biology: ch 1 - 7 (semester 1 final)
unicellular
"1 cell" bacteria, protozoa (ameba, paramecia, euglena)
glucose
"blood sugar"
cellulite
"cottage cheese" fat
fructose
"fruit sugar"
wetlands
"holding tank" for your water
protoplasm
"living liquid" - materials suspended or floating in water
maltose
"malt sugar"
lactose
"milk sugar"
autotrophs
"producers"
sugar
"saccharide" or saccharin:
galactose
"simple milk sugar"
sucrose
"table sugar"
jigging
"thrashing" which separates hulls
atomic mass
# of protons + # of neutrons
atomic number
# of protons in an atom
bird extinction
(81%) has occurred on islands (Dodo bird)
sugar
-ose means ...
protein
1 gene controls 1 _________
trait
1 protein that is controlled by 1 gene controls 1 what?
energy transfer
10% retention (90% loss)
protein
15% of body weight
1
1mm equals how many CC?
organism
1st level of ecological organization
primary consumers
1st level of the food web
photosynthesis
1st step of the carbon cycle
precipitation
1st step of the water cycle
Jarvik 7 artificial heart
1st used in 1982, developed by Robert Jarvik
isotopes
2 atoms of the same element with the same atomic number but a different atomic mass
loon, trumpeter swan
2 birds that stay with their mates forever
wine, milk
2 drinks that pasteurization was used for
polymers and monomers
2 macromolecules
sugar beets and sugarcane
2 main sources of our sucrose (table sugar)
disaccharides
2 sugars
anabolism and catabolism
2 types of buffers
empirical (molecular), structural
2 types of formulas
ball and stick, space filling
2 types of models
cortico and anabolic
2 types of steroids
coldfronts, grazing altitudes
2 ways that air cools
oxygen
21% of all atmospheric gases
permian-triassic
2nd greatest mass extinction of all time .. 75-85% of all creatures die out
population
2nd level of ecological organization
secondary consumers
2nd level of the food web
cellular respiration
2nd step of the carbon cycle
runoff
2nd step of the water cycle
uniform, clumped, random
3 classes of disperson
monomers (lipids)
3 fatty acids (triglycerides) + glycerol
protium, deuterium, tritium
3 isotopes of hydrogen
war, famine, disease
3 major causes of death
phosphate, sugar, nitrogen base
3 nucleotides (building blocks)
who is the predator, who is the prey, how do they work together
3 population characteristics
cygnets, 5 weeks old, adulthood
3 stages of trumpeter swan dieting
substrate, active site, enzyme
3 things involved in the lock and key theory
messenger, transfer, ribosomal
3 types of RNA
red, white, jack
3 types of pine trees
sand, silt, clay
3 types of soil
biological community
3rd level of ecological organization
tertiary consumers
3rd level of the food web
decomposition
3rd step of the carbon cycle
percolation
3rd step of the water cycle
liquid, gas, solid, plasma
4 states of matter
ecosystem
4th level of ecological organization
quaternary consumers
4th level of the food web
combustion
4th step of the carbon cycle
infiltration
4th step of the water cycle
carnivorous
5 weeks old trumpeter swan diet
biome
5th level of ecological organization
formation of carbonates
5th step of the carbon cycle
surface/ground water (aquifers)
5th step of the water cycle
combustion, synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement, acid-base
6 types of reactions
biosphere
6th level of ecological organization
weathering, erosion, sedimentary rocks
6th step of the carbon cycle
rain garden (recharge zone)
6th step of the water cycle
algae blooms remove carbon from water
7th step of the carbon cycle
evaporation
7th step of the water cycle
condensation
8th step of the water cycle
late ordovician
90% of all creatures on earth go extinct .. greatest mass extinction of all time
europeans
99% of the virgin trees are gone ever since who showed up?
atomic mass unit
AMU
adenosine triphosphate
ATP scientific name
glucose
ATPs come out of _______.
carbohydrates and fats
C, H, O
protiens
C, H, O, N
nucleic acids (dna and rna)
C, H, O, N, P
chlorophyll
C, H, O, N, P, Mg
CITES
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species
deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA scientific name
deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA stands for..
preserve
DO NOT use
genetically modified organisms
GMOs
SI
International System of Units
bonsai tree
Japanese tree found on top of mountains
ocean
Native Americans believed that this meant "eternal life"
3
Native Americans believed that your spirit stays in your body for how many days after death?
ribonucleic acid
RNA specific name
ribonucleic acid
RNA stands for...
environmental
_____ biologists work to prevent plants and animals from becoming extinct.
glucose
_____ controls energy in your body
species diversity
_________ ________ is the number of different species and the relative abundance of each species in a biological community
ecosystem diversity
_________ _________ refers to the variety of ecosystems that are present in the biosphere
stimulus
___________ leads to response
extinction
___________ of a species occurs when the last member of the species dies
combustion
a ________ reaction is when oxygen combines with another compound to form water and carbon dioxide. these reactions are exothermic, which means they produce heat. an example of this kind of reaction is the burning of nathalene.
synthesis
a ________ reaction is when two or more simple compounds combine to form a more complicated one. these reactions come in the general form of: A + B → AB
decomposition
a _________ reaction is the opposite of a synthesis reaction - a complex molecule breaks down to make simpler ones. this comes in the general form of: AB → A + B.
climate, inhabitants
a biome is based on two things, what are they?
white blood cell
a blood cell that fights disease, memory cell
science
a body of knowledge based on the study of nature
carbon dioxide
a by product of cell respiration
genetic drift
a change in gene pool -- drifting from each other
ion
a charged atom
mixture
a combination of two or more pure substances in which each pure substance retains its individual chemical properties
molecule
a compound in which the atoms are held together by covalent bonds
theodore roosevelt
a conservationist who established 5 national parks, 51 bird reserves, 10 national forests, and 18 national monuments by setting aside 230 million acres of land
observation
a direct method of gathering information in an orderly way
meadow
a field of grass or wildflowers, water dried up
binary fission
a form of asexual reproduction that splits cells into 2 equal parts
empirical formula
a formula giving the proportions of the elements present in a compound but not the actual numbers or arrangement of atoms
colonial
a group of cells that reproduce but don't work together (green algae, volvox)
multicellular
a group of cells that work together for a common function
species
a group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring
safety symbol
a logo designed to alert you about a specific danger
solution
a mixture that has a uniform composition throughout (homogeneous)
diatomic molecule
a molecule containing only two atoms
viroid
a plant pathogen composed of molecules of naked, circular RNA several hundred nucleotides long
conservation of energy
a principle stating that energy cannot be created or destroyed
secretion
a process by which substances are produced and discharged from a cell, gland, or organ for a particular function in the organism or for excretion
peer review
a process by which the procedures and results of an experiment are evaluated by other scientists who are in the same field or who are conducting similar research
element
a pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by physical or chemical means
carbon dioxide
a reactant in photosynthesis
response
a reaction to a stimulus
spore
a reproductive cell with a hard, thick protective coating
scientific method
a series of steps followed to solve problems including collecting data, formulating a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis, and stating conclusions
van der waals forces
a slight attraction that develops between the oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules
primordial soup
a solution rich in organic compounds in the primitive oceans of the earth, from which life is hypothesized to have originated
postulate
a statement that is accepted as true without proof, used to prove something
catalyst
a substance that lowers the activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction
virus
a tiny, nonliving particle that invades and then reproduces inside a living cell
hydrogen bond
a weak interaction involving a hydrogen atom and a fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen atom
energy
ability to do work
territory
ability to move is based on ___________.
irritability
ability to respond to a stimulus
inquisitive
able to ask questions
west to east
above the equator, what direction does rain travel?
mass extinction
accelerated rate of extinction brought on by natural disasters or man
law
accepted to be a true and definitive statement
pH
acidity levels
air and water
active principles of abiogenesis
biological augmentation
adding natural predators to a degraded ecosystem (put out a predator that'll eat the prey that's destroying crops)
biological augmentation
adding natural predators to an area (ladybugs eat aphids)
adenosine
adenine and sugar together is called what?
