biology: ch 1 - 7 (semester 1 final)

unicellular

"1 cell" bacteria, protozoa (ameba, paramecia, euglena)

glucose

"blood sugar"

cellulite

"cottage cheese" fat

fructose

"fruit sugar"

wetlands

"holding tank" for your water

protoplasm

"living liquid" - materials suspended or floating in water

maltose

"malt sugar"

lactose

"milk sugar"

autotrophs

"producers"

sugar

"saccharide" or saccharin:

galactose

"simple milk sugar"

sucrose

"table sugar"

jigging

"thrashing" which separates hulls

atomic mass

# of protons + # of neutrons

atomic number

# of protons in an atom

bird extinction

(81%) has occurred on islands (Dodo bird)

sugar

-ose means ...

protein

1 gene controls 1 _________

trait

1 protein that is controlled by 1 gene controls 1 what?

energy transfer

10% retention (90% loss)

protein

15% of body weight

1

1mm equals how many CC?

organism

1st level of ecological organization

primary consumers

1st level of the food web

photosynthesis

1st step of the carbon cycle

precipitation

1st step of the water cycle

Jarvik 7 artificial heart

1st used in 1982, developed by Robert Jarvik

isotopes

2 atoms of the same element with the same atomic number but a different atomic mass

loon, trumpeter swan

2 birds that stay with their mates forever

wine, milk

2 drinks that pasteurization was used for

polymers and monomers

2 macromolecules

sugar beets and sugarcane

2 main sources of our sucrose (table sugar)

disaccharides

2 sugars

anabolism and catabolism

2 types of buffers

empirical (molecular), structural

2 types of formulas

ball and stick, space filling

2 types of models

cortico and anabolic

2 types of steroids

coldfronts, grazing altitudes

2 ways that air cools

oxygen

21% of all atmospheric gases

permian-triassic

2nd greatest mass extinction of all time .. 75-85% of all creatures die out

population

2nd level of ecological organization

secondary consumers

2nd level of the food web

cellular respiration

2nd step of the carbon cycle

runoff

2nd step of the water cycle

uniform, clumped, random

3 classes of disperson

monomers (lipids)

3 fatty acids (triglycerides) + glycerol

protium, deuterium, tritium

3 isotopes of hydrogen

war, famine, disease

3 major causes of death

phosphate, sugar, nitrogen base

3 nucleotides (building blocks)

who is the predator, who is the prey, how do they work together

3 population characteristics

cygnets, 5 weeks old, adulthood

3 stages of trumpeter swan dieting

substrate, active site, enzyme

3 things involved in the lock and key theory

messenger, transfer, ribosomal

3 types of RNA

red, white, jack

3 types of pine trees

sand, silt, clay

3 types of soil

biological community

3rd level of ecological organization

tertiary consumers

3rd level of the food web

decomposition

3rd step of the carbon cycle

percolation

3rd step of the water cycle

liquid, gas, solid, plasma

4 states of matter

ecosystem

4th level of ecological organization

quaternary consumers

4th level of the food web

combustion

4th step of the carbon cycle

infiltration

4th step of the water cycle

carnivorous

5 weeks old trumpeter swan diet

biome

5th level of ecological organization

formation of carbonates

5th step of the carbon cycle

surface/ground water (aquifers)

5th step of the water cycle

combustion, synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement, acid-base

6 types of reactions

biosphere

6th level of ecological organization

weathering, erosion, sedimentary rocks

6th step of the carbon cycle

rain garden (recharge zone)

6th step of the water cycle

algae blooms remove carbon from water

7th step of the carbon cycle

evaporation

7th step of the water cycle

condensation

8th step of the water cycle

late ordovician

90% of all creatures on earth go extinct .. greatest mass extinction of all time

europeans

99% of the virgin trees are gone ever since who showed up?

atomic mass unit

AMU

adenosine triphosphate

ATP scientific name

glucose

ATPs come out of _______.

carbohydrates and fats

C, H, O

protiens

C, H, O, N

nucleic acids (dna and rna)

C, H, O, N, P

chlorophyll

C, H, O, N, P, Mg

CITES

Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species

deoxyribonucleic acid

DNA scientific name

deoxyribonucleic acid

DNA stands for..

preserve

DO NOT use

genetically modified organisms

GMOs

SI

International System of Units

bonsai tree

Japanese tree found on top of mountains

ocean

Native Americans believed that this meant "eternal life"

3

Native Americans believed that your spirit stays in your body for how many days after death?

ribonucleic acid

RNA specific name

ribonucleic acid

RNA stands for...

environmental

_____ biologists work to prevent plants and animals from becoming extinct.

glucose

_____ controls energy in your body

species diversity

_________ ________ is the number of different species and the relative abundance of each species in a biological community

ecosystem diversity

_________ _________ refers to the variety of ecosystems that are present in the biosphere

stimulus

___________ leads to response

extinction

___________ of a species occurs when the last member of the species dies

combustion

a ________ reaction is when oxygen combines with another compound to form water and carbon dioxide. these reactions are exothermic, which means they produce heat. an example of this kind of reaction is the burning of nathalene.

synthesis

a ________ reaction is when two or more simple compounds combine to form a more complicated one. these reactions come in the general form of: A + B → AB

decomposition

a _________ reaction is the opposite of a synthesis reaction - a complex molecule breaks down to make simpler ones. this comes in the general form of: AB → A + B.

climate, inhabitants

a biome is based on two things, what are they?

white blood cell

a blood cell that fights disease, memory cell

science

a body of knowledge based on the study of nature

carbon dioxide

a by product of cell respiration

genetic drift

a change in gene pool -- drifting from each other

ion

a charged atom

mixture

a combination of two or more pure substances in which each pure substance retains its individual chemical properties

molecule

a compound in which the atoms are held together by covalent bonds

theodore roosevelt

a conservationist who established 5 national parks, 51 bird reserves, 10 national forests, and 18 national monuments by setting aside 230 million acres of land

observation

a direct method of gathering information in an orderly way

meadow

a field of grass or wildflowers, water dried up

binary fission

a form of asexual reproduction that splits cells into 2 equal parts

empirical formula

a formula giving the proportions of the elements present in a compound but not the actual numbers or arrangement of atoms

colonial

a group of cells that reproduce but don't work together (green algae, volvox)

multicellular

a group of cells that work together for a common function

species

a group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring

safety symbol

a logo designed to alert you about a specific danger

solution

a mixture that has a uniform composition throughout (homogeneous)

diatomic molecule

a molecule containing only two atoms

viroid

a plant pathogen composed of molecules of naked, circular RNA several hundred nucleotides long

conservation of energy

a principle stating that energy cannot be created or destroyed

secretion

a process by which substances are produced and discharged from a cell, gland, or organ for a particular function in the organism or for excretion

peer review

a process by which the procedures and results of an experiment are evaluated by other scientists who are in the same field or who are conducting similar research

element

a pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by physical or chemical means

carbon dioxide

a reactant in photosynthesis

response

a reaction to a stimulus

spore

a reproductive cell with a hard, thick protective coating

scientific method

a series of steps followed to solve problems including collecting data, formulating a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis, and stating conclusions

van der waals forces

a slight attraction that develops between the oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules

primordial soup

a solution rich in organic compounds in the primitive oceans of the earth, from which life is hypothesized to have originated

postulate

a statement that is accepted as true without proof, used to prove something

catalyst

a substance that lowers the activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction

virus

a tiny, nonliving particle that invades and then reproduces inside a living cell

hydrogen bond

a weak interaction involving a hydrogen atom and a fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen atom

energy

ability to do work

territory

ability to move is based on ___________.

irritability

ability to respond to a stimulus

inquisitive

able to ask questions

west to east

above the equator, what direction does rain travel?

mass extinction

accelerated rate of extinction brought on by natural disasters or man

law

accepted to be a true and definitive statement

pH

acidity levels

air and water

active principles of abiogenesis

biological augmentation

adding natural predators to a degraded ecosystem (put out a predator that'll eat the prey that's destroying crops)

biological augmentation

adding natural predators to an area (ladybugs eat aphids)

adenosine

adenine and sugar together is called what?

