Biology- Basic Chemistry

What is the periodic table?

A chart that lays out the 118 types of elements that compose matter.

What is a chemical equation? Why does an equation need to be balanced? How is an equation balanced? Use all appropriate biology vocabulary.

A chemical equation is an equation the represents chemical reactions. An equation needs to be balanced because of the law of conservation of mass which states mass is neither created nor destroyed. This means the same number of atoms found in the products side of the equation will be found in the reactants side of the equation.

Describe how a chemical equation is balanced, using the term ​coefficient​.

A chemical equation is balanced because the order of the coefficients are being rearranged/ changed. However, on each side of the equation the molecules are equal and have the same number of atoms on each side.

What does a chemical equation represent?

A chemical equation represents a chemical reaction happening.

Write one chemical formula

A chemical formula for carbon dioxide is CO2

Center of an atom is...

nucleus; it is the core of the atom. It is made up of protons and neutrons.

What are elements?

A substance made up of only one type of atom that can't be broken down into simpler forms Primary constituents of matter that cannot be created or broken down through normal chemical reactions

Octet rule

An element can donate, accept, or share electrons with other elements to fill its outer shell and satisfy the octet rule.

This advanced technology has allowed scientists to provide even more evidence to support the idea "that all matter is made up of tiny indivisible particles (atoms)" in the currently accepted ______.

Atomic theory

Describe what the letters and numbers in a chemical formula each represent.

Each letter represents an element. The numbers represent the number of atoms of the element/ how much of the element there is. The C represents that carbon dioxide is made up of one carbon atom. The O represents that carbon dioxide contains oxygen atoms and the 2 shows that the carbon atom is made up of two oxygen atoms.

what is in between the nucleus and electrons?

Empty space

The chemical reaction creating a compound can be reversed, with ___ number of atoms on both sides of the reaction equation.

Equal

What is matter made out of?

Matter is composed of different types of atoms.

Are the properties of compounds the same as the elements they are made from?

No

Will changing the number of neutrons in an atom change its chemical properties?

No. May just make the atom slightly heavier, slightly lighter, or sometimes make the atom unstable.

Electron Cloud

Outer edges of the atom

Protons, Electrons, and neutrons.

Protons- positively charged Electrons- negatively charged Neutrons- neutral

radioactive isotopes or radioisotopes.

Some isotopes are unstable and will lose protons, other subatomic particles, or energy to form more stable elements. These are called.....

Identify the subatomic particles, their charge, and their location.

Subatomic particles are protons, electrons, and neutrons. Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus (middle) of the atom. Electrons are located in the shells of the atom (around the nucleus). Protons have a positive charge, neutrons have no charge, and electrons have a negative.

1. Identify the basic unit and two properties of matter. 2. What is an element and give two examples of elements essential to life.

The basic unit of matter is atoms. Two properties of matter are mass and volume. An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down any further. Two elements that are essential to life are carbon and oxygen.

What subatomic particle determines the number and type of chemical bonds that form between atoms?

The electrons of an atom are the subatomic particles that determine the number and type of chemical bonds that form between atoms

Atoms

What are the fundamental building blocks of chemistry? "LEGOs Of Life"

What scientific law applies to the balancing of chemical equations? Identify and describe this law.

The scientific law that applies to the balancing of chemical equations is the law of conservation of mass. This law means that the numbers of atoms in the elements present in the equation is conserved/ stays the same. The ratio of reactants to products is equal. The number of atoms in the reactants matches the number of atoms in the products.

What did Democritus mean by using the term 'atomos'?

There was an ultimate "uncuttable" small about of substance.

Atoms can be cut. What are the three subatomic particles?

They are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

how do we know atoms exist?

Through chemical reactions we can witness their effects, through mathematical equations combined with indirect observations we can calculate their various sizes and also with the age of new technologies such as the scanning tunneling microscope atoms can now be seen.

Each atom forms its own number of bonds. And some don't form any bonds at all!

True

Scientists are applying their understanding of how different molecules vibrate to improve efficiency of solar panels & electronics and even to understand our DNA!

True

Though scientists did not fully believe that atoms were real, they did find this theory of understanding how things worked helpful in making predictions and cleaner chemical reactions.

True

Compounds

When elements react with each other and mix to form new substances with new properties

Would changing the number of protons in an atom change the chemical properties of the atom?

Yes. The number of protons an atom contains determines the type of atom it is. For example, if you add a proton to a nitrogen atom that atom is now oxygen. if you take a proton away from a nitrogen atom that atom is now carbon.

Isotopes . Some isotopes are unstable and will lose protons, other subatomic particles, or energy to form more stable elements. These are called radioactive isotopes or radioisotopes.

are different forms of the same element that have the same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons. Carbon-12, the most common isotope of carbon, contains six protons and six neutrons. Therefore, it has a mass number of 12 (six protons and six neutrons) and an atomic number of 6 (which makes it carbon). Carbon-14 contains six protons and eight neutrons. Therefore, it has a mass number of 14 (six protons and eight neutrons) and an atomic number of 6, meaning it is still the element carbon. These two alternate forms of carbon are isotopes

Energy is defined as the "ability to do work" or "able to move/change matter". With enough energy, you can expect

bonds of a molecule to weaken and break.

A ___________ bond results from two or more atoms sharing their electrons.

covalent bond

atomic number atomic mass

equal to the number of protons in that atom is the number of protons and neutrons in that atom

Which two subatomic particles are equal in number in a neutral atom?

protons and electrons. In general the number of electrons an atom contains is equal to the number of protons it has. This is because each positively charged proton is attracted to one negatively charged electron. Through chemical reactions however, electrons can be added to an atoms or taken/striped away from it. So the atom is now called an ion

What gives the atom MOST of its mass?

protons and neutrons

Molecule

smallest particle of a pure chemical substance that still remains its composition and chemical properties. Group of atoms stuck together usually through chemical bonds.

when atoms come together to form a molecule......

the molecule vibrates between its bonds in a regular pattern. you can think of the bond as a bouncing spring. This is because the protons and nucleus of each atom repel one another while the shared electrons in each bond pull the atoms back together. The vibrates we find in molecules are the result of a perpetual tug of war between these two forces.

covalent bond

the sharing of electron pair between atoms. This bond isn't permanent. With enough heat or due to interactions with other molecules the hydrogen atoms with most likely separate once more.

Molecules vary in size & shape because

they can contain any number of different atoms their atoms are arranged in different ways