tubers of duck potato, sago pondweed
adult trumpeter swan diet
domestication of animals, sewage treatment systems, technology in farming, antibiotics, improved shelters
advances in population and carrying capacity
1 cell/creature
advantages of asexual reproduction
old stone age
age of hunters and gatherers
new stone age, bronze age, iron age
ages with constant increase in population
industrial revolution
agrarian life turns to urbanization, upsurge in population occurs
CITES
agreement to ban/limit trade in endangered species
biotic factors
aid in reproduction, growth
green
algae blooms cause the top of the lakes to turn ______.
sunlight
algae blooms prevent the fish from getting ________.
carbon dioxide
algae blooms removes _______ _______ from the water making it less acidic - "alkaline"
filament
algae chain of cells
division of labor
all cells work together for the common good, "differentation"
biogeochemical cycles of matter
all effect life and have both biotic and abiotic features
metabolism
all of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism
gene pool
all of the genes in a population
metabolism
all the chemical reactions of the body
negative
allergies are causes by a __________ reaction to proteins
chaparral area
along the eat coast, known for their oily plant areas
turkeyfoot
also known as big/little foot
NH₂
amine group of amino acid
growth rate
amount of change over given amount of time
heat of vaporization
amount of energy needed to change a liquid to a gas
heat of fusion
amount of energy needed to change a solid to a liquid
calorie
amount of energy needed to raise 1 gram of water 1°C
ionic bond
an electrical attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or groups of atoms called ions
gastrula
an embryo at the stage following the blastula, when it is a hollow cup-shaped structure having three layers of cells
pandemic
an epidemic that is geographically widespread
theory
an explanation of a natural phenomenon supported by many observations and experiments over time
pathogen
an organism that can cause disease
oviducts
animal fallopian tubes
sponge
animal made of only tissue
black footed ferret, grizzly bear, sea lion
animals effected by habitat loss/disruption
deoxyribose
another name for DNA (with sugar)
ribose
another name for RNA
alkaline
another name for a base
chalk
another name for calcium carbonate
mudhen
another name for coot
vector
another name for disease agents
electrolyte
another name for ion
gray pine
another name for jack pine
structural proteins
another name for linear proteins
monomers
another name for monomers
hydronium scale
another name for pH scale
brood parasites
another name for pheasants
norway pine
another name for red pine
algae
another name for spirogyra conjugation
dextrose
another name for sucrose
dwarf tree
another name for the bonsai tree
membrane
antibiotics destroy cell __________ in bacteria
stimulus
any event or situation that evokes a response
organism
any living thing
ocean
anything on land will eventually end up in the ________
organism
anything the has living characteristics
1000 times
approximately how much greater is the current background extinction compared to the normal rate?
crown fires
are hotter and more damaging than ground fires (called control fires)
hydrophobic
are the inside layers of cells hydrophilic or hydrophobic?
hydrophilic
are the outside layers of cells hydrophilic or hydrophobic?
base
are you more likely to be burned by an acid or base?
gene pool
area of population with huge diversity of genes
middle east
area that produces the most fuel
urban sprawl
area where all the house look the same - fast expansion
longitude
as you move above sea level
latitude
as you move away from the equator
biotic factors
associated with living
abiotic factors
associated with nonliving
dinosaurs
asteroid hit the Yucatan peninsula
octet rule
atoms are the most stable with 8 electrons in the outer shell
isotopes
atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons
tendon
attaches muscle to bone
ligament
attaches muscle to muscle
neutrons
attract electrons into the outer shell
4.8
average pack size for timberwolves
lime
base in soils "____"
-OH (hydroxide)
bases always end with what polyatomic ion?
cleaning agents
bases are usually what?
monomer
basic building block of simple sugars
natural resources
basic needs for 6 billion people (9 billion in near future)
atom
basic unit of matter
milfoil
before zebra muscles, weed that takes over lake
womb
being buried in the fetal position represented going back into the what?
east to west
below the equator, what direction does rain travel?
tropical rainforest
best place to find new plants and species for research
bioremediation
best way to deal with polluted areas
system of highways
biggest cause of fragmentation
habitat loss and disruption
biggest threat to biodiversity
prokaryotes
binary fission is found only in _____________
greatest
biodiversity is _______ in tropical rainforests
enzymes
biological catalysts that speed up the rate of chemical reactions in biological processes
open
biological organisms are ____ systems.
agricultural
biologists who work in _____ research might study how to make crops grow more efficiently.
living
biology is the study of _____ things and the environment.
decreases
biomass ________ as you move up the trophic levels
change
biomes _______ as you go up mountains
a specific climate, certain types of plants, certain types of animals
biomes are characterized by:
smaller ecosystems
biomes are divided into what?
ecosystem
biotic and abiotic factors in a given area
egrets
birds that were killed for feathered hats, there was a large population on pelican island
natality
birth rate
carrying capacity
birthrate increases until it reachers what?
moss
bogs have what plant in them?
louis pasteur
boiled broth vigorously without sealing it, and growth occurred when the gooseneck was removed, disproving spontaneous generation
pheasant
bought as hunting birds for their feet and color
eutrophication
break down of organic material
catabolism
breakdown reactions
hydrolysis
breaking down two or more molecules using water
tRNA
brings in amino acids to the ribosome to make proteins
cowbird
brood parasite examples
calcium
builder of bones and muscle
anabolism
building reactions
carbon
burning trees puts ________ into the air
5
by 1950 how many countries had zero population growth
64
by 2000 how many countries had zero population growth
too acidic
calcium carbonate was put into fields because they were what?
4
calories/gram in a carbohydrate
9
calories/gram in a fat
4
calories/gram in a protein
mountain dew
can cause stones
mitosis
cancer is this cell process gone wrong
carcinogen
capable of causing cancer
(CH₂O)ₙ
carbohydrate basic formula
unsaturated fats
carbon have a double bond in the tail and can accommodate another hydrogen
acid rain
carbonic acid
-COOH
carboxyl group
COOH
carboxyl group of amino acid
addictive
carbs are _______.
salmonella
carried by turtles
hemoglobin
carries oxygen, made of iron, on erythrocytes (red blood cells)
mRNA
carries the message from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome
hydrogen ions
carry ions - electrical current - through your body
catalysts
causes chemical reaction to occur at a low temperature but remain unchanged
budding
cell splits into 2 unequal parts
differentation
cells look different because of different jobs
eukaryotes
cells that have a nucleus
adipose cells
cells that store/hold your fat
the 8 characteristics of life
cellular organization, reproduction, metabolism, react to stimuli, maintain homeostasis, grow and develop, adapt through evolution, heredity
nucleus
center of the atom (mass of the atom)
eagles
change feather colors around 3-4 years and becomes a reproductive adult at this time
chemical
changes of matter that are nonreversible, and different substances are formed
physical
changes of matter that are reversible and the same substance
denature
changes the shape of the enzyme
nutrient
changing a ______ level has a cascading effect on all trophic levels
temperate
characteristic of a biome where temperature varies
organic
chemistry with carbon based products
phosphate
cleaning agent but also a pollutant
temperature, precipitation, humidity, winds
climate conditions depend on:
extinction, overexploitation, habitat loss and disruption, fragmentation, pollution
common threats to biodiversity
starch
complex carbohydrate in plants
Tamarac, spruce, pines
conifer tree examples
a lack of moisture
coniferous trees can be found in both the subarctic taiga and warm chaparral regions. what kind of conditions have the trees in these areas adapted to?
photosynthesis
connects the organic and inorganic world
hot spots
contain the most species
salt water
contains minerals of broken down rocks
proteins
control bodily chemical reactions
proteins
control gene expression
k-strategist
controlled by density-dependent factors (predators, disease, parasites, competition)
r-strategist
controlled by density-independent factors (weather, human activities)
colorado river
controls its pesticide use, salinity, flow rate, boating, and fishing
temperature
controls the speed of atoms
international megareserves
costa rica "buffer zones", jurassic park
supersaturated solution
created by changing environmental conditions of a saturated solution (heat, pressure) to allow more solute in the solvent
demetrius mendeleev
created the periodic table
top
crown fires happen at the _____ of trees
zebra mussels
cut your feet, plug up pipes, suck oxygen out of the water
habitat fragmentation
cutting the habitat into small pieces (edge effect)
aquatic insects, crustaceans
cygnets diet
solvent
dangerous because they pull apart molecules
anhydrous ammonia
dangerous fertilizer
mortality
death rate
oak, birch, ironwood, maple, elm
deciduous tree stage
damages
decline of a single species __________ the entire ecosystem
small
declining populations have _______ pre-reproductive age classes
saprophyte
decomposer
slow down
decreasing the use of natural resources will do what to approach to carrying capacity?