tubers of duck potato, sago pondweed

adult trumpeter swan diet

domestication of animals, sewage treatment systems, technology in farming, antibiotics, improved shelters

advances in population and carrying capacity

1 cell/creature

advantages of asexual reproduction

old stone age

age of hunters and gatherers

new stone age, bronze age, iron age

ages with constant increase in population

industrial revolution

agrarian life turns to urbanization, upsurge in population occurs

CITES

agreement to ban/limit trade in endangered species

biotic factors

aid in reproduction, growth

green

algae blooms cause the top of the lakes to turn ______.

sunlight

algae blooms prevent the fish from getting ________.

carbon dioxide

algae blooms removes _______ _______ from the water making it less acidic - "alkaline"

filament

algae chain of cells

division of labor

all cells work together for the common good, "differentation"

biogeochemical cycles of matter

all effect life and have both biotic and abiotic features

metabolism

all of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism

gene pool

all of the genes in a population

metabolism

all the chemical reactions of the body

negative

allergies are causes by a __________ reaction to proteins

chaparral area

along the eat coast, known for their oily plant areas

turkeyfoot

also known as big/little foot

NH₂

amine group of amino acid

growth rate

amount of change over given amount of time

heat of vaporization

amount of energy needed to change a liquid to a gas

heat of fusion

amount of energy needed to change a solid to a liquid

calorie

amount of energy needed to raise 1 gram of water 1°C

ionic bond

an electrical attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or groups of atoms called ions

gastrula

an embryo at the stage following the blastula, when it is a hollow cup-shaped structure having three layers of cells

pandemic

an epidemic that is geographically widespread

theory

an explanation of a natural phenomenon supported by many observations and experiments over time

pathogen

an organism that can cause disease

oviducts

animal fallopian tubes

sponge

animal made of only tissue

black footed ferret, grizzly bear, sea lion

animals effected by habitat loss/disruption

deoxyribose

another name for DNA (with sugar)

ribose

another name for RNA

alkaline

another name for a base

chalk

another name for calcium carbonate

mudhen

another name for coot

vector

another name for disease agents

electrolyte

another name for ion

gray pine

another name for jack pine

structural proteins

another name for linear proteins

monomers

another name for monomers

hydronium scale

another name for pH scale

brood parasites

another name for pheasants

norway pine

another name for red pine

algae

another name for spirogyra conjugation

dextrose

another name for sucrose

dwarf tree

another name for the bonsai tree

membrane

antibiotics destroy cell __________ in bacteria

stimulus

any event or situation that evokes a response

organism

any living thing

ocean

anything on land will eventually end up in the ________

organism

anything the has living characteristics

1000 times

approximately how much greater is the current background extinction compared to the normal rate?

crown fires

are hotter and more damaging than ground fires (called control fires)

hydrophobic

are the inside layers of cells hydrophilic or hydrophobic?

hydrophilic

are the outside layers of cells hydrophilic or hydrophobic?

base

are you more likely to be burned by an acid or base?

gene pool

area of population with huge diversity of genes

middle east

area that produces the most fuel

urban sprawl

area where all the house look the same - fast expansion

longitude

as you move above sea level

latitude

as you move away from the equator

biotic factors

associated with living

abiotic factors

associated with nonliving

dinosaurs

asteroid hit the Yucatan peninsula

octet rule

atoms are the most stable with 8 electrons in the outer shell

isotopes

atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons

tendon

attaches muscle to bone

ligament

attaches muscle to muscle

neutrons

attract electrons into the outer shell

4.8

average pack size for timberwolves

lime

base in soils "____"

-OH (hydroxide)

bases always end with what polyatomic ion?

cleaning agents

bases are usually what?

monomer

basic building block of simple sugars

natural resources

basic needs for 6 billion people (9 billion in near future)

atom

basic unit of matter

milfoil

before zebra muscles, weed that takes over lake

womb

being buried in the fetal position represented going back into the what?

east to west

below the equator, what direction does rain travel?

tropical rainforest

best place to find new plants and species for research

bioremediation

best way to deal with polluted areas

system of highways

biggest cause of fragmentation

habitat loss and disruption

biggest threat to biodiversity

prokaryotes

binary fission is found only in _____________

greatest

biodiversity is _______ in tropical rainforests

enzymes

biological catalysts that speed up the rate of chemical reactions in biological processes

open

biological organisms are ____ systems.

agricultural

biologists who work in _____ research might study how to make crops grow more efficiently.

living

biology is the study of _____ things and the environment.

decreases

biomass ________ as you move up the trophic levels

change

biomes _______ as you go up mountains

a specific climate, certain types of plants, certain types of animals

biomes are characterized by:

smaller ecosystems

biomes are divided into what?

ecosystem

biotic and abiotic factors in a given area

egrets

birds that were killed for feathered hats, there was a large population on pelican island

natality

birth rate

carrying capacity

birthrate increases until it reachers what?

moss

bogs have what plant in them?

louis pasteur

boiled broth vigorously without sealing it, and growth occurred when the gooseneck was removed, disproving spontaneous generation

pheasant

bought as hunting birds for their feet and color

eutrophication

break down of organic material

catabolism

breakdown reactions

hydrolysis

breaking down two or more molecules using water

tRNA

brings in amino acids to the ribosome to make proteins

cowbird

brood parasite examples

calcium

builder of bones and muscle

anabolism

building reactions

carbon

burning trees puts ________ into the air

5

by 1950 how many countries had zero population growth

64

by 2000 how many countries had zero population growth

too acidic

calcium carbonate was put into fields because they were what?

4

calories/gram in a carbohydrate

9

calories/gram in a fat

4

calories/gram in a protein

mountain dew

can cause stones

mitosis

cancer is this cell process gone wrong

carcinogen

capable of causing cancer

(CH₂O)ₙ

carbohydrate basic formula

unsaturated fats

carbon have a double bond in the tail and can accommodate another hydrogen

acid rain

carbonic acid

-COOH

carboxyl group

COOH

carboxyl group of amino acid

addictive

carbs are _______.

salmonella

carried by turtles

hemoglobin

carries oxygen, made of iron, on erythrocytes (red blood cells)

mRNA

carries the message from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome

hydrogen ions

carry ions - electrical current - through your body

catalysts

causes chemical reaction to occur at a low temperature but remain unchanged

budding

cell splits into 2 unequal parts

differentation

cells look different because of different jobs

eukaryotes

cells that have a nucleus

adipose cells

cells that store/hold your fat

the 8 characteristics of life

cellular organization, reproduction, metabolism, react to stimuli, maintain homeostasis, grow and develop, adapt through evolution, heredity

nucleus

center of the atom (mass of the atom)

eagles

change feather colors around 3-4 years and becomes a reproductive adult at this time

chemical

changes of matter that are nonreversible, and different substances are formed

physical

changes of matter that are reversible and the same substance

denature

changes the shape of the enzyme

nutrient

changing a ______ level has a cascading effect on all trophic levels

temperate

characteristic of a biome where temperature varies

organic

chemistry with carbon based products

phosphate

cleaning agent but also a pollutant

temperature, precipitation, humidity, winds

climate conditions depend on:

extinction, overexploitation, habitat loss and disruption, fragmentation, pollution

common threats to biodiversity

starch

complex carbohydrate in plants

Tamarac, spruce, pines

conifer tree examples

a lack of moisture

coniferous trees can be found in both the subarctic taiga and warm chaparral regions. what kind of conditions have the trees in these areas adapted to?

photosynthesis

connects the organic and inorganic world

hot spots

contain the most species

salt water

contains minerals of broken down rocks

proteins

control bodily chemical reactions

proteins

control gene expression

k-strategist

controlled by density-dependent factors (predators, disease, parasites, competition)

r-strategist

controlled by density-independent factors (weather, human activities)

colorado river

controls its pesticide use, salinity, flow rate, boating, and fishing

temperature

controls the speed of atoms

international megareserves

costa rica "buffer zones", jurassic park

supersaturated solution

created by changing environmental conditions of a saturated solution (heat, pressure) to allow more solute in the solvent

demetrius mendeleev

created the periodic table

top

crown fires happen at the _____ of trees

zebra mussels

cut your feet, plug up pipes, suck oxygen out of the water

habitat fragmentation

cutting the habitat into small pieces (edge effect)

aquatic insects, crustaceans

cygnets diet

solvent

dangerous because they pull apart molecules

anhydrous ammonia

dangerous fertilizer

mortality

death rate

oak, birch, ironwood, maple, elm

deciduous tree stage

damages

decline of a single species __________ the entire ecosystem

small

declining populations have _______ pre-reproductive age classes

saprophyte

decomposer

slow down

decreasing the use of natural resources will do what to approach to carrying capacity?

