Biology Ch 6 Energy and Metabolism
Which statement about enzymes is true?
An enzyme can couple a nonspontaneous reaction to a spontaneous reaction so that anabolic processes will occur.
All living things require which of the following to carry out chemical reactions and survive
Energy
In chemical reactions, the _________ stored in the chemical bonds of a molecule can be used to make new bonds in a different molecule.
Energy
The capacity to do work
Energy
Heat is a form of ____________ energy
Kinetic
Two types of energy
Kinetic and potential
How often can a sucrase molecule be used to hydrolyze sucrose?
Many Times
Redox reaction is a term used to describe
Oxidation-reduction
They have less electrons and less energy than reduced molecueles
Oxidized molecules
The term "oxidation" comes from the fact that _________ is the most common electron acceptor in biological systems.
Oxygen
Green plants, certain bacteria, and algae can all perform the process of ______________ during which the energy of light is used to synthesize molecules.
Photosynthesis
What type of biological molecule are enzymes?
Proteins
An atom that gains an electron is said to be
Reduced
In catabolic reactions In anabolic reactions
Release energy; Large molecules are broken down need energy; Large molecules are made from smaller molecules
The component that binds most tightly to the active site of an enzyme is
Substrate
A mutation occurred in the gene that encodes the enzyme sucrase, resulting in a single amino acid substitution in the active site of the enzyme whereby a polar amino acid changed to a nonpolar amino acid. The most likely result of this mutation is
Sucrase will not be able to bind sucrose in the active site.
L-arabinose is a naturally occurring, non-caloric sweetener that acts as a non-competitive inhibitor of the enzyme sucrase. If L-arabinose is consumed, what will happen to the hydrolysis of sucrose?
Sucrose hydrolysis will be greatly reduced, since L-arabinose binding to sucrase will inactivate the enzyme.
During photosynthesis, small inorganic molecules are combined into organic molecules using energy from ______________.
Sunlight
All energy that enters biological systems ultimately comes from _____________.
The sun
The term ____________ describes energy changes
Thermodynamics
Free energy is the energy available
To do work in a system
An enzyme may catalyze a reaction by stressing or destabilizing the bonds of the substrates. This point in the enzymatic reaction is known as the
Transition state
Sucrase uses _______ to cleave sucrose into two monosaccharides.
Water
During photosynthesis, the energy from sunlight becomes stored as potential energy in _____________.
bonds between atoms in SUGAR MOLECULES.
Small chemical components that act at the active site of an enzyme to promote a chemical reaction
cofactors
When it binds to sucrose, sucrase
goes through a conformational change.
Where is Sucrose Found in the Human Body?
on the microvilli of the small intestine.