buckthorn
deer rub against this
solid
definite shape and volume - atoms close together and moving slowly
cramping
dehydration causes what?
francesco redi (1668)
demonstrated that the presence of maggots in putrefying meat does not result from spontaneous generation but from eggs laid on the meat by flies, disproving spontaneous generation
competition
density-dependent factors: lemmings and deer
parasites
density-dependent factors: moose in Minnesota from deer parasites
disease
density-dependent factors: skin disease in leopard frogs
predation
density-dependent factors: wolf and moose numbers on Isle Royale in Michigan
dams, diversions, change of water temperature, pollution, introduction of nonnative species
density-independent factors: human activities examples
cold/heat, drought/flood, tornados/hurricanes, fire
density-independent factors: weather examples
species
derived from the word "specific"
chemosynthesis
derives energy in swamps from chemicals
qualitative data
descriptive data, such as color or shape
bioremediation
detoxifying areas using fungi, bacteria, or plants
edward jenner
developed 1st vaccine for smallpox (using cowpox)
george washington carver
developed over 300 products from the peanut
jacques costeau
developed sophisticated diving equipment and protected the oceans
robert jarvik
developed the first artificial heart
luther burbank
developed the thornless cactus and a new variety of potato, known as the father of plant breeding, city in CA named after him
budding cells split into 2 unequal parts while binary fission cells split into 2 equal parts
difference between binary fission and budding
eukaryotes have nucleus, prokaryotes do not
difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
biological community
different species, same place, same time
can't adapt
disadvantages of asexual reproduction
timber wolf
disappeared in MN in the late 1800s
louis leakey
discovered Lucy in the Olduvi Gorge, also found Eve
alexander flemming
discovered penicillin
spacing of a population
dispersion
prairie chickens
display themselves by dance and noise in an area known as the "booming grounds"
species diversity
diversity becomes greater in warmer climates
cytokinesis
division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells
mitosis
division of the nucleus
sharp tailed grouse
do a mating display known as a lek
developing countries
do developing or developed countries have more hotspots?
no
do larger fish form schools?
r-strategist
do not maintain a population near carrying capacity
spores
do spores or seeds live longer?
no
do the needles stay on conifers year round?
aerobic
does aerobic or anaerobic energy last longer?
cold
does cold or warm water hold more oxygen?
gas
does not have a definite shape or volume - atoms far apart and moving fast
warm
does warm or cold air get more water?
buffer
doesn't allow change in an acid or a base
closed system
doesn't allow energy exchange with outside factors
longitude
doesn't effect biomes (as you go around the earth)
ferals
domesticated pets
uniform
easiest group to get accurate numbers
insectivores
eat insects
omnivore
eat meat and plants, canine and incisor and molar teeth
carnivore
eat meat, canine teeth, bigger brain
herbivore
eat plants, incisor teeth, small brain
habitat, niche
ecosystem interactions
small
ecosystems are _____ compared to biomes
latitude
effects biomes (as you go up the earth)
trans fat
elastic acid made in food production by making polyunsaturated fats
cloud
electrons are in what part of the atom?
NH₃
empirical formula for ammonia
CO₂
empirical formula for carbon dioxide
H₂
empirical formula for hydrogen gas
CH₄
empirical formula for methane
H₂O
empirical formula for water
enzymes
end in -ase or -lin
activation energy
energy that is needed to get a chemical reaction started
ammalase
enzyme in mouth that breaks down starch
louis pasteur
established a vaccine for rabies, disproved spontaneous generation, discovered pasteurization
graduate
evaluated at certain levels
transpiration
evaporation of water from plant leaves
replace
evergreens get their name because whenever they shed needles, they _________ them
1
every 3 wrungs (twists) of DNA controls the bringing in of how many amino acids?
carbon
every living thing has ______.
limestone
example of a rock formed during the carbon cycle
hydrobromic acid with sodium hydroxide
example of acid-base reaction
sleeping
example of anabolism
weight lifting
example of catabolism
bison (herds), fish (schools)
example of clumped dispersion
burning of napthalene
example of combustion reaction
shark and remora
example of commensalism
water boiling
example of decomposition reaction
lead iodide and potassium nitrate
example of double displacement reaction
burning fossil fuels
example of hydrocarbons
lower of humpback club in the Colorado river
example of introduction to nonnative species
eyes getting bigger/smaller
example of irritability
bacillus bacteria
example of microbiology
bacteria and legumes
example of mutualism
trilobite
example of paleontology
tape worm
example of parasitism
white tailed deer
example of random dispersion
magnesium hydroxide and hydrogen gas
example of single displacement reaction
iron sulfide
example of synthesis reaction
bear (roaming area of 500 sq. feet)
example of uniform dispersion
ear wax
example of waterproofing
feces, urine
examples of animal waste
plants, algae, bacteria
examples of autotrophs
hydra, yeast
examples of budding
mayonnaise, paint
examples of colloids
green algae, volvox
examples of colonial bacteria
mates, territory
examples of competition
weather, human activities
examples of density-independent factors
fly, tick, flea
examples of disease agents
ponds, forests
examples of ecosystems
animal and plant cells
examples of eukaryotic cells
water, CO2
examples of excretion
burning tropical rainforest, draining wetlands, expanding cities, creating dams and diversions
examples of habitat loss and disruption
animals, fungi, bacteria
examples of heterotrophs
milfoil, parasites
examples of invasive species
zebra mussel, eurasian carp, purple loosestrife, eurasian watermilfoil
examples of invasive species
glucose, fructose, galactose
examples of isomers
soybeans, clover, peanuts
examples of legumes
food, water, oxygen
examples of mammal/reptile population limiting factors
minerals, uranium, fuels, extinct animals
examples of nonrenewable resources
sunlight, glucose
examples of plant population limiting factors
rain, snow, hail
examples of precipitation
bacteria, blue-green algae
examples of prokaryotic cells/binary fission
marsh, swamp
examples of recharge zones
starfish, lizard tail, planar, skin
examples of regeneration
water, clean air, wind, forests
examples of renewable resources
bile, oil
examples of secretion
fungi, moss, ferns
examples of spores
smog, salad dressing, milk
examples of suspensions
DNA, viruses
examples of transduction
protozoa, amoeba, paramecia
examples of unicellular bacteria
k-strategist
experiences carrying capacity issues with little change year to year
pavlov's dogs
experiment that discovered classic conditioning and has to do with response to environment
klinefelters
extra X chromosome (XXY)
virulent
extremely poisonous
old stone age
farming begins (slight population increase)
alberta clippers
fast moving winds that come from Canada to the U.S. bringing chills and frosting over after awhile
hydrogenation
fat turns into semisolid when it was an oil
carboxyl
fatty acid tails are what group?
waxes
fatty acids joined to alcohol other than glycerol
zygote
fertilized egg
fewer consumers
fewer producers = what?
break down nutrients
fields are kept slight acidic to help do what?
shrub stage
fifth stage of pond
madagascar periwinkle
fights luekemia
pacific yew
fights skin cancer
yellowstone
first national park
submerged plants
first stage of pond
duckweed, water lilies
floating aquatic vegetation stage examples
capillary
flowing into a narrow tube/opening
producer
food chains always start with a what?
f=ma
force formula
precipitation
forms as a result of condensation
cellulose
forms on the cell walls of plants and algae
birth rate - death rate + immigration rate - emigration rate
formula for growth rate
penicillin
found in mold
grass stage
fourth stage of pond
downy feathers
fragile, soft, light feathers
water + dirt = frogs
frogs example of abiogenesis
primary succession
from barren rock
ovaries
fruits are ripened _________-
carries genetic information
function of nucleic acid
quick energy, structural support in some cells
functions of carbohydrates
storage of energy, protection "padding", insulation, formation of membranes, "waterproofing", building
functions of lipids
athlete's foot, ringworm
fungal disease examples
negative ion
gained an electron (anion)
desensitizes
gargling salt water _________ nerves in your throat
fern
gas and oil came from ...
abiotic factors
gases, soil types and temperatures
leave, enter, die
gene pools change if creatures _______, ________, or ______.