buckthorn

deer rub against this

solid

definite shape and volume - atoms close together and moving slowly

cramping

dehydration causes what?

francesco redi (1668)

demonstrated that the presence of maggots in putrefying meat does not result from spontaneous generation but from eggs laid on the meat by flies, disproving spontaneous generation

competition

density-dependent factors: lemmings and deer

parasites

density-dependent factors: moose in Minnesota from deer parasites

disease

density-dependent factors: skin disease in leopard frogs

predation

density-dependent factors: wolf and moose numbers on Isle Royale in Michigan

dams, diversions, change of water temperature, pollution, introduction of nonnative species

density-independent factors: human activities examples

cold/heat, drought/flood, tornados/hurricanes, fire

density-independent factors: weather examples

species

derived from the word "specific"

chemosynthesis

derives energy in swamps from chemicals

qualitative data

descriptive data, such as color or shape

bioremediation

detoxifying areas using fungi, bacteria, or plants

edward jenner

developed 1st vaccine for smallpox (using cowpox)

george washington carver

developed over 300 products from the peanut

jacques costeau

developed sophisticated diving equipment and protected the oceans

robert jarvik

developed the first artificial heart

luther burbank

developed the thornless cactus and a new variety of potato, known as the father of plant breeding, city in CA named after him

budding cells split into 2 unequal parts while binary fission cells split into 2 equal parts

difference between binary fission and budding

eukaryotes have nucleus, prokaryotes do not

difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

biological community

different species, same place, same time

can't adapt

disadvantages of asexual reproduction

timber wolf

disappeared in MN in the late 1800s

louis leakey

discovered Lucy in the Olduvi Gorge, also found Eve

alexander flemming

discovered penicillin

spacing of a population

dispersion

prairie chickens

display themselves by dance and noise in an area known as the "booming grounds"

species diversity

diversity becomes greater in warmer climates

cytokinesis

division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells

mitosis

division of the nucleus

sharp tailed grouse

do a mating display known as a lek

developing countries

do developing or developed countries have more hotspots?

no

do larger fish form schools?

r-strategist

do not maintain a population near carrying capacity

spores

do spores or seeds live longer?

no

do the needles stay on conifers year round?

aerobic

does aerobic or anaerobic energy last longer?

cold

does cold or warm water hold more oxygen?

gas

does not have a definite shape or volume - atoms far apart and moving fast

warm

does warm or cold air get more water?

buffer

doesn't allow change in an acid or a base

closed system

doesn't allow energy exchange with outside factors

longitude

doesn't effect biomes (as you go around the earth)

ferals

domesticated pets

uniform

easiest group to get accurate numbers

insectivores

eat insects

omnivore

eat meat and plants, canine and incisor and molar teeth

carnivore

eat meat, canine teeth, bigger brain

herbivore

eat plants, incisor teeth, small brain

habitat, niche

ecosystem interactions

small

ecosystems are _____ compared to biomes

latitude

effects biomes (as you go up the earth)

trans fat

elastic acid made in food production by making polyunsaturated fats

cloud

electrons are in what part of the atom?

NH₃

empirical formula for ammonia

CO₂

empirical formula for carbon dioxide

H₂

empirical formula for hydrogen gas

CH₄

empirical formula for methane

H₂O

empirical formula for water

enzymes

end in -ase or -lin

activation energy

energy that is needed to get a chemical reaction started

ammalase

enzyme in mouth that breaks down starch

louis pasteur

established a vaccine for rabies, disproved spontaneous generation, discovered pasteurization

graduate

evaluated at certain levels

transpiration

evaporation of water from plant leaves

replace

evergreens get their name because whenever they shed needles, they _________ them

1

every 3 wrungs (twists) of DNA controls the bringing in of how many amino acids?

carbon

every living thing has ______.

limestone

example of a rock formed during the carbon cycle

hydrobromic acid with sodium hydroxide

example of acid-base reaction

sleeping

example of anabolism

weight lifting

example of catabolism

bison (herds), fish (schools)

example of clumped dispersion

burning of napthalene

example of combustion reaction

shark and remora

example of commensalism

water boiling

example of decomposition reaction

lead iodide and potassium nitrate

example of double displacement reaction

burning fossil fuels

example of hydrocarbons

lower of humpback club in the Colorado river

example of introduction to nonnative species

eyes getting bigger/smaller

example of irritability

bacillus bacteria

example of microbiology

bacteria and legumes

example of mutualism

trilobite

example of paleontology

tape worm

example of parasitism

white tailed deer

example of random dispersion

magnesium hydroxide and hydrogen gas

example of single displacement reaction

iron sulfide

example of synthesis reaction

bear (roaming area of 500 sq. feet)

example of uniform dispersion

ear wax

example of waterproofing

feces, urine

examples of animal waste

plants, algae, bacteria

examples of autotrophs

hydra, yeast

examples of budding

mayonnaise, paint

examples of colloids

green algae, volvox

examples of colonial bacteria

mates, territory

examples of competition

weather, human activities

examples of density-independent factors

fly, tick, flea

examples of disease agents

ponds, forests

examples of ecosystems

animal and plant cells

examples of eukaryotic cells

water, CO2

examples of excretion

burning tropical rainforest, draining wetlands, expanding cities, creating dams and diversions

examples of habitat loss and disruption

animals, fungi, bacteria

examples of heterotrophs

milfoil, parasites

examples of invasive species

zebra mussel, eurasian carp, purple loosestrife, eurasian watermilfoil

examples of invasive species

glucose, fructose, galactose

examples of isomers

soybeans, clover, peanuts

examples of legumes

food, water, oxygen

examples of mammal/reptile population limiting factors

minerals, uranium, fuels, extinct animals

examples of nonrenewable resources

sunlight, glucose

examples of plant population limiting factors

rain, snow, hail

examples of precipitation

bacteria, blue-green algae

examples of prokaryotic cells/binary fission

marsh, swamp

examples of recharge zones

starfish, lizard tail, planar, skin

examples of regeneration

water, clean air, wind, forests

examples of renewable resources

bile, oil

examples of secretion

fungi, moss, ferns

examples of spores

smog, salad dressing, milk

examples of suspensions

DNA, viruses

examples of transduction

protozoa, amoeba, paramecia

examples of unicellular bacteria

k-strategist

experiences carrying capacity issues with little change year to year

pavlov's dogs

experiment that discovered classic conditioning and has to do with response to environment

klinefelters

extra X chromosome (XXY)

virulent

extremely poisonous

old stone age

farming begins (slight population increase)

alberta clippers

fast moving winds that come from Canada to the U.S. bringing chills and frosting over after awhile

hydrogenation

fat turns into semisolid when it was an oil

carboxyl

fatty acid tails are what group?

waxes

fatty acids joined to alcohol other than glycerol

zygote

fertilized egg

fewer consumers

fewer producers = what?

break down nutrients

fields are kept slight acidic to help do what?

shrub stage

fifth stage of pond

madagascar periwinkle

fights luekemia

pacific yew

fights skin cancer

yellowstone

first national park

submerged plants

first stage of pond

duckweed, water lilies

floating aquatic vegetation stage examples

capillary

flowing into a narrow tube/opening

producer

food chains always start with a what?

f=ma

force formula

precipitation

forms as a result of condensation

cellulose

forms on the cell walls of plants and algae

birth rate - death rate + immigration rate - emigration rate

formula for growth rate

penicillin

found in mold

grass stage

fourth stage of pond

downy feathers

fragile, soft, light feathers

water + dirt = frogs

frogs example of abiogenesis

primary succession

from barren rock

ovaries

fruits are ripened _________-

carries genetic information

function of nucleic acid

quick energy, structural support in some cells

functions of carbohydrates

storage of energy, protection "padding", insulation, formation of membranes, "waterproofing", building

functions of lipids

athlete's foot, ringworm

fungal disease examples

negative ion

gained an electron (anion)

desensitizes

gargling salt water _________ nerves in your throat

fern

gas and oil came from ...

abiotic factors

gases, soil types and temperatures

leave, enter, die

gene pools change if creatures _______, ________, or ______.

