Biology Ch 6 Energy and Metabolism

Which statement about enzymes is true?

An enzyme can couple a nonspontaneous reaction to a spontaneous reaction so that anabolic processes will occur.

All living things require which of the following to carry out chemical reactions and survive

Energy

In chemical reactions, the _________ stored in the chemical bonds of a molecule can be used to make new bonds in a different molecule.

Energy

The capacity to do work

Energy

Heat is a form of ____________ energy

Kinetic

Two types of energy

Kinetic and potential

How often can a sucrase molecule be used to hydrolyze sucrose?

Many Times

Redox reaction is a term used to describe

Oxidation-reduction

They have less electrons and less energy than reduced molecueles

Oxidized molecules

The term "oxidation" comes from the fact that _________ is the most common electron acceptor in biological systems.

Oxygen

Green plants, certain bacteria, and algae can all perform the process of ______________ during which the energy of light is used to synthesize molecules.

Photosynthesis

What type of biological molecule are enzymes?

Proteins

An atom that gains an electron is said to be

Reduced

In catabolic reactions In anabolic reactions

Release energy; Large molecules are broken down need energy; Large molecules are made from smaller molecules

The component that binds most tightly to the active site of an enzyme is

Substrate

A mutation occurred in the gene that encodes the enzyme sucrase, resulting in a single amino acid substitution in the active site of the enzyme whereby a polar amino acid changed to a nonpolar amino acid. The most likely result of this mutation is

Sucrase will not be able to bind sucrose in the active site.

L-arabinose is a naturally occurring, non-caloric sweetener that acts as a non-competitive inhibitor of the enzyme sucrase. If L-arabinose is consumed, what will happen to the hydrolysis of sucrose?

Sucrose hydrolysis will be greatly reduced, since L-arabinose binding to sucrase will inactivate the enzyme.

During photosynthesis, small inorganic molecules are combined into organic molecules using energy from ______________.

Sunlight

All energy that enters biological systems ultimately comes from _____________.

The sun

The term ____________ describes energy changes

Thermodynamics

Free energy is the energy available

To do work in a system

An enzyme may catalyze a reaction by stressing or destabilizing the bonds of the substrates. This point in the enzymatic reaction is known as the

Transition state

Sucrase uses _______ to cleave sucrose into two monosaccharides.

Water

During photosynthesis, the energy from sunlight becomes stored as potential energy in _____________.

bonds between atoms in SUGAR MOLECULES.

Small chemical components that act at the active site of an enzyme to promote a chemical reaction

cofactors

When it binds to sucrose, sucrase

goes through a conformational change.

Where is Sucrose Found in the Human Body?

on the microvilli of the small intestine.