AB → A + B
general form of decomposition reaction
AB + CD → AD + CB
general form of double displacement reaction
A + BC → AC + B
general form of single displacement reaction
A + B → AB
general form of synthesis reaction
chromosome
genes linked together
white house
george washington carver was the first colored man to go where?
methane
given off by cows
photosynthesis
gives off glucose and oxygen
exothermic
gives off heat
ionic bonds
giving away of electrons - create charge "inorganic"
potholes
glaciation cause holes in areas called what?
C₆H₁₂O₆
glucose (simple sugar)
sucrose + water
glucose + fructose = ?
lactose + water
glucose + galactose = ?
maltose + water
glucose + glucose = ?
blood sugar
glucose is also known as what?
evaporation
going from the liquid stage to the gas stage
condensation
going from vapor or gas to a liquid
recharge zones
golf course sand traps are ________ _____.
ecological succession
gradual change and replacement of species (one type of organism gets the area ready for the next)
background extinction
gradual process of a species becoming extinct
turkeyfoot, foxtails, fern, harebell
grass stage examples
rushes
grasslike plants with hollow stems located the the edges of a lake
32 feet/second squared
gravitation fall (acceleration)
genetic diversity
greater with random mating and a large gene pool
fyto plankton
green plankton
community
group of interacting populations
population
group of organisms of the same species that occupies the same area at the same time
experimental group
group that is exposed to the factor being tested
control group
group used for comparison in an experiment
gemmule
growing a new organism from a packaged sample fall the cells in the parent organism
regeneration
growing a new part or organism
middle ages
growth until the bubonic plague "black death"
address
habitat is the organism's "________"
5,730 years
half life of carbon 14
ATPs
has 2 high energy bonds
matter
has mass and occupies space
human population
has not always increased, but has constantly changed
elephants
have a long gestation period
insects
have a short gestation period
dinosaurs
have been gone for less time than they were on earth for
electrons
have no mass
vascular plants
have tissues made of cells that transport water and nutrients throughout the plant
kettle
hawks will circle in a "_________" formation
parching
heating the rice up from 45-60 minutes
tropical rain forests
help climate change by taking CO₂ out of the air
rRNA
helps make up the ribosome
globular proteins
hemoglobin and gama globulin
outside
heterotrophs get their energy from an _______ source.
undeveloped countries
high birth rate, high death rate (triangular shaped)
developing countries
high birth rate, lower death rate
tuskeegee airmen
highly respected, all African American flight crew that fought the germans
blastula
hollow ball of cells
peptide bonds
how are amino acids held together?
chromosomes
how are genes linked?
hydrolysis
how are lipids broken down?
electrons = protons
how can you tell when an ion is neutral?
metastasis
how cancer cells spread
by growing the virus in rabbits, then drying the affected nerve tissue to weaken the virus
how did louis pasteur create the rabies vaccine?
asteroids
how did organisms get extinct before human times?
break bonds
how do chemicals release energy?
make bonds
how do chemicals store energy?
no natural enemies
how do invasive species damage ecosystems?
atomic mass - atomic number
how do you find the number of neutrons?
wildlife refuges, state and national parks
how does biodiversity have aesthetic value?
food, medicine, shelter, energy, clothing
how does biodiversity have high economic value?
oxygen, flood control, filtering of air, fertile soils, regulate local climates, watersheds
how does biodiversity have indirect economic value?
used in research
how does biodiversity have scientific value?
population growth rate
how fast a population is growing
making and breaking bonds
how is energy stored in chemical organisms?
10 minutes
how long can your brain go without oxygen?
2-3 years
how long did it take for the dinosaurs to die off?
112 days
how long did the first patient using the Jarvik-7 live?
620 days
how long did the second patient using the Jarvik-7 live?
6-12 feet
how long is a trumpeter swan's nest?
300 units
how long is the shortest DNA molecule
38
how many ATP are produced during aerobic exercise?
2
how many ATP are produced during anaerobic exercise?
2
how many ATPS are gotten from one molecule of glucose from anaerobic respiration
38
how many ATPs are gotten from one molecule of glucose from aerobic respiration
51
how many birds reserves did Theodore Roosevelt establish?
40
how many breeding pairs of trumpeter swans are in Tamarac?
1000
how many calories are in 1 Kcal?
3500
how many calories are in 1 pound?
80
how many calories are needed for heat of fusion?
539
how many calories are needed for heat of vaporization?
3-9
how many eggs do trumpeter swans lay?
10
how many electrons does the d orbital hold?
14
how many electrons does the f orbital hold?
2
how many electrons does the first shell hold?
32
how many electrons does the fourth shell hold?
6
how many electrons does the p orbital hold?
2
how many electrons does the s orbital hold?
8
how many electrons does the second shell hold?
18
how many electrons does the third shell hold?
4
how many ligaments are there on most major joints?
1000
how many little calories are in one big Calorie?
150
how many national forests did Theodore Roosevelt establish?
18
how many national monuments did Theodore Roosevelt establish?
5
how many national parks did Theodore Roosevelt establish?
73 million
how many people will be added to the world's population by 2050
1000
how many small calories are in 1 big Calorie?
2600
how many timberwolves are in MN
34
how many total hotspots are there today?
500
how many years of coal do we have left?
57
how many years of natural gas do we have left?
40
how many years of oil do we have left?
10%
how much energy does it take to recycle one bottle to a new one?
1/3
how much of Europe died during the plague
65-95%
how much of all living organisms are made up of water?
0.01%
how much of hydrogen is deuterium?
99.99%
how much of hydrogen is protium?
trace
how much of hydrogen is tritium?
78%
how much of our atmosphere is made up of nitrogen?
21%
how much of our atmosphere is made up of oxygen?
85%
how much of our energy comes from burning fossil fuels?
5%
how much of our exhale is CO₂?
once per year
how often to trumpeter swans molt?
3
how old are trumpeter swans when they find their lifetime mate?
18 inches
how tall in a trumpeter swan"s nest?
european ship
how were rats brought to America?
ogallala
huge underground lake in the middle of the U.S.
within
humans grow from ________
H₃O
hydrodium formula
H⁺
if a solution is acidic, does it have more H⁺ or OH⁻?
OH⁻
if a solution is basic, does it have more H⁺ or OH⁻?
death
if homeostasis is not restored, what could occur?
warm
if jet streams are north, we get ______ weather
cold
if jet streams are south, we get _____ weather
gets higher
if the prey population gets higher, what happens to the predator population?
closed
if there is a cycle, it uses a ______ system
less
if there is a longer gestation period, will there be more or less babies?
more
if there is a shorter gestation period, will there be more or less babies?
water
if there were no plants or animals on earth, the _____ cycle would still happen.
CO₂
if we only breathe out 16% oxygen, what does the other 5% transfer into?
producer
if you are not a good consumer, you become a ________.
white water
if you see this, you can tell of a lake or river is getting a lot of oxygen
secondary succession
in an area after farming, burning, or some other land change
120
in order to burn fat, you keep your pulse below ___.
sugar
in order to get rid of running side aches, what can't you eat?
transpiration
increases with algae blooms
pH
indicates the acidity or basicity (alkaline) of a solution
invagination
infolding of cell sheet into embryo
data
information gathered by observations
adaptation
inherited characteristic that increases an organism's chance of survival
activation/transitional energy
initiate release of energy
experiment
investigating a phenomenon in a controlled setting to test a hypothesis
solutions
ions and small molecules (homogeneous)
DNA
is a double helix
anabolism
is dehydration synthesis anabolism or catabolism?
catabolism
is digestion anabolism or catabolism?
biotic
is food a biotic or abiotic factor?
RNA
is half a strand
catabolism
is hydrolysis anabolism or catabolism?
anabolism
is protein synthesis anabolism or catabolism?
lower
is the predator population lower or higher than the prey?
polar
is water polar or nonpolar?