AB → A + B

general form of decomposition reaction

AB + CD → AD + CB

general form of double displacement reaction

A + BC → AC + B

general form of single displacement reaction

A + B → AB

general form of synthesis reaction

chromosome

genes linked together

white house

george washington carver was the first colored man to go where?

methane

given off by cows

photosynthesis

gives off glucose and oxygen

exothermic

gives off heat

ionic bonds

giving away of electrons - create charge "inorganic"

potholes

glaciation cause holes in areas called what?

C₆H₁₂O₆

glucose (simple sugar)

sucrose + water

glucose + fructose = ?

lactose + water

glucose + galactose = ?

maltose + water

glucose + glucose = ?

blood sugar

glucose is also known as what?

evaporation

going from the liquid stage to the gas stage

condensation

going from vapor or gas to a liquid

recharge zones

golf course sand traps are ________ _____.

ecological succession

gradual change and replacement of species (one type of organism gets the area ready for the next)

background extinction

gradual process of a species becoming extinct

turkeyfoot, foxtails, fern, harebell

grass stage examples

rushes

grasslike plants with hollow stems located the the edges of a lake

32 feet/second squared

gravitation fall (acceleration)

genetic diversity

greater with random mating and a large gene pool

fyto plankton

green plankton

community

group of interacting populations

population

group of organisms of the same species that occupies the same area at the same time

experimental group

group that is exposed to the factor being tested

control group

group used for comparison in an experiment

gemmule

growing a new organism from a packaged sample fall the cells in the parent organism

regeneration

growing a new part or organism

middle ages

growth until the bubonic plague "black death"

address

habitat is the organism's "________"

5,730 years

half life of carbon 14

ATPs

has 2 high energy bonds

matter

has mass and occupies space

human population

has not always increased, but has constantly changed

elephants

have a long gestation period

insects

have a short gestation period

dinosaurs

have been gone for less time than they were on earth for

electrons

have no mass

vascular plants

have tissues made of cells that transport water and nutrients throughout the plant

kettle

hawks will circle in a "_________" formation

parching

heating the rice up from 45-60 minutes

tropical rain forests

help climate change by taking CO₂ out of the air

rRNA

helps make up the ribosome

globular proteins

hemoglobin and gama globulin

outside

heterotrophs get their energy from an _______ source.

undeveloped countries

high birth rate, high death rate (triangular shaped)

developing countries

high birth rate, lower death rate

tuskeegee airmen

highly respected, all African American flight crew that fought the germans

blastula

hollow ball of cells

peptide bonds

how are amino acids held together?

chromosomes

how are genes linked?

hydrolysis

how are lipids broken down?

electrons = protons

how can you tell when an ion is neutral?

metastasis

how cancer cells spread

by growing the virus in rabbits, then drying the affected nerve tissue to weaken the virus

how did louis pasteur create the rabies vaccine?

asteroids

how did organisms get extinct before human times?

break bonds

how do chemicals release energy?

make bonds

how do chemicals store energy?

no natural enemies

how do invasive species damage ecosystems?

atomic mass - atomic number

how do you find the number of neutrons?

wildlife refuges, state and national parks

how does biodiversity have aesthetic value?

food, medicine, shelter, energy, clothing

how does biodiversity have high economic value?

oxygen, flood control, filtering of air, fertile soils, regulate local climates, watersheds

how does biodiversity have indirect economic value?

used in research

how does biodiversity have scientific value?

population growth rate

how fast a population is growing

making and breaking bonds

how is energy stored in chemical organisms?

10 minutes

how long can your brain go without oxygen?

2-3 years

how long did it take for the dinosaurs to die off?

112 days

how long did the first patient using the Jarvik-7 live?

620 days

how long did the second patient using the Jarvik-7 live?

6-12 feet

how long is a trumpeter swan's nest?

300 units

how long is the shortest DNA molecule

38

how many ATP are produced during aerobic exercise?

2

how many ATP are produced during anaerobic exercise?

2

how many ATPS are gotten from one molecule of glucose from anaerobic respiration

38

how many ATPs are gotten from one molecule of glucose from aerobic respiration

51

how many birds reserves did Theodore Roosevelt establish?

40

how many breeding pairs of trumpeter swans are in Tamarac?

1000

how many calories are in 1 Kcal?

3500

how many calories are in 1 pound?

80

how many calories are needed for heat of fusion?

539

how many calories are needed for heat of vaporization?

3-9

how many eggs do trumpeter swans lay?

10

how many electrons does the d orbital hold?

14

how many electrons does the f orbital hold?

2

how many electrons does the first shell hold?

32

how many electrons does the fourth shell hold?

6

how many electrons does the p orbital hold?

2

how many electrons does the s orbital hold?

8

how many electrons does the second shell hold?

18

how many electrons does the third shell hold?

4

how many ligaments are there on most major joints?

1000

how many little calories are in one big Calorie?

150

how many national forests did Theodore Roosevelt establish?

18

how many national monuments did Theodore Roosevelt establish?

5

how many national parks did Theodore Roosevelt establish?

73 million

how many people will be added to the world's population by 2050

1000

how many small calories are in 1 big Calorie?

2600

how many timberwolves are in MN

34

how many total hotspots are there today?

500

how many years of coal do we have left?

57

how many years of natural gas do we have left?

40

how many years of oil do we have left?

10%

how much energy does it take to recycle one bottle to a new one?

1/3

how much of Europe died during the plague

65-95%

how much of all living organisms are made up of water?

0.01%

how much of hydrogen is deuterium?

99.99%

how much of hydrogen is protium?

trace

how much of hydrogen is tritium?

78%

how much of our atmosphere is made up of nitrogen?

21%

how much of our atmosphere is made up of oxygen?

85%

how much of our energy comes from burning fossil fuels?

5%

how much of our exhale is CO₂?

once per year

how often to trumpeter swans molt?

3

how old are trumpeter swans when they find their lifetime mate?

18 inches

how tall in a trumpeter swan"s nest?

european ship

how were rats brought to America?

ogallala

huge underground lake in the middle of the U.S.

within

humans grow from ________

H₃O

hydrodium formula

H⁺

if a solution is acidic, does it have more H⁺ or OH⁻?

OH⁻

if a solution is basic, does it have more H⁺ or OH⁻?

death

if homeostasis is not restored, what could occur?

warm

if jet streams are north, we get ______ weather

cold

if jet streams are south, we get _____ weather

gets higher

if the prey population gets higher, what happens to the predator population?

closed

if there is a cycle, it uses a ______ system

less

if there is a longer gestation period, will there be more or less babies?

more

if there is a shorter gestation period, will there be more or less babies?

water

if there were no plants or animals on earth, the _____ cycle would still happen.

CO₂

if we only breathe out 16% oxygen, what does the other 5% transfer into?

producer

if you are not a good consumer, you become a ________.

white water

if you see this, you can tell of a lake or river is getting a lot of oxygen

secondary succession

in an area after farming, burning, or some other land change

120

in order to burn fat, you keep your pulse below ___.

sugar

in order to get rid of running side aches, what can't you eat?

transpiration

increases with algae blooms

pH

indicates the acidity or basicity (alkaline) of a solution

invagination

infolding of cell sheet into embryo

data

information gathered by observations

adaptation

inherited characteristic that increases an organism's chance of survival

activation/transitional energy

initiate release of energy

experiment

investigating a phenomenon in a controlled setting to test a hypothesis

solutions

ions and small molecules (homogeneous)

DNA

is a double helix

anabolism

is dehydration synthesis anabolism or catabolism?

catabolism

is digestion anabolism or catabolism?

biotic

is food a biotic or abiotic factor?

RNA

is half a strand

catabolism

is hydrolysis anabolism or catabolism?

anabolism

is protein synthesis anabolism or catabolism?

lower

is the predator population lower or higher than the prey?

polar

is water polar or nonpolar?

