Biology Ch. 12

An anticodon is the compliment of the ______.

codon

The first stage of translation, during which ribosomes assemble around mRNA is called

initiation

DNA is composed of units called------- each of which contains a phosphate group, a 5-carbon sugar, and one of 4 nitrogen-containing bases.

nucleotides

The building blocks of DNA are

nucleotides

During the termination stage of translation a completed ______ is released.

polypeptide

The codon near which the small ribosomal subunit attaches to the mRNA molecule to be translated, which codes for methionine (AUG) is called the--------- codon.

start

During translation initiation, the small ribosomal subunit and initiator tRNA attach in the vicinity of the _____.

start codon

What determines the sequence of an rRNA strand?

transcription from DNA template

List the steps of translation in the correct order placing the first step at the top of the list.

1). Initiation, 2). Elongation, 3). Termination

The three, major steps of translation (in order) are

1). Initiation, 2). Elongation, 3). Termination

For genes that code for proteins, the mRNA sequence determines the sequence of _______________ in a protein.

Amino Acids

Select the choices indicating similarities between RNA and DNA.

Both are polymers of nucleotides, Both contain 4 types of nucleotide bases, Both are nucleic acids

Which of the following are similarities between DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase?

Both are proteins, Both add nucleotides to the 3' end of the new strand

An opening in eukaryotic DNA, containing two forks at the site of replication is called a replication ______.

Bubble

Transcription

DNA is used as a template to produce RNA

Replication

DNA is used as a template to produce duplicate molecules of DNA

Which choice identifies the flow of information according to the central dogma of molecular biology?

DNA to RNA to Protein

In the 1940s, scientists had concluded that the genetic material was most likely either------- or ----------

DNA, Protein

The coding portions of a gene that are joined during mRNA processing are called

Exons

Scientists were searching for the source of biological information about inheritance and development. When they found it, they called it the:

Genetic code

Which of the following are steps in DNA replication?

Joining nucleotides to the growing DNA strand, Complementary base pairing, Unwinding the DNA double helix

rRNA strands are transcribed from a template strand of DNA found in the _______.

Nucleolus

During the 1940s, scientists considered what two molecules most likely to be genetic material?

Protein, DNA

Adenine and guanine are nitrogen-containing bases called

Purines

Thymine and cytosine are nitrogen-containing bases called

Pyrimidines

Translation

RNA is used to produce protein

Pre-mRNA

RNA that hasn't been processed yet

Introns

RNA that will be removed before translation

Exons

RNA that will be used for translation

There is a point on a replicating prokaryotic or eukaryotic DNA strand at which separation of the strands occurs to allow for enzyme activity. What is it called?

Replication Fork

Which of the following are characteristics of the genetic material that early scientists were seeking?

Storage of genetic information, A stable molecule, Able to undergo mutations

A completed polypeptide is released during the phase of translation called

Termination

The process of synthesizing an RNA strand from a DNA template strand is called

Transcription

What is the source of particular sequences of tRNA, mRNA, and rRNA?

Transcription from DNA

Polypeptides are created during which process?

Translation

The process which uses mRNA, tRNA, and ribosomes to synthesize proteins is called

Translation

Incorporating new nucleotides into DNA can provide it with the ability to code for a greater number of

amino acids

During the process of translation, a codon matches up with its complement, a(n)

anticodon

The polypeptide increases in size once amino acid at a time during the phase of translation called

elongation

Translation allows additional amino acids to be added to the growing polypeptide during the _____ phase.

elongation

The production and usage of a gene's product is called gene

expression

True or false: DNA polymerase is used during transcription along with RNA polymerase

false

For a protein, gene expression requires------- in the nucleus and--------- at the ribosome to take place.

transcription, translation

Initiation occurs prior to elongation, both are part of the process of

translation

Polypeptides are created during which process?

translation

True or false: DNA can store information, can be replicated and can undergo rare changes.

true