C-14, C-12, protium, deuterium, tritium
isotope examples
his son
jacques gave and took back his company from this person
dehydration synthesis
joining two or more molecules together and removing water
eurasian carps
jump - produce mucus (mess fish)
poling
knocking rice into the boat
inert
lacking the ability or strength to move - inability to share (noble gases)
rainforest
land area that has the greatest biodiversity
suspension
larger molecules, settles out (heterogeneous)
k-strategist
larger organisms
greater
larger population = ____________ biodiversity
gama globulin
last resort to help immune system
water cycle
least dependent on biotic processes
nitrate
lightning + oxygen = ?
nitrates
lightning makes _______.
density-independent factors
limiting factor that does no have an influence on population
density-dependent factor
limiting factor that is directly related to having larger population
oils
liquid fat
r-strategist
live in a fluctuating environment
biomass
living matter at each trophic level
organization
living things arranged in an orderly way
energy
living things need sources of ________ to fuel their life functions
k-strategist
longer lifespans, fewer offspring, much care, longer gestation
radioactivity
losing a proton or neutron will cause what?
positive ion
lost an electron (cation)
higher
low genetic diversity = _________ chance of extinction
industrialized countries
lower birth rate, lower death rate (rectangular shaped)...towards zero population growth
messenger RNA
mRNA
messenger
mRNA is the "___________________" RNA.
help
mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA all _____ DNA
bile
made in your liver, stored in your bladder
air + meat = maggot
maggots example of abiogenesis
buffalo
major migrator that the Indians used to follow
willow
makes aspirin
iron
makes hemoglobin and blood cells
willow, black sampson
makes painkillers
top
mammals at the ____ of the food chain are the ones who become extinct first
polysaccharides
many sugars
grass
marshes have what plant in them?
saturated solutions
maximize the amount of solute that can dissolve in a solvent
zoa
means "animals"
gene-
means "beginning"
cyto
means "cell"
morph
means "change shape"
eco
means "environment"
proto
means "first"
devo
means "fish"
vaga
means "fold"
equicitum
means "horse tail"
equi
means "horse"
anthro
means "human fossil"
photo
means "light"
saurus
means "lizard"
mesozoic
means "middle"
dynamic
means "motion"
karyotics
means "nucleus"
plankton
means "plant-like"
-sis
means "process of"
sis
means "process"
synthe
means "put together"
fyto
means "small"
metastasis
means "spread'
stasis
means "state"
homeo
means "steady"
-ology
means "study of"
dino
means "terrible"
histo
means "tissue"
sapien
means "wisdom"
quantitative data
measurable data using numbers
extinction
member of a species dies off (33-66% of all organisms have gone extinct)
a nucleus
microbiology cells don't have what?
dry
middle grasslands are ___ because they aren't in the Gulf's path
buffers
mixtures that can react with acids or bases to keep the pH within a particular range
gulf of mexico
moisture travels north from where?
polar molecules
molecules with unequal distribution of charges
amino acids
monomers are _____ ____
endemic species
more susceptible to background extinction
k-strategist
more susceptible to extinction
polyunsaturated fats
more than one double bond in a fat
leopard frog
most common frog at tamarac
protium
most common hydrogen isotope
heat
most energy is given off in what form?
one cell
most organisms begin as what?
primates
most vulnerable to extinction
domed
mounds that contain actual bodies in the fetal position
desert
mountains block water flow on one side, so there is usually a _______ on the other side
kinetic energy
movement of energy
immigration
moving into an area
emigration
moving out of an area
ecological footprint
much larger in developed country
linear proteins
muscles, tendons, ligaments, cartilage
heterotrophs
must eat a producer to do cell respiration and have movement
nucleotides
name for the building blocks of nucleic acids
high heat capacity, high heat of evaporation, solvent, cohesion/adhesion, expansion
name the properties of water
digestive, circulatory, nervous, endocrine, muscular, skeletal, respiratory, reproductive, immune, excretory, integumentary
name the systems of the body (know 9 of them)
boundary waters
national park in MN
enzymes and water
needed to make protiens
electron
negative charge, 0 AMU
anion
negative ion
electrons
negatively charged particles that are located outside of the nucleus
job
niche is the organism's "____" within its habitat
break down organisms
niche of a decomposer
photosynthesis
niche of a plant
clean up
niche of a scavenger
control environment
niche of humans
eating
nitrogen is obtained by animals by _______.
soil
nitrogen is obtained by plants by _____.
neutron
no charge, 1 AMU
flooding
no recharge zones can cause what?
deregulation
no regulations based on air quality
co-enzymes
non protein catalysts
nutrients
not a lot of this in tropical rainforest soil
forest succession
occurs as one community of plant species replaces another
dependent variable
occurs as the result of the independent variable
june 21st
on what day of the year is the sun closest to us?
monounsaturated fats
one double bond in a fat
open system
one in which energy can be transferred between the system and its surroundings
element
one or more of the same atoms
closed system
one that cannot transfer energy to its surroundings
asexual
only 1 parent is needed, works well in environmental conditions do not change
testosterone
only advantage men have over women (haha)
laverne
only county in MN that doesn't have a lake
endemic species
only found in specific locations
nitrogen cycle
only short term cycle
glucose
only sugar you can use to make ATPS
noncellular
organic molecules (coacervates and microspheres) - no cells
respond
organisms ___________ to the environment
ecosystem
organisms that share biotic and abiotic factors
transgenic
organisms with genes from 2 different species
brain, spinal cord
organs that are folded in the back during evagination
lungs, heart
organs that are folded in the front during invagination
fish oil
origin of omega-3
basic
our blood is slightly _______.
bald eagle
our national bird
turkey
our national bird, the bald eagle, was almost beaten out by what other bird?
jetstreams
our weather depends on what?
valence shell
outer shell - most important electrons
hares, mice
owl diet
10
owls live in ___ year cycles
cannot
oxygen ______ be stored in the body (can or cannot)
O₃
ozone layer
acids
pH 1-6
bases
pH 8-14
7.4
pH level of our blood
neutral
pH of 7
base
pH over 7, cleaning products
hydronium number
pH refers to ...
acid
pH under 7, foods
loosen the hulls, kills germs
parching does what 2 thing to the rice?
protons and neutrons
particles inside the nucleus
neutrons
particles that have no charge
protons and neutrons
parts of the atom that have mass
moss
peat came from ...
biologists
people who study biology are called _____.
birds, rabbits
peregrine falcon diet
steroid
performance enhancing drug
bias
personal opinion
carcinogen
petroleum in water causes what?
wild turkeys
pheasants lay eggs in the who's nest?
lichen, moss
pioneer organism examples
mixtures
placed together physically not chemically, can be separated by physical means, ha properties of each substance present, no chemical action involved or energy charge
elodea
plant like organism found in aquariums
tips
plants grow from their ______
anhydrous spill
poisonous, explosive spill
temperature, rainfall, sun, humidity, soil
population ranges based on abiotic factors
predators, competitors, parasites
population ranges based on biotic factors
proton
positive charge, 1 AMU, electronegativity (attract more electrons than any other atom)
cation
positive ion
1.248 billion years
potassium-40 argon halflife
corridor system
prevent animals from crossing roads
lactic acid
prevents muscles from repairing themselves
rat poison
prevents strokes and heart attacks
herbivores, carnivores
primary consumers
canopy layer
primary layer (95 - 100' tall)
plants
primary producers are ______.
pioneer organism
primary succession starts with what?
kuru
prion virus in africa
gout
problem in humans if your blood is too acidic
excretion
process by which metabolic wastes are eliminated from the body
homeostasis
process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment to maintain life
pedogenesis
process of soil formation
anaerobic
process that does not require oxygen
aerobic
process that requires oxygen
glycogen
produced in the liver and stored in the liver and muscles - splits into glucose molecules
glucose
produces ATPs
nucleus
prokaryotes have no _________
countershading
protective coloration of some animals in which parts normally in shadow are light and those exposed to the sky are dark
enyzmes
protein catalysts
prion
protein particles that cause disease
carbohydrates
provide quick energy (pulse over 120)
fats
provide slow energy (pulse below 120)
clumped
provides additional safety by confusing predators
compound
pure substance formed when two or more different elements combine
harebell
purple flower
reproductive patterns
r-strategists and k-strategists
ribosomal RNA
rRNA
ribosomal
rRNA is the "______________" RNA
less biodiversity
raising ocean water makes islands smaller... which causes what?