C-14, C-12, protium, deuterium, tritium

isotope examples

his son

jacques gave and took back his company from this person

dehydration synthesis

joining two or more molecules together and removing water

eurasian carps

jump - produce mucus (mess fish)

poling

knocking rice into the boat

inert

lacking the ability or strength to move - inability to share (noble gases)

rainforest

land area that has the greatest biodiversity

suspension

larger molecules, settles out (heterogeneous)

k-strategist

larger organisms

greater

larger population = ____________ biodiversity

gama globulin

last resort to help immune system

water cycle

least dependent on biotic processes

nitrate

lightning + oxygen = ?

nitrates

lightning makes _______.

density-independent factors

limiting factor that does no have an influence on population

density-dependent factor

limiting factor that is directly related to having larger population

oils

liquid fat

r-strategist

live in a fluctuating environment

biomass

living matter at each trophic level

organization

living things arranged in an orderly way

energy

living things need sources of ________ to fuel their life functions

k-strategist

longer lifespans, fewer offspring, much care, longer gestation

radioactivity

losing a proton or neutron will cause what?

positive ion

lost an electron (cation)

higher

low genetic diversity = _________ chance of extinction

industrialized countries

lower birth rate, lower death rate (rectangular shaped)...towards zero population growth

messenger RNA

mRNA

messenger

mRNA is the "___________________" RNA.

help

mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA all _____ DNA

bile

made in your liver, stored in your bladder

air + meat = maggot

maggots example of abiogenesis

buffalo

major migrator that the Indians used to follow

willow

makes aspirin

iron

makes hemoglobin and blood cells

willow, black sampson

makes painkillers

top

mammals at the ____ of the food chain are the ones who become extinct first

polysaccharides

many sugars

grass

marshes have what plant in them?

saturated solutions

maximize the amount of solute that can dissolve in a solvent

zoa

means "animals"

gene-

means "beginning"

cyto

means "cell"

morph

means "change shape"

eco

means "environment"

proto

means "first"

devo

means "fish"

vaga

means "fold"

equicitum

means "horse tail"

equi

means "horse"

anthro

means "human fossil"

photo

means "light"

saurus

means "lizard"

mesozoic

means "middle"

dynamic

means "motion"

karyotics

means "nucleus"

plankton

means "plant-like"

-sis

means "process of"

sis

means "process"

synthe

means "put together"

fyto

means "small"

metastasis

means "spread'

stasis

means "state"

homeo

means "steady"

-ology

means "study of"

dino

means "terrible"

histo

means "tissue"

sapien

means "wisdom"

quantitative data

measurable data using numbers

extinction

member of a species dies off (33-66% of all organisms have gone extinct)

a nucleus

microbiology cells don't have what?

dry

middle grasslands are ___ because they aren't in the Gulf's path

buffers

mixtures that can react with acids or bases to keep the pH within a particular range

gulf of mexico

moisture travels north from where?

polar molecules

molecules with unequal distribution of charges

amino acids

monomers are _____ ____

endemic species

more susceptible to background extinction

k-strategist

more susceptible to extinction

polyunsaturated fats

more than one double bond in a fat

leopard frog

most common frog at tamarac

protium

most common hydrogen isotope

heat

most energy is given off in what form?

one cell

most organisms begin as what?

primates

most vulnerable to extinction

domed

mounds that contain actual bodies in the fetal position

desert

mountains block water flow on one side, so there is usually a _______ on the other side

kinetic energy

movement of energy

immigration

moving into an area

emigration

moving out of an area

ecological footprint

much larger in developed country

linear proteins

muscles, tendons, ligaments, cartilage

heterotrophs

must eat a producer to do cell respiration and have movement

nucleotides

name for the building blocks of nucleic acids

high heat capacity, high heat of evaporation, solvent, cohesion/adhesion, expansion

name the properties of water

digestive, circulatory, nervous, endocrine, muscular, skeletal, respiratory, reproductive, immune, excretory, integumentary

name the systems of the body (know 9 of them)

boundary waters

national park in MN

enzymes and water

needed to make protiens

electron

negative charge, 0 AMU

anion

negative ion

electrons

negatively charged particles that are located outside of the nucleus

job

niche is the organism's "____" within its habitat

break down organisms

niche of a decomposer

photosynthesis

niche of a plant

clean up

niche of a scavenger

control environment

niche of humans

eating

nitrogen is obtained by animals by _______.

soil

nitrogen is obtained by plants by _____.

neutron

no charge, 1 AMU

flooding

no recharge zones can cause what?

deregulation

no regulations based on air quality

co-enzymes

non protein catalysts

nutrients

not a lot of this in tropical rainforest soil

forest succession

occurs as one community of plant species replaces another

dependent variable

occurs as the result of the independent variable

june 21st

on what day of the year is the sun closest to us?

monounsaturated fats

one double bond in a fat

open system

one in which energy can be transferred between the system and its surroundings

element

one or more of the same atoms

closed system

one that cannot transfer energy to its surroundings

asexual

only 1 parent is needed, works well in environmental conditions do not change

testosterone

only advantage men have over women (haha)

laverne

only county in MN that doesn't have a lake

endemic species

only found in specific locations

nitrogen cycle

only short term cycle

glucose

only sugar you can use to make ATPS

noncellular

organic molecules (coacervates and microspheres) - no cells

respond

organisms ___________ to the environment

ecosystem

organisms that share biotic and abiotic factors

transgenic

organisms with genes from 2 different species

brain, spinal cord

organs that are folded in the back during evagination

lungs, heart

organs that are folded in the front during invagination

fish oil

origin of omega-3

basic

our blood is slightly _______.

bald eagle

our national bird

turkey

our national bird, the bald eagle, was almost beaten out by what other bird?

jetstreams

our weather depends on what?

valence shell

outer shell - most important electrons

hares, mice

owl diet

10

owls live in ___ year cycles

cannot

oxygen ______ be stored in the body (can or cannot)

O₃

ozone layer

acids

pH 1-6

bases

pH 8-14

7.4

pH level of our blood

neutral

pH of 7

base

pH over 7, cleaning products

hydronium number

pH refers to ...

acid

pH under 7, foods

loosen the hulls, kills germs

parching does what 2 thing to the rice?

protons and neutrons

particles inside the nucleus

neutrons

particles that have no charge

protons and neutrons

parts of the atom that have mass

moss

peat came from ...

biologists

people who study biology are called _____.

birds, rabbits

peregrine falcon diet

steroid

performance enhancing drug

bias

personal opinion

carcinogen

petroleum in water causes what?

wild turkeys

pheasants lay eggs in the who's nest?

lichen, moss

pioneer organism examples

mixtures

placed together physically not chemically, can be separated by physical means, ha properties of each substance present, no chemical action involved or energy charge

elodea

plant like organism found in aquariums

tips

plants grow from their ______

anhydrous spill

poisonous, explosive spill

temperature, rainfall, sun, humidity, soil

population ranges based on abiotic factors

predators, competitors, parasites

population ranges based on biotic factors

proton

positive charge, 1 AMU, electronegativity (attract more electrons than any other atom)

cation

positive ion

1.248 billion years

potassium-40 argon halflife

corridor system

prevent animals from crossing roads

lactic acid

prevents muscles from repairing themselves

rat poison

prevents strokes and heart attacks

herbivores, carnivores

primary consumers

canopy layer

primary layer (95 - 100' tall)

plants

primary producers are ______.

pioneer organism

primary succession starts with what?

kuru

prion virus in africa

gout

problem in humans if your blood is too acidic

excretion

process by which metabolic wastes are eliminated from the body

homeostasis

process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment to maintain life

pedogenesis

process of soil formation

anaerobic

process that does not require oxygen

aerobic

process that requires oxygen

glycogen

produced in the liver and stored in the liver and muscles - splits into glucose molecules

glucose

produces ATPs

nucleus

prokaryotes have no _________

countershading

protective coloration of some animals in which parts normally in shadow are light and those exposed to the sky are dark

enyzmes

protein catalysts

prion

protein particles that cause disease

carbohydrates

provide quick energy (pulse over 120)

fats

provide slow energy (pulse below 120)

clumped

provides additional safety by confusing predators

compound

pure substance formed when two or more different elements combine

harebell

purple flower

reproductive patterns

r-strategists and k-strategists

ribosomal RNA

rRNA

ribosomal

rRNA is the "______________" RNA

less biodiversity

raising ocean water makes islands smaller... which causes what?

