Biology Ch. 12
An anticodon is the compliment of the ______.
codon
The first stage of translation, during which ribosomes assemble around mRNA is called
initiation
DNA is composed of units called------- each of which contains a phosphate group, a 5-carbon sugar, and one of 4 nitrogen-containing bases.
nucleotides
The building blocks of DNA are
nucleotides
During the termination stage of translation a completed ______ is released.
polypeptide
The codon near which the small ribosomal subunit attaches to the mRNA molecule to be translated, which codes for methionine (AUG) is called the--------- codon.
start
During translation initiation, the small ribosomal subunit and initiator tRNA attach in the vicinity of the _____.
start codon
What determines the sequence of an rRNA strand?
transcription from DNA template
List the steps of translation in the correct order placing the first step at the top of the list.
1). Initiation, 2). Elongation, 3). Termination
The three, major steps of translation (in order) are
1). Initiation, 2). Elongation, 3). Termination
For genes that code for proteins, the mRNA sequence determines the sequence of _______________ in a protein.
Amino Acids
Select the choices indicating similarities between RNA and DNA.
Both are polymers of nucleotides, Both contain 4 types of nucleotide bases, Both are nucleic acids
Which of the following are similarities between DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase?
Both are proteins, Both add nucleotides to the 3' end of the new strand
An opening in eukaryotic DNA, containing two forks at the site of replication is called a replication ______.
Bubble
Transcription
DNA is used as a template to produce RNA
Replication
DNA is used as a template to produce duplicate molecules of DNA
Which choice identifies the flow of information according to the central dogma of molecular biology?
DNA to RNA to Protein
In the 1940s, scientists had concluded that the genetic material was most likely either------- or ----------
DNA, Protein
The coding portions of a gene that are joined during mRNA processing are called
Exons
Scientists were searching for the source of biological information about inheritance and development. When they found it, they called it the:
Genetic code
Which of the following are steps in DNA replication?
Joining nucleotides to the growing DNA strand, Complementary base pairing, Unwinding the DNA double helix
rRNA strands are transcribed from a template strand of DNA found in the _______.
Nucleolus
During the 1940s, scientists considered what two molecules most likely to be genetic material?
Protein, DNA
Adenine and guanine are nitrogen-containing bases called
Purines
Thymine and cytosine are nitrogen-containing bases called
Pyrimidines
Translation
RNA is used to produce protein
Pre-mRNA
RNA that hasn't been processed yet
Introns
RNA that will be removed before translation
Exons
RNA that will be used for translation
There is a point on a replicating prokaryotic or eukaryotic DNA strand at which separation of the strands occurs to allow for enzyme activity. What is it called?
Replication Fork
Which of the following are characteristics of the genetic material that early scientists were seeking?
Storage of genetic information, A stable molecule, Able to undergo mutations
A completed polypeptide is released during the phase of translation called
Termination
The process of synthesizing an RNA strand from a DNA template strand is called
Transcription
What is the source of particular sequences of tRNA, mRNA, and rRNA?
Transcription from DNA
Polypeptides are created during which process?
Translation
The process which uses mRNA, tRNA, and ribosomes to synthesize proteins is called
Translation
Incorporating new nucleotides into DNA can provide it with the ability to code for a greater number of
amino acids
During the process of translation, a codon matches up with its complement, a(n)
anticodon
The polypeptide increases in size once amino acid at a time during the phase of translation called
elongation
Translation allows additional amino acids to be added to the growing polypeptide during the _____ phase.
elongation
The production and usage of a gene's product is called gene
expression
True or false: DNA polymerase is used during transcription along with RNA polymerase
false
For a protein, gene expression requires------- in the nucleus and--------- at the ribosome to take place.
transcription, translation
Initiation occurs prior to elongation, both are part of the process of
translation
Polypeptides are created during which process?
translation
True or false: DNA can store information, can be replicated and can undergo rare changes.
true