brownian movement
random movement/bumping of particles
exponential phase
rapid growth period
peregrine falcon
raptor restored in Minnesota in 1982
lipids
ratio of hydrogen to oxygen is greater than 2 to 1
litmus paper
red and blue paper to test pH
sumac
red bushes
hormones
regulate growth and maturity
commensalism
relationship between two organisms in which one organism benefits and the other is unaffected
parasitism
relationship between two species of plants or animals in which one benefits at the expense of the other
reintroduction programs
release organisms into an area where the species once lived
ATPs
releasing _____ pays off the body when you need it
egestion
removal of undigested waste (feces)
symbol
representation of atoms
formula
representation of molecules
budding
reproduction that happens in eukaryotes
post-reproductive
reproductive, pre-reproductive, or post-reproductive?
pre-reproductive
reproductive, pre-reproductive, or post-reproductive?
reproductive
reproductive, pre-reproductive, or post-reproductive?
endothermic
requires heat
teosinte
resistant to viral diseases in corn
variety, new species
results of a genetic drift
steroid
ringed fat
buoyant
salt allows you to be more ________.
isomers
same empirical formula, different structural formula
population
same species, same area, same time
coconut oil, palm oil, ice cream, cheese, butter, chocolate
saturated fats examples
creatine phosphate
scientific name for CP
beast and hay
scientists usually incorporated these 2 ingredients into their broth
bioengineering
scientists who work in the field of _____ often research cells, DNA, and living systems to discover new medical treatments.
floating aquatic vegetation
second stage of pond
deciduous trees
secondary succession usually leads into what?
deciduous tree stage
seventh stage of pond
covalent bonds
sharing of electrons "organic"
cartilage
shock absorber
r-strategist
short life span, many offspring, little care of young (expected no energy)
sumac, buckthorn
shrub stage examples
zinc
shuts down virus reproduction
yawning, fast breathing
signs of loss of oxygen
both asexual reproduction
similarity between binary fission and budding
monosaccharides
simple sugar molecules
conifer tree stage
sixth stage of pond
lag phase
slow growth period
r-strategist
small organisms (insects)
zooplankton
small, animal-like protozoa
phytoplankton
small, plant-like organism
insulin
smallest protein in your body
loons
solid bones, young are protected and kept warm by riding on the back of adults
buffers
solution that can resist pH change - makes pH stable/neutral
owls
some exhibit a 10 year high and low cycle due to food availability
denature
some scientists believed that when you boiled water you ___________ it
biological
species definition: can interbreed and makes fertile offspring
morphology
species definition: characteristics are the same (look alike)
abiogenesis
spontaneous generation (development of life from lifeless matter)
invasive species
spread into new areas
neutral ion
stable (electrons = protons)
submerged plants, floating aquatic vegetation, swamp stage, grass stage, shrub stage, conifer tree stage, deciduous tree stage
stages of a pond
russians
started using steroids in 1950s
usa
started using steroids in 1960s
south carolina
state where pelican island is located
define the problem
step 1 of the scientific method
gather information
step 2 of the scientific method
form a hypothesis
step 3 of the scientific method
conduct the experiment
step 4 of the scientific method
analyze data
step 5 of the scientific method
report conclusions
step 6 of the scientific method
trees
store bought sponges come from what?
potential energy
stored energy
gene
strand of DNA
gene
strand of DNA linked by chromosomes
fluorine
strengthens teeth
jane goodhall
studied chimpanzees for a long time in Tanzania, Africa
zoology
study of animals
ornithology
study of birds
cytology
study of cells
taxonomy
study of classification
ecology
study of earth and its relationships to life
morphology
study of external structure
ichthyology
study of fish
physics
study of forces, energy, matter, motion, heat
physiology
study of function
mycology
study of fungi
genetics
study of genes made from DNA
pathology
study of infectious diseases
anatomy
study of internal structure
botany
study of plants
microbiology
study of small life
ecology
study of the earth or environment
histology
study of tissues
virology
study of viruses
paleontology
study using fossil records
fytoplankton, milfoil, elodea
submerged plant stage examples
solvent
substance in which another substance is dissolved
solvent
substance in which something is dissolved in
solute
substance that dissolves in solvent
acids
substances that release hydrogen ions when dissolved in water
bases
substances that release hydroxide ions when dissolved in water
enzyme
substrate specific (effected by ph and temperature) "key"
chemical
sun energy is converted into ________ energy
linear
sunlight is ______.
source
sunlight is the ultimate _____ of energy
flow of energy
sunlight is the ultimate source of energy for all organisms and drives all the cycles
john needham (1745)
supported abiogenesis, conducted an experiment using broth "gravy"
lazaro spallanzani (1770)
supported the "new" theory of abiogenesis, boiled broth at room temperature and had a tighter seal on the flask
rushes, horsetails, cattails, prairie cord grass
swamp stage examples
trees
swamps have what plant in them?
linear
symbolic mound, may contain artifacts of individuals honored
true
t or f: living bacteria can reproduce with nonliving bacteria
transfer RNA
tRNA
transfer
tRNA is the "_________________" RNA
gurdling
take all the bark off the tamarac tree
eurasian watermilfoil
take food away from fish by replacing it
chlorine
taken with salt to help nerve impulses
saturated fats
tall chains have a single bond between carbon and hydrogen
shallow
tamarac has __________ lakes
indian mounds
tamarac has undamaged what?
porcupine
tamarac tree major enemy
hypothesis
testable explanation of a situation
bacteria
the #1 decomposer in the world
diahhrea
the #1 killer of children
divers, dabblers
the 2 characteristics/types of ducks
souix, anishinabe
the 2 groups that were in the Tamarac region
holding, flash
the 2 methods of pasteurization
photosynthesis, cellular respiration
the 2 parts of the carbon cycle
photosynthesis, chemosynthesis
the 2 subgroups of autotrophs
difference in the speed of atoms, difference in the space between atoms
the 2 things the help determine what state of matter it is
predation, disease, parasites, competition
the 4 density-dependent factors
poling, parching, jigging, winnowing
the 4 steps of ricing (in order)
plastic
the Jarvik-7 was first made out of what?
protein
the Jarvik-7 was not rejected because it had no _________ for your immune system to react to
loon
the MN state bird is the what?
nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium
the NPK number on a fertilizer bag is the percentage of what 3 elements?
seed
the Native Americans wanted which specific part of the rice?
chippewa
the Sioux were driven out by who?
growth
the addition of mass, new cells, and new structures to organisms
carbon
the air is warmer when _______ is in the air
calorie
the amount of energy needed to raise 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius at sea level
population ranges
the area that is occupied by an organism
1.83
the avg amount of children to a family in the U.S.
pollution
the big extinction period that we're currently in was started in the early 1900s because the industrial revolution because of what?
more
the bigger the object, the more or less gravity?
an acre
the biggest fungi known is how big?
wind
the bonsai tree has its twisted look because of what?
catabolism
the breaking down reaction of energy
atoms
the building blocks of matter
biosynthesis
the building of organic molecules by living organisms
anabolism
the building up reactions for energy
nucleus
the center of the atom
thorns
the characteristic that savanna trees have and grassland trees do not have
covalent bond
the chemical bond that forms when electrons are shared
january
the coldest month
absolute zero
the coldest temperature possible
tuskeegee university
the college that george washington carver went to
brush wolf
the coyote is also known as the what?
more
the easier things dissociate... the more/less electric current?
farming, burn areas
the edge effect is a result of what 2 things?
glucose
the end product of photosynthesis and chemosynthesis
ATP
the energy unit in your body
gregor mendel
the father of genetics - experimented with pea plants
forensics
the field of study that applies science to matters of legal interest
pelican island
the first bird reserve
herbivores
the first dinosaurs to arrive
yellowstone
the first national park
pelican island
the first national wildlife refuge
blue-green algae
the first organism to make food using photosynthesis
wine
the first thing pasteurized by louis pasteur due to bacteria
glucose
the form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy
survival
the greater the gene pool, the greater chance of ___________.
tuberculosis
the illness that unpasteurized milk caused
epidemic
the infection of a large population by a disease
whaling
the killing of whales
skin
the largest organ
fungus
the largest organism alive
itasca
the largest red and white pines are located where?
lungs
the last thing developed in the womb is your ______
fly
the leading disease causer
cells, tissue, organs, systems, organism
the levels of organization
wild rice
the main crop at Tamarac
trumpeter swan
the major animal transported in tamarac
food, waste, area to live
the major three variables of survival
pH
the measure of concentration of H+ in a solution
activation energy
the minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction
humidity
the moisture in the air
water
the most abundant inorganic compound
bacteria
the most common organism in the world
predation
the most common relationship in the food chain
grasslands
the most fertile biomes
island ecosystems
the most vulnerable ecosystem to damage
transduction
the movement of nuclear material from one cell to another
mass
the number of atoms in something
population density
the number of organisms per unit area
serendipity
the occurrence of accidental or unexpected but fortunate results
independent variable
the one factor that can be changed in a controlled experiment; is the factor tested and affects the experiment outcome
sugar
the only thing that the wrungs of DNA are attached to
denitrification
the opposite of nitrogen fixation
host
the organism being harmed in parasitism
evagination
the outward folding of the cell sheet
react
the periodic table is based on how the elements ______.