brownian movement

random movement/bumping of particles

exponential phase

rapid growth period

peregrine falcon

raptor restored in Minnesota in 1982

lipids

ratio of hydrogen to oxygen is greater than 2 to 1

litmus paper

red and blue paper to test pH

sumac

red bushes

hormones

regulate growth and maturity

commensalism

relationship between two organisms in which one organism benefits and the other is unaffected

parasitism

relationship between two species of plants or animals in which one benefits at the expense of the other

reintroduction programs

release organisms into an area where the species once lived

ATPs

releasing _____ pays off the body when you need it

egestion

removal of undigested waste (feces)

symbol

representation of atoms

formula

representation of molecules

budding

reproduction that happens in eukaryotes

post-reproductive

reproductive, pre-reproductive, or post-reproductive?

pre-reproductive

reproductive, pre-reproductive, or post-reproductive?

reproductive

reproductive, pre-reproductive, or post-reproductive?

endothermic

requires heat

teosinte

resistant to viral diseases in corn

variety, new species

results of a genetic drift

steroid

ringed fat

buoyant

salt allows you to be more ________.

isomers

same empirical formula, different structural formula

population

same species, same area, same time

coconut oil, palm oil, ice cream, cheese, butter, chocolate

saturated fats examples

creatine phosphate

scientific name for CP

beast and hay

scientists usually incorporated these 2 ingredients into their broth

bioengineering

scientists who work in the field of _____ often research cells, DNA, and living systems to discover new medical treatments.

floating aquatic vegetation

second stage of pond

deciduous trees

secondary succession usually leads into what?

deciduous tree stage

seventh stage of pond

covalent bonds

sharing of electrons "organic"

cartilage

shock absorber

r-strategist

short life span, many offspring, little care of young (expected no energy)

sumac, buckthorn

shrub stage examples

zinc

shuts down virus reproduction

yawning, fast breathing

signs of loss of oxygen

both asexual reproduction

similarity between binary fission and budding

monosaccharides

simple sugar molecules

conifer tree stage

sixth stage of pond

lag phase

slow growth period

r-strategist

small organisms (insects)

zooplankton

small, animal-like protozoa

phytoplankton

small, plant-like organism

insulin

smallest protein in your body

loons

solid bones, young are protected and kept warm by riding on the back of adults

buffers

solution that can resist pH change - makes pH stable/neutral

owls

some exhibit a 10 year high and low cycle due to food availability

denature

some scientists believed that when you boiled water you ___________ it

biological

species definition: can interbreed and makes fertile offspring

morphology

species definition: characteristics are the same (look alike)

abiogenesis

spontaneous generation (development of life from lifeless matter)

invasive species

spread into new areas

neutral ion

stable (electrons = protons)

submerged plants, floating aquatic vegetation, swamp stage, grass stage, shrub stage, conifer tree stage, deciduous tree stage

stages of a pond

russians

started using steroids in 1950s

usa

started using steroids in 1960s

south carolina

state where pelican island is located

define the problem

step 1 of the scientific method

gather information

step 2 of the scientific method

form a hypothesis

step 3 of the scientific method

conduct the experiment

step 4 of the scientific method

analyze data

step 5 of the scientific method

report conclusions

step 6 of the scientific method

trees

store bought sponges come from what?

potential energy

stored energy

gene

strand of DNA

gene

strand of DNA linked by chromosomes

fluorine

strengthens teeth

jane goodhall

studied chimpanzees for a long time in Tanzania, Africa

zoology

study of animals

ornithology

study of birds

cytology

study of cells

taxonomy

study of classification

ecology

study of earth and its relationships to life

morphology

study of external structure

ichthyology

study of fish

physics

study of forces, energy, matter, motion, heat

physiology

study of function

mycology

study of fungi

genetics

study of genes made from DNA

pathology

study of infectious diseases

anatomy

study of internal structure

botany

study of plants

microbiology

study of small life

ecology

study of the earth or environment

histology

study of tissues

virology

study of viruses

paleontology

study using fossil records

fytoplankton, milfoil, elodea

submerged plant stage examples

solvent

substance in which another substance is dissolved

solvent

substance in which something is dissolved in

solute

substance that dissolves in solvent

acids

substances that release hydrogen ions when dissolved in water

bases

substances that release hydroxide ions when dissolved in water

enzyme

substrate specific (effected by ph and temperature) "key"

chemical

sun energy is converted into ________ energy

linear

sunlight is ______.

source

sunlight is the ultimate _____ of energy

flow of energy

sunlight is the ultimate source of energy for all organisms and drives all the cycles

john needham (1745)

supported abiogenesis, conducted an experiment using broth "gravy"

lazaro spallanzani (1770)

supported the "new" theory of abiogenesis, boiled broth at room temperature and had a tighter seal on the flask

rushes, horsetails, cattails, prairie cord grass

swamp stage examples

trees

swamps have what plant in them?

linear

symbolic mound, may contain artifacts of individuals honored

true

t or f: living bacteria can reproduce with nonliving bacteria

transfer RNA

tRNA

transfer

tRNA is the "_________________" RNA

gurdling

take all the bark off the tamarac tree

eurasian watermilfoil

take food away from fish by replacing it

chlorine

taken with salt to help nerve impulses

saturated fats

tall chains have a single bond between carbon and hydrogen

shallow

tamarac has __________ lakes

indian mounds

tamarac has undamaged what?

porcupine

tamarac tree major enemy

hypothesis

testable explanation of a situation

bacteria

the #1 decomposer in the world

diahhrea

the #1 killer of children

divers, dabblers

the 2 characteristics/types of ducks

souix, anishinabe

the 2 groups that were in the Tamarac region

holding, flash

the 2 methods of pasteurization

photosynthesis, cellular respiration

the 2 parts of the carbon cycle

photosynthesis, chemosynthesis

the 2 subgroups of autotrophs

difference in the speed of atoms, difference in the space between atoms

the 2 things the help determine what state of matter it is

predation, disease, parasites, competition

the 4 density-dependent factors

poling, parching, jigging, winnowing

the 4 steps of ricing (in order)

plastic

the Jarvik-7 was first made out of what?

protein

the Jarvik-7 was not rejected because it had no _________ for your immune system to react to

loon

the MN state bird is the what?

nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium

the NPK number on a fertilizer bag is the percentage of what 3 elements?

seed

the Native Americans wanted which specific part of the rice?

chippewa

the Sioux were driven out by who?

growth

the addition of mass, new cells, and new structures to organisms

carbon

the air is warmer when _______ is in the air

calorie

the amount of energy needed to raise 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius at sea level

population ranges

the area that is occupied by an organism

1.83

the avg amount of children to a family in the U.S.

pollution

the big extinction period that we're currently in was started in the early 1900s because the industrial revolution because of what?

more

the bigger the object, the more or less gravity?

an acre

the biggest fungi known is how big?

wind

the bonsai tree has its twisted look because of what?

catabolism

the breaking down reaction of energy

atoms

the building blocks of matter

biosynthesis

the building of organic molecules by living organisms

anabolism

the building up reactions for energy

nucleus

the center of the atom

thorns

the characteristic that savanna trees have and grassland trees do not have

covalent bond

the chemical bond that forms when electrons are shared

january

the coldest month

absolute zero

the coldest temperature possible

tuskeegee university

the college that george washington carver went to

brush wolf

the coyote is also known as the what?

more

the easier things dissociate... the more/less electric current?

farming, burn areas

the edge effect is a result of what 2 things?

glucose

the end product of photosynthesis and chemosynthesis

ATP

the energy unit in your body

gregor mendel

the father of genetics - experimented with pea plants

forensics

the field of study that applies science to matters of legal interest

pelican island

the first bird reserve

herbivores

the first dinosaurs to arrive

yellowstone

the first national park

pelican island

the first national wildlife refuge

blue-green algae

the first organism to make food using photosynthesis

wine

the first thing pasteurized by louis pasteur due to bacteria

glucose

the form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy

survival

the greater the gene pool, the greater chance of ___________.

tuberculosis

the illness that unpasteurized milk caused

epidemic

the infection of a large population by a disease

whaling

the killing of whales

skin

the largest organ

fungus

the largest organism alive

itasca

the largest red and white pines are located where?

lungs

the last thing developed in the womb is your ______

fly

the leading disease causer

cells, tissue, organs, systems, organism

the levels of organization

wild rice

the main crop at Tamarac

trumpeter swan

the major animal transported in tamarac

food, waste, area to live

the major three variables of survival

pH

the measure of concentration of H+ in a solution

activation energy

the minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction

humidity

the moisture in the air

water

the most abundant inorganic compound

bacteria

the most common organism in the world

predation

the most common relationship in the food chain

grasslands

the most fertile biomes

island ecosystems

the most vulnerable ecosystem to damage

transduction

the movement of nuclear material from one cell to another

mass

the number of atoms in something

population density

the number of organisms per unit area

serendipity

the occurrence of accidental or unexpected but fortunate results

independent variable

the one factor that can be changed in a controlled experiment; is the factor tested and affects the experiment outcome

sugar

the only thing that the wrungs of DNA are attached to

denitrification

the opposite of nitrogen fixation

host

the organism being harmed in parasitism

evagination

the outward folding of the cell sheet

react

the periodic table is based on how the elements ______.

