Biology CH 9

What is a fruit?

A mature ovary

What is a tuber?

A sugar storage structure of a plant

Which plant group is the largest with the most number of living species?

Flowering plants

How does a plant get the carbon it needs to make glucose?

From the air

What are some challenges land plants face compared to life in the water?

Obtaining resources from air and soil instead of from water Obtaining and retaining moisture Staying upright against the pull of gravity -- All of the above are challenges faced by land plants.

Why do pine trees have two different types of cones?

One type produces ovules, the other type produces pollen.

What is a major role that fungi play in ecosystems?

Recycling nutrients from dead organisms back into the food chain

Which statement related to gymnosperm reproduction is true?

Spores produce pollen grains which contain sperm.

What role does lignin play in a plant's adaptation to life on land?

Strengthens the cell wall to allow plants to stand up straight and tall

If the phloem in a tree trunk were to become blocked, how would this affect the plant?

Sugars could not be transported from leaves to roots.

The edible portion of the mushroom is the ________.

above-ground reproductive structure

What are the two types of symbiotic relationships in plants?

Bacteria in root nodules, fungi in mycorrhizae

Which plants do not have roots?

Bryophytes

How does a plant's cuticle allow it to live on land?

By preventing water loss

In which tissue system of plants would you expect to find the guard cells?

Dermal tissue system

What does a gametophyte produce?

Haploid gametes

Fungi spores are haploid; what distinguishes haploid spores?

Haploid spores have a single set of chromosomes, half the number of chromosomes of diploid organisms.

Which statement regarding fungal reproduction is true?

Many fungi can reproduce either sexually or asexually.

Are all fungi prokaryotes?

No, they are all eukaryotes.

What characteristic do plants, algae, and some bacteria have in common that is not shared with fungi or animals?

They can do photosynthesis.

While mosses can cover a significant area of land, they are never more than a few centimeters tall. Why do they not grow tall?

They have no vascular system so they cannot transport water over long distances.

Humans are more related to fungi than to plants.

True

Most of our food crops come from angiosperms.

True

Which of the following is a fungus?

Truffles Mushrooms Yeast used to make bread ----- All of the above are fungi

The xylem is made from ________.

dead, hollow cells

Fern sperm are ________, which is why ferns are dependent on water for reproduction.

flagellated

The tall ferns that we typically see in the tropics and temperate woodlands are the ________.

sporophytes

The male part of the flower is the ________.

stamen

The pollen tube grows from the ________ to the ________, where it eventually fertilizes the egg.

stigma; ovule

The xylem primarily transports ________, while the phloem primarily transports ________.

water and minerals; sugars