RNA, DNA
the phosphorus cycle includes which 2 nucleic acids?
conjugation
the physical connection between the 2 parents during sexual reproduction
ethics
the principles of right and wrong that guide an individual in making decisions
chemical reaction
the process by which or groups of atoms in substances are reorganized into different substances
cell specialization
the process in which cells develop in different ways to perform different tasks
development
the process of natural changes that take place during the life of an organism
inference
the processes of combining what you know with what you have learned to draw logical conclusions
reproduction
the production of offspring
subject it to plants
the quickest way to clean something
inorganic compounds
the raw materials of life
up
the reproduction age has gone ___ in the past years
pink tea rose
the roses we have today are all from what?
jelly fish
the second most primitive animal (after sponge) is what?
topography
the shape of the land (land formation)
dissociation
the splitting of a molecule into smaller molecules, atoms, or ions, especially by a reversible process
reactants
the starting substances in a chemical reaction
population dynamics
the study of how complex interactions between biotic and abiotic factors influence population
demography
the study of human population trends (size, density, distribution, growth, migration, birth, and death rates... predicts human population)
solute
the substance that is dissolved in a solvent
products
the substances that are formed by the chemical change
south
the sun is never directly above us, it is always slightly ______ of us
adhesion
the tendency of non similar particles to stick to one another
cohesion
the tendency of similar particles to stick to one another
punctuated equilibrium
the theory that species evolve during short periods of rapid change (very fast)
10%
the trophic level exchange rate
gene expression
the turning on or off of specific genes
tundra and desert
the two biomes with the least amount of precipitation
Mississippian, Pennsylvanian
the two sub periods of the carboniferous period
august
the warmest month
wet, warm
the west coast is _____ and _____
biogenesis
theory of life from life (living from living)
gradualism
theory that everything happens slowly
heat
thermal energy in transfer from one body of matter to another
biosphere
thin layer of earth and its atmosphere that supports life
tropical rainforest
things grow quickly in what biome?
swamp stage
third stage of pond
acid-base
this is a special kind of double displacement reaction when an acid and a base react with one another. the H⁺ ion in the acid reacts with the OH⁻ ion in the base, causing the formation of water ... generally, the product of this reaction is some ionic salt and water.
single displacement
this is when one element trades places with another element in a compound. these reactions come in the general form of: A + BC → AC + B.
double displacement
this is when the anions and cations of two different molecules switch places, forming two entirely different compounds. these reactions come in the general form of: AB + CD → AD + CB
biotechnology, mechanical
those who work in _____ might study living systems in order to design _____ devices such as artificial limbs.
winnowing
throwing the rice into the air and letting the hulls fly away
yellowstone
timberwolves were brought from Canada to where?
paleozoic
time before the dinosaurs
hydrogen (H)
to be an acid, you have to have a _______ in the front.
emulsify
to break down fats (job of bile)
drylab
to make up results
emergent layer
top layer (tallest trees - up to 230', diameter of 20')
manchester, england
town with a big part in the industrial evolution
purple loosestrife
toxic purple flower that out competes all of the other vegetation - take away producers in the ecosystem
popcorn, french fries, fish sticks, frosting, pastries
trans fats examples
chemistry
transformation of matter, structure, composition, properties, atomic and molecular levels
pasteurization
treating a substance with heat to kill or slow the growth of pathogens
bur oak
tree that doesn't burn easily
understory
trees and shrubs (up to 55' high)
bur oak
trees planted to prevent wild fire
conifers
trees that are most adjusted to higher areas
deciduous
trees that lose their leaves
true
true/false: you can feel acids
false
true/false: you can feel bases
noise
trumpeter swan gets is name for what?
coyotes, snapping turtles, mink, otters, eagles, owls, raccoons
trumpeter swans predators
molecule
two or more atoms bonded together
compound
two or more different atoms bonded together
acidity
ulcers are causes by __________
constant
under normal conditions, remains fixed during and experiment
protozoans
unicellular, animal-like organisms
Kcal
unit of heat energy
water
universal solvent
704 million years
uranium-235 halflife
4.47 billion years
uranium-238 halflife
conserve
use - but lower usage
sodium-potassium pump
used to carry sodium and potassium in and out of cells
potassium-40
used to date fossils up to 1.26 billion years old and to separate eras
uranium-238
used to date rocks
phospholipids
used to make a cell membrane1
sabertooth tiger
uses teeth to kill weak animals
industrialized country
uses the most natural resources
metric system
uses units with divisions that are powers of ten
sustainable use
using resources that can be recycled, preserved, or by lowering usage
biodiversity
variety of life in a given area
sexual reproduction
variety using 2 parents
colloid
very large molecules or groups of molecules (heterogeneous)
subcellular
virus (came from cells) - prion and viroid derived from cells
20
viruses reproduce every ____ minutes
co-enzymes
vitamin A in kreb's cycle
chinook winds
warm winds that come from the east coast and cool as they climb western mountains, but warm as they fall back down the other side
coral reefs
water area that has the greatest biodiversity
ground water
water below the soil
hydrophobic
water fearing
hydrophilic
water loving
zoo plankton
water protozoan
surface water
water that is above the ground and more polluted
decomposition
water, carbon, and nitrogen are placed back into the atmosphere from this process (fossil fuels) ... peat, coal, gas
10%
we only use ___ of the energy we take in.
attentuated
weakened organism
hydrogen bond
weakest bond in the body
adapt
weeds are able to grow everywhere because of their ability to _______.
ripping
what action can regenerate skin?
sharing site
what an atom takes/gives away
substrate
what an enzyme works on "lock"
population limiting factors
what an organism requires (something you need to survive)
snails
what animal cleans algae?
starfish
what animal do we associate with regeneration?
bald eagle, brown pelican, California condor
what animals did DDT effect the most?
muscle movement, impulses in nerves, sodium-potassium pumps, release body heat, digestion/respiration/gas exhange
what are ATPs used for?
flooding of fields, burning of fields, building of nesting houses, planting of crops, leaving wild rice behind, licensing of hunting areas
what are some things that are done to assist the waterfowl in the refuge?
convection currents
what are storms built by?
golf courses
what are usually put in chaparral areas?
industrialized
what areas is acid rain found in?
temperate grassland
what biome is ND?
hydrogen bonds
what bonds are in DNA?
consumers
what came first: producers or consumers?
rats
what caused the bubonic plague?
limiting factors
what causes carrying capacity
bile
what causes the brown color in feces?
black
what color does anything with carbon turn when its burned?
undeveloped country
what country represents this shape?
j curve
what curve is demonstrated by this graph?
s curve
what curve is demonstrated by this graph?
bubonic plague
what do fleas carry?
white pines
what do they harvest at Tamarac?
dipeptide
what do you get when 2 amino acids are linked
insulin
what do you make when you eat a carb?
fats
what do you store when you make insulin?
life
what does a bonsai tree represent?
thymine
what does adenine always bond with in DNA structure?
atmospheric
what does an upwards arrow next to a gas mean? (ex. O₂↑)
shells
what does calcium carbonate come from?
guanine
what does cytosine always bond with in DNA structure?
cytosine
what does guanine always bond with in DNA structure?
organic material
what does oxidation break down?
amino acids
what does tRNA haul?
houses of the dead
what does tchibemagic mean?
adenine
what does thymine always bond with in DNA structure?
a decrease in the amount of plankton
what event caused the chain of events off the coast of alaska that caused the kelp forests to disappear?
saliva
what fluid in our body carries rabies?
negro college fund
what fund did george washington carver establish?
logistic
what growth model deals with carrying capacity?
growth
what happens during tri 1 of a pregnancy?
development
what happens during tri 2 of a pregnancy?
growth
what happens during tri 3 of a pregnancy?
glaciers
what hold the most fresh water?
adanine
what is "A" in the base pair of DNA
cytosine
what is "C" in the base pair of DNA
guanine
what is "G" in the base pair of DNA
thymine
what is "T" in the base pair of DNA
aqueous
what is (aq)?
liquid
what is (l)?
solid
what is (s)?
creatine phosphate
what is CP?