RNA, DNA

the phosphorus cycle includes which 2 nucleic acids?

conjugation

the physical connection between the 2 parents during sexual reproduction

ethics

the principles of right and wrong that guide an individual in making decisions

chemical reaction

the process by which or groups of atoms in substances are reorganized into different substances

cell specialization

the process in which cells develop in different ways to perform different tasks

development

the process of natural changes that take place during the life of an organism

inference

the processes of combining what you know with what you have learned to draw logical conclusions

reproduction

the production of offspring

subject it to plants

the quickest way to clean something

inorganic compounds

the raw materials of life

up

the reproduction age has gone ___ in the past years

pink tea rose

the roses we have today are all from what?

jelly fish

the second most primitive animal (after sponge) is what?

topography

the shape of the land (land formation)

dissociation

the splitting of a molecule into smaller molecules, atoms, or ions, especially by a reversible process

reactants

the starting substances in a chemical reaction

population dynamics

the study of how complex interactions between biotic and abiotic factors influence population

demography

the study of human population trends (size, density, distribution, growth, migration, birth, and death rates... predicts human population)

solute

the substance that is dissolved in a solvent

products

the substances that are formed by the chemical change

south

the sun is never directly above us, it is always slightly ______ of us

adhesion

the tendency of non similar particles to stick to one another

cohesion

the tendency of similar particles to stick to one another

punctuated equilibrium

the theory that species evolve during short periods of rapid change (very fast)

10%

the trophic level exchange rate

gene expression

the turning on or off of specific genes

tundra and desert

the two biomes with the least amount of precipitation

Mississippian, Pennsylvanian

the two sub periods of the carboniferous period

august

the warmest month

wet, warm

the west coast is _____ and _____

biogenesis

theory of life from life (living from living)

gradualism

theory that everything happens slowly

heat

thermal energy in transfer from one body of matter to another

biosphere

thin layer of earth and its atmosphere that supports life

tropical rainforest

things grow quickly in what biome?

swamp stage

third stage of pond

acid-base

this is a special kind of double displacement reaction when an acid and a base react with one another. the H⁺ ion in the acid reacts with the OH⁻ ion in the base, causing the formation of water ... generally, the product of this reaction is some ionic salt and water.

single displacement

this is when one element trades places with another element in a compound. these reactions come in the general form of: A + BC → AC + B.

double displacement

this is when the anions and cations of two different molecules switch places, forming two entirely different compounds. these reactions come in the general form of: AB + CD → AD + CB

biotechnology, mechanical

those who work in _____ might study living systems in order to design _____ devices such as artificial limbs.

winnowing

throwing the rice into the air and letting the hulls fly away

yellowstone

timberwolves were brought from Canada to where?

paleozoic

time before the dinosaurs

hydrogen (H)

to be an acid, you have to have a _______ in the front.

emulsify

to break down fats (job of bile)

drylab

to make up results

emergent layer

top layer (tallest trees - up to 230', diameter of 20')

manchester, england

town with a big part in the industrial evolution

purple loosestrife

toxic purple flower that out competes all of the other vegetation - take away producers in the ecosystem

popcorn, french fries, fish sticks, frosting, pastries

trans fats examples

chemistry

transformation of matter, structure, composition, properties, atomic and molecular levels

pasteurization

treating a substance with heat to kill or slow the growth of pathogens

bur oak

tree that doesn't burn easily

understory

trees and shrubs (up to 55' high)

bur oak

trees planted to prevent wild fire

conifers

trees that are most adjusted to higher areas

deciduous

trees that lose their leaves

true

true/false: you can feel acids

false

true/false: you can feel bases

noise

trumpeter swan gets is name for what?

coyotes, snapping turtles, mink, otters, eagles, owls, raccoons

trumpeter swans predators

molecule

two or more atoms bonded together

compound

two or more different atoms bonded together

acidity

ulcers are causes by __________

constant

under normal conditions, remains fixed during and experiment

protozoans

unicellular, animal-like organisms

Kcal

unit of heat energy

water

universal solvent

704 million years

uranium-235 halflife

4.47 billion years

uranium-238 halflife

conserve

use - but lower usage

sodium-potassium pump

used to carry sodium and potassium in and out of cells

potassium-40

used to date fossils up to 1.26 billion years old and to separate eras

uranium-238

used to date rocks

phospholipids

used to make a cell membrane1

sabertooth tiger

uses teeth to kill weak animals

industrialized country

uses the most natural resources

metric system

uses units with divisions that are powers of ten

sustainable use

using resources that can be recycled, preserved, or by lowering usage

biodiversity

variety of life in a given area

sexual reproduction

variety using 2 parents

colloid

very large molecules or groups of molecules (heterogeneous)

subcellular

virus (came from cells) - prion and viroid derived from cells

20

viruses reproduce every ____ minutes

co-enzymes

vitamin A in kreb's cycle

chinook winds

warm winds that come from the east coast and cool as they climb western mountains, but warm as they fall back down the other side

coral reefs

water area that has the greatest biodiversity

ground water

water below the soil

hydrophobic

water fearing

hydrophilic

water loving

zoo plankton

water protozoan

surface water

water that is above the ground and more polluted

decomposition

water, carbon, and nitrogen are placed back into the atmosphere from this process (fossil fuels) ... peat, coal, gas

10%

we only use ___ of the energy we take in.

attentuated

weakened organism

hydrogen bond

weakest bond in the body

adapt

weeds are able to grow everywhere because of their ability to _______.

ripping

what action can regenerate skin?

sharing site

what an atom takes/gives away

substrate

what an enzyme works on "lock"

population limiting factors

what an organism requires (something you need to survive)

snails

what animal cleans algae?

starfish

what animal do we associate with regeneration?

bald eagle, brown pelican, California condor

what animals did DDT effect the most?

muscle movement, impulses in nerves, sodium-potassium pumps, release body heat, digestion/respiration/gas exhange

what are ATPs used for?

flooding of fields, burning of fields, building of nesting houses, planting of crops, leaving wild rice behind, licensing of hunting areas

what are some things that are done to assist the waterfowl in the refuge?

convection currents

what are storms built by?

golf courses

what are usually put in chaparral areas?

industrialized

what areas is acid rain found in?

temperate grassland

what biome is ND?

hydrogen bonds

what bonds are in DNA?

consumers

what came first: producers or consumers?

rats

what caused the bubonic plague?

limiting factors

what causes carrying capacity

bile

what causes the brown color in feces?

black

what color does anything with carbon turn when its burned?

undeveloped country

what country represents this shape?

j curve

what curve is demonstrated by this graph?

s curve

what curve is demonstrated by this graph?

bubonic plague

what do fleas carry?

white pines

what do they harvest at Tamarac?

dipeptide

what do you get when 2 amino acids are linked

insulin

what do you make when you eat a carb?

fats

what do you store when you make insulin?

life

what does a bonsai tree represent?

thymine

what does adenine always bond with in DNA structure?

atmospheric

what does an upwards arrow next to a gas mean? (ex. O₂↑)

shells

what does calcium carbonate come from?

guanine

what does cytosine always bond with in DNA structure?

cytosine

what does guanine always bond with in DNA structure?

organic material

what does oxidation break down?

amino acids

what does tRNA haul?

houses of the dead

what does tchibemagic mean?

adenine

what does thymine always bond with in DNA structure?

a decrease in the amount of plankton

what event caused the chain of events off the coast of alaska that caused the kelp forests to disappear?

saliva

what fluid in our body carries rabies?

negro college fund

what fund did george washington carver establish?

logistic

what growth model deals with carrying capacity?

growth

what happens during tri 1 of a pregnancy?

development

what happens during tri 2 of a pregnancy?

growth

what happens during tri 3 of a pregnancy?

glaciers

what hold the most fresh water?

adanine

what is "A" in the base pair of DNA

cytosine

what is "C" in the base pair of DNA

guanine

what is "G" in the base pair of DNA

thymine

what is "T" in the base pair of DNA

aqueous

what is (aq)?

liquid

what is (l)?

solid

what is (s)?

creatine phosphate

what is CP?

