Biology CEll types and structure/ function

What is a time line of historical events showing the advancements in studying cells?

- 1500s, Hans and Janssen come up with the first compound microscope - 1600s, Robert Hooke, came up the the phrase "the cell" when he looked at the chambers in the cell, in reminded him of cells where monks would pray. - 1600s, Anton Leeuwenhoek, discovered the first bacteria by looking at teeth/ dental scrapings. - 1800s, Matthias Schleiden discovered all plants have cells. 1800s, Theodor Schwann discovered all animals have cells. - 1800s, Rudolph Virchow had "his" research that proved all cells came from pre-existing cells.

What does the Chloroplast look like? What is it's function? What happens if the cell has no chloroplast?

- A oval shape with lines or dots in the middle - Photosynthesis Sun+co2+h2o->c6h206+o2 (Glucose) - The the cell has no way to produce photosynthesis which then has no way produce sugar which gives the cell no energy.

What does the cytoplasm look like? What is its function? What happens if the cell does not have cytoplasm?

- Background "stuff" of the cell. - Chemical Reactions occur here (condensation and hydrolysis reaction) - Then the cell will not "preform" any chemical reactions.

Prokaryotics have which cell organelles?

- Cell wall - Cytoplasm - Ribosomes - Cell membrane

Plant cells have which cell organelles?

- Cell wall - Nucleus - Cytoplasm - Vacuoles - Ribosomes - Mitochondria - Cell membrane - Golgi bodies - Chloroplast

What are the 6 characteristics of life?

- Cells - Reproduce - Move/Respond - Grow - Homeostasis - Use Energy

What is cell spelizaion? What are 3 examples?

- Cells come in many different shapes and sizes. -

What does the nucleus look like? What is its function? What happens if the cell does not have a nucleus?

- Inside the cell, a circle with DNA inside - Holds directions for making proteins(DNA) - Then the cell will not no how to make proteins with no directions.

What does the cell wall look like? What is it's function? What happens if the cell has no cell wall?

- Its the outer ring in a plant cell. - It provides support, structure and boundary. - Then the cell has no structure

What does the golgi bodies look like? What is it's function? What happens if the cell has no Golgi bodies?

- Layers going back and forth - Modifys, packages and sort molecules for inside and outside of the cell. It attaches a carb to a protein head. Proteins act as hormones. Neurotransmitts. - Then the molecules have no way of sorting themselves.

What does the vacuole look like? What is it's function? What happens if the cell has no vacuole?

- Like a long CIRCLE shape thing. (in plant cell- really BIG!) - It holds Pigments (chlorophyll in plants- makes plants green) Water (in plants) and fat (in animals) - Then the cell can't hold the water, pigments or fat.

What does the ribosomes look like? What is its function?What happens if the cell has no ribosomes?

- Little dots in the cell - Make proteins by joining together amino acids. (condensation reaction) - Then the cell has no proteins for the cell to function properly

Animal cells have which cell organelles?

- Nucleus - Cytoplasm - Vacuoles - Ribosomes - Mitochondria - Cell membrane - Golgi bodies

What does the cell membrane look like? What is its function? What happens if the cell does not have a cell membrane?

- The inner ring of cell. - Regulates/ decides what can enter and leave the cell. - Then anything can come inside and out of the cell. Like bacteria.

What does the mitochondria look like ? What is its function? What happens if the cell has no mitochondria?

- an oval with a wavy line in the middle - Makes energy for the cell from sugar c6h1206+02->ATP+co2+h20 (Glucose+Oxygen->ATP+carbon dioxide+water - Then the cell will have no energy made by sugar

How has technology helped in understanding of cells and cell structure?

Because first, the lence made everything bigger, the the microscope made us see inside cells then the electric microscope made us see parts of cells.

Why are cells a basic unit of life?

Because from cells and up on the pyramid of life, everything is living.

Why can't a prokaryote be multicellular?

Because prokaryotes are simple, not complex. They have no nucleus , no other organelles.

What defines the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryote cells?

P: They have no nucleus and no internal membrane E: Has a nucleus and an internal membrane

What are the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryote cells?

Prokaryotic: Simple, ALL bacteria, no internal organs smaller, no nucleus, do not enclose DNA in nucleus. Can be unicellular Eukaryotes: Complex, have a nucleus, have other organelles, multicellur, larger, enclose DNA in nucleus. Can be unicellular.

What is the difference between unicellular and multicellular?Advantages? Disadvantages?

Unicellular: One celled A: Adaptable, Small D: Very small Multicellular: More than one cell A: Move faster, do many different things (specialized)