8 feet
what is a trumpeter swan's wingspan?
7.4
what is blood pH level?
atomic mass
what is different in an isotope?
omega-3
what is in some polyunsaturated fats that makes them good?
respiration
what is oxidation necessary for?
plasma
what is oxygen carried through?
hydrophobic
what is the lipid tail?
june 21st
what is the longest day of the year (summer solstice)?
nitrogen
what is the most abundant gas in our atmosphere?
hydrophillic
what is the phosphate head?
oxygen
what is the second most abundant gas in our atmosphere?
december 21st
what is the shortest day of the year (winter solstice)?
second wind
what is the transition from anaerobic to aerobic energy called?
glucose
what is used during the 3rd 3 seconds of the flight response?
glycogen
what is used during the 4th 3 seconds of the flight response?
ATP
what is used during the first 3 seconds of the flight response?
CP
what is used during the second 3 seconds of the flight response
southern ape
what kind of animal was Lucy
capsulated
what kind of bacteria is nearly impossible to kill?
empirical (molecular)
what kind of formula is this?
structural
what kind of formula is this?
exponential
what kind of growth model is this?
logistic
what kind of growth model is this?
ball and stick
what kind of model is this?
space filling
what kind of model is this?
d
what orbital shape is this?
p
what orbital shape is this?
s
what orbital shape is this?
sponge
what organism forms gemmules?
flash method
what pasteurization method was used for milk
1%
what percent does a human's metabolism decrease by every year?
4
what shell controls what the element does? (its traits)
left
what side of the periodic table to positive ions form on?
solid
what state are saturated fats in at room temperature?
gas
what state of matter is this?
liquid
what state of matter is this?
solid
what state of matter is this?
carbohydrates
what substrates break down into
corn and sugarbeets
what takes nitrogen out of the soil?
carrying capacity
what the area can hold (stabilizes population)
september
what time of year do they harvest wild rice?
mammals
what took over after the dinosaurs died out?
dryness, wind
what two factors make it hard for trees to survive atop mountains?
clumped
what type of dispersion is this?
random
what type of dispersion is this?
uniform
what type of dispersion is this?
teepees, animal hide
what were the Native Americans' homes called in the spring/summer and what were they made of?
wig wams, birch bark
what were the Native Americans' homes called in the winter and what were they made of?
1872
what year was Yellowstone established
1928
what year was penicillin discovered?
1982
what year was the Jarvik-7 first used
yes
when a bean plant produces seeds in long pods, does it describe a process of reproduction?
no
when a sea star produces a new arm after losing one to a predator, does it describe a process of reproduction?
yes
when an amoeba divides in half, does it describe a process of reproduction?
detritus
when animals and plants die
carbon dioxide
when bread rises it gives off what?
death rate
when carrying capacity is met, what will increase?
cancer
when cells do not work
1750s
when did the industrial revolution begin
march-may
when do trumpeter swans nest?
algae blooms
when fertilizers run off into lakes, they cause _____ _____.
uracil
when making RNA, what replaces thymine?
no
when new leaves appear on a tree in the spring, does it describe a process of reproduction?
succession
when one plant or organism prepares the ground for the next stage of plant/organism
yes
when pollen grains are released from a flower, does it describe a process of reproduction?
runoff
when precipitation travels to areas called watershed
biomagnification
when something starts at the bottom of the food chain and works it s way up through who eats it (DDT)
cretatious-tertiary
when the asteroid hit, 3rd mass extinction of all time ... wiped out the dinosaurs
nonsense (cancer cell)
when the order of amino acids doesn't work
1903
when was pelican island established?
percolation
when water flows back up through the soil
infiltration
when water on the ground surface enters the soil
16%
when you breathe out air, what percent of it is oxygen?
energy
when you make and break bonds, you get what?
disease
when you're in a larger group, you have a greater chance of getting __________ ... (ex. bubonic plague effecting regions more densely populated)
watershed
where all the water in the area eventually flows
new york
where are eladic acids (trans fats) illegal?
sunflowers and safflower oil
where are omega-3s found?
animals
where are saturated fats found?
florida, washington
where are the 2 rainforests in continental U.S. located?
plants
where are unsaturated fats found?
mutualism
where both organisms benefit
nebraska
where camels originated
mitchondria
where cellular respiration takes place
germany
where did steroids originate?
forest, prairie, mountains, happy hunting ground
where did the Native Americans believe they went after death? (in order)
parents
where do trumpeter swan stay over the winter?
wetland areas
where do trumpeter swans live?
central nervous system
where does rabies attack specifically?
biosphere
where everything lives
fallopian tubes
where fertilization takes place
liver and muscles
where is glucose stored?
atmosphere
where is most of the water in the world stored?
chloroplasts
where photosynthesis takes place
active site
where the enzyme and substrate mesh "keyhole"
coney island
where the first incubator was used
edge effect
where the forest meets the grassland
mountain range
where there's a desert, there's a what?
recharge zone
where water goes into the ground and enters an aquifer
temperate grassland
where we live
united states
where were the Chippewa from?
canada
where were the Ojibway from?
follows
wherever the prey goes in population, the predator ______________.
taiga
which biome would you expect to find in cool to cold conditions with a medium amount of moisture?
chemosynthesis
which came first: photosynthesis or chemosynthesis?
north
which direction does the red river flow?
B
which habitat has the greatest impact due to edge effects?
A
which habitat naturally supports the greater amount of biodiversity?
photosynthesis
which is more efficient: chemosynthesis of photosynthesis?
background extinction
which is not a way in which species lose their habitat? (background extinction, destruction, disruption, pollution)
united states
which location would you expect to find greater biodiversity? (Canada, Costa Rica, Mexico, United States)
food
which represents an indirect economic value of biodiversity? (food, clothing, flood protection, medicines)
ecosystem diversity
which term best describes this collection of locations: a forest, a freshwater lake, an estuary, and a prairie? (ecosystem diversity, extinction, genetic diversity, species diversity)
large predators, migratory animals
who does habitat fragmentation effect the most?
theodore roosevelt
who established pelican island?
mammals
who has suffered the most in the latest mass extinction?
germans
who invented steroids?
sharing sites
why are carbon molecules symmetrical?
common function
why do cells form tissues?
hemoglobin
why does urine get a reddish tint after awhile?
Kreb's cycle
why is CO₂ released in cell respiration?
shelter, regrowth, food
why is it important for trees to be removed?
blue light is faster than others
why is the sky blue?
it was the 7th model
why the number 7 in jarvik-7?
winds
will either help or detract from organisms living there
good berry, wild rice
words for "mahnomen" of "manoomen"
greenpeace
work to stop whalers
lactate
workout that helps lactic acid buildup, creating buffers
a lactate
workout that prevents lactic acid buildup
duckweed
worst, smallest vascular plant
C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O
write the overall chemical equation for cellular respiration
glucose plus oxygen yields carbon dioxide plus water
write the overall chemical equation for cellular respiration in WORDS
6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
write the overall chemical equation for photosynthesis
carbon dioxide plus water yields glucose plus oxygen
write the overall chemical equation for photosynthesis in WORDS
no
yes/no: do you inhale nitrogen?
color
you can tell what a soil has been through by it's _______.
protein
you get nitrogen by eating what specifically?
cells
you have to have _____ to be a living organism
energy
you never go above 4 trophic levels because you run out of what?
1. carbs 2. fats 3. proteins
your body fuel order
genetic code
your inheritance