8 feet

what is a trumpeter swan's wingspan?

7.4

what is blood pH level?

atomic mass

what is different in an isotope?

omega-3

what is in some polyunsaturated fats that makes them good?

respiration

what is oxidation necessary for?

plasma

what is oxygen carried through?

hydrophobic

what is the lipid tail?

june 21st

what is the longest day of the year (summer solstice)?

nitrogen

what is the most abundant gas in our atmosphere?

hydrophillic

what is the phosphate head?

oxygen

what is the second most abundant gas in our atmosphere?

december 21st

what is the shortest day of the year (winter solstice)?

second wind

what is the transition from anaerobic to aerobic energy called?

glucose

what is used during the 3rd 3 seconds of the flight response?

glycogen

what is used during the 4th 3 seconds of the flight response?

ATP

what is used during the first 3 seconds of the flight response?

CP

what is used during the second 3 seconds of the flight response

southern ape

what kind of animal was Lucy

capsulated

what kind of bacteria is nearly impossible to kill?

empirical (molecular)

what kind of formula is this?

structural

what kind of formula is this?

exponential

what kind of growth model is this?

logistic

what kind of growth model is this?

ball and stick

what kind of model is this?

space filling

what kind of model is this?

d

what orbital shape is this?

p

what orbital shape is this?

s

what orbital shape is this?

sponge

what organism forms gemmules?

flash method

what pasteurization method was used for milk

1%

what percent does a human's metabolism decrease by every year?

4

what shell controls what the element does? (its traits)

left

what side of the periodic table to positive ions form on?

solid

what state are saturated fats in at room temperature?

gas

what state of matter is this?

liquid

what state of matter is this?

solid

what state of matter is this?

carbohydrates

what substrates break down into

corn and sugarbeets

what takes nitrogen out of the soil?

carrying capacity

what the area can hold (stabilizes population)

september

what time of year do they harvest wild rice?

mammals

what took over after the dinosaurs died out?

dryness, wind

what two factors make it hard for trees to survive atop mountains?

clumped

what type of dispersion is this?

random

what type of dispersion is this?

uniform

what type of dispersion is this?

teepees, animal hide

what were the Native Americans' homes called in the spring/summer and what were they made of?

wig wams, birch bark

what were the Native Americans' homes called in the winter and what were they made of?

1872

what year was Yellowstone established

1928

what year was penicillin discovered?

1982

what year was the Jarvik-7 first used

yes

when a bean plant produces seeds in long pods, does it describe a process of reproduction?

no

when a sea star produces a new arm after losing one to a predator, does it describe a process of reproduction?

yes

when an amoeba divides in half, does it describe a process of reproduction?

detritus

when animals and plants die

carbon dioxide

when bread rises it gives off what?

death rate

when carrying capacity is met, what will increase?

cancer

when cells do not work

1750s

when did the industrial revolution begin

march-may

when do trumpeter swans nest?

algae blooms

when fertilizers run off into lakes, they cause _____ _____.

uracil

when making RNA, what replaces thymine?

no

when new leaves appear on a tree in the spring, does it describe a process of reproduction?

succession

when one plant or organism prepares the ground for the next stage of plant/organism

yes

when pollen grains are released from a flower, does it describe a process of reproduction?

runoff

when precipitation travels to areas called watershed

biomagnification

when something starts at the bottom of the food chain and works it s way up through who eats it (DDT)

cretatious-tertiary

when the asteroid hit, 3rd mass extinction of all time ... wiped out the dinosaurs

nonsense (cancer cell)

when the order of amino acids doesn't work

1903

when was pelican island established?

percolation

when water flows back up through the soil

infiltration

when water on the ground surface enters the soil

16%

when you breathe out air, what percent of it is oxygen?

energy

when you make and break bonds, you get what?

disease

when you're in a larger group, you have a greater chance of getting __________ ... (ex. bubonic plague effecting regions more densely populated)

watershed

where all the water in the area eventually flows

new york

where are eladic acids (trans fats) illegal?

sunflowers and safflower oil

where are omega-3s found?

animals

where are saturated fats found?

florida, washington

where are the 2 rainforests in continental U.S. located?

plants

where are unsaturated fats found?

mutualism

where both organisms benefit

nebraska

where camels originated

mitchondria

where cellular respiration takes place

germany

where did steroids originate?

forest, prairie, mountains, happy hunting ground

where did the Native Americans believe they went after death? (in order)

parents

where do trumpeter swan stay over the winter?

wetland areas

where do trumpeter swans live?

central nervous system

where does rabies attack specifically?

biosphere

where everything lives

fallopian tubes

where fertilization takes place

liver and muscles

where is glucose stored?

atmosphere

where is most of the water in the world stored?

chloroplasts

where photosynthesis takes place

active site

where the enzyme and substrate mesh "keyhole"

coney island

where the first incubator was used

edge effect

where the forest meets the grassland

mountain range

where there's a desert, there's a what?

recharge zone

where water goes into the ground and enters an aquifer

temperate grassland

where we live

united states

where were the Chippewa from?

canada

where were the Ojibway from?

follows

wherever the prey goes in population, the predator ______________.

taiga

which biome would you expect to find in cool to cold conditions with a medium amount of moisture?

chemosynthesis

which came first: photosynthesis or chemosynthesis?

north

which direction does the red river flow?

B

which habitat has the greatest impact due to edge effects?

A

which habitat naturally supports the greater amount of biodiversity?

photosynthesis

which is more efficient: chemosynthesis of photosynthesis?

background extinction

which is not a way in which species lose their habitat? (background extinction, destruction, disruption, pollution)

united states

which location would you expect to find greater biodiversity? (Canada, Costa Rica, Mexico, United States)

food

which represents an indirect economic value of biodiversity? (food, clothing, flood protection, medicines)

ecosystem diversity

which term best describes this collection of locations: a forest, a freshwater lake, an estuary, and a prairie? (ecosystem diversity, extinction, genetic diversity, species diversity)

large predators, migratory animals

who does habitat fragmentation effect the most?

theodore roosevelt

who established pelican island?

mammals

who has suffered the most in the latest mass extinction?

germans

who invented steroids?

sharing sites

why are carbon molecules symmetrical?

common function

why do cells form tissues?

hemoglobin

why does urine get a reddish tint after awhile?

Kreb's cycle

why is CO₂ released in cell respiration?

shelter, regrowth, food

why is it important for trees to be removed?

blue light is faster than others

why is the sky blue?

it was the 7th model

why the number 7 in jarvik-7?

winds

will either help or detract from organisms living there

good berry, wild rice

words for "mahnomen" of "manoomen"

greenpeace

work to stop whalers

lactate

workout that helps lactic acid buildup, creating buffers

a lactate

workout that prevents lactic acid buildup

duckweed

worst, smallest vascular plant

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O

write the overall chemical equation for cellular respiration

glucose plus oxygen yields carbon dioxide plus water

write the overall chemical equation for cellular respiration in WORDS

6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂

write the overall chemical equation for photosynthesis

carbon dioxide plus water yields glucose plus oxygen

write the overall chemical equation for photosynthesis in WORDS

no

yes/no: do you inhale nitrogen?

color

you can tell what a soil has been through by it's _______.

protein

you get nitrogen by eating what specifically?

cells

you have to have _____ to be a living organism

energy

you never go above 4 trophic levels because you run out of what?

1. carbs 2. fats 3. proteins

your body fuel order

genetic code

your inheritance