Biology Chapter 1 Review Questions

Scientists' understanding of viruses has advanced greatly in the last fifty years. Which statements give evidence to support the classification of viruses as nonliving? Choose all the statements that apply.

-All viruses are parasites and depend entirely upon living cells for their existence. -Viruses do not respond to changes in the environment around them. -Viruses must infect living cells in order to reproduce.

-research with HIV, bird flu, drug-resistant bacteria, and other pathogens -looking at the entire sets of DNA code contained in a wide range of organisms in order to study growth, development, aging, and disease -investigating how the activities of all living organisms affect Earth's atmosphere and climate -combining the latest genetic information with computer technology to organize all living things into a system that shows how they fit into the larger context of life

-Ecology and Evolution -Genomics and Molecular Biology -Global Ecology -Building the Tree of Life

Good scientists are _____1______ about the world and make careful _____2______. Although they must be _____3______, they should be willing to change their minds ideas when the _____4______ demands it. Good scientists are also _____5______ when proposing _____6______ and designing experiments. (1)

curious

(4)

evidence

Figure 1-2 shows that tree finches and ground finches are descended from a common ancestor. This example represents which big idea in biology?

evolution

(6)

evolve

-Is there life in outer space? -What does it mean to be a good person? -Why are we here? -What was the biggest animal that ever lived? -How do we cure cancer? -Will computers make us more or less human?

-Question for Science -Questions for Other Ways of Knowing -Questions for Other Ways of Knowing -Question for Science -Question for Science -Questions for Other Ways of Knowing

Much evidence has been discovered to support biological theories such as cell theory and germ theory, and no evidence has been found to prove these theories incorrect. Which statements are true about theories in general? Select all the answers that apply.

-Theories are broad and useful explanations for how the world works. -Theories are dynamic and complex, and constantly subject to revision.

-develop and use models -redesign prototype -make observations -construct an explanation -use mathematics -publish paper for peer review -brainstorm design solutions to problem

-both science and engineering -only engineering -only science -only science -both science and engineering -only science -only engineering

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Use Figure 1-5 to figure out how milliliter and cubic centimeter are related.

1 millimeter is 0.1 centimeters

According to Figure 1-5, what is the boiling point of water in degrees Celsius?

100 degrees

Using Figure 1-5, what number does the prefix kilo- represent?

1000

Based on Figure 1-5, if you have 2 L of water, how many milliliters do you have?

2000 mL

What is meant by a population of organisms? Describe two examples.

A population is a group of one type of organisms that live in an area. Examples might include a herd of bison on a prairie; all of the clover plants in a field; all of the aphids on a plant; all of the earthworms in a particular plot of ground.

Can a theory change over time? Explain your answer

A theory can change over time. No theory is considered the absolute truth. A useful theory that has been tested and supported may become a dominant view among the majority of scientists. However, science is always changing. As new evidence is uncovered, a theory may be revised or replaced by a more useful explanation.

Why is a universal system of measurement necessary in science? What are some units of the common system used now, and what do they measure?

A universal system of measurement allows scientists around the world to communicate their findings. Metric units such as meters, liters, grams, and Celsius allow scientists to measure length, volume, mass and temperature, respectively.

How would you determine whether something is living or nonliving?

All living organisms consist of these 6 things- made if cells, obtain and use energy, grow and develop, reproduce, respond to their environment, and living things adapt to their environment.

Biologists have certain criteria that must be met if something is to be considered living. All living things are made up of cells and have _____1______, which carries the genetic code. Living things also _____2______, either sexually or asexually. The chemical reactions of _____3______ help an organism use materials and energy to stay alive. Living things respond to _____4______, signals that come from within or from the environment. Most organisms maintain a stable internal environment and the process by which they do this is _____5______. Living things can also change over time, or _____6______. (1)

DNA

Michael's grandmother is taking part in an experiment to determine how well a new headache medication works. In this experiment, the people in Group A are taking the new medication. The people in Group B, including Michael's grandmother, are taking a pill that does not contain the new medication. In this experiment, what is Group B?

Group B is the control group.

How does peer review improve the overall quality of a scientist's work?

Peer review allows the scientists article to be corrected for any error and other scientists reading the article may come up with new questions to study

Which of the following statements about science is accurate?

Science involves collecting and organizing data about the natural world.

Tamar is talking about evolution with a friend. The friend says, "It's just a theory, so I don't believe it. When they prove it and it becomes the law of evolution, then maybe I'll change my mind." Which of these possible replies best describes scientific principles or the work of scientists?

Scientific theories do not become scientific laws; they are explanations for natural phenomena based on evidence.

Look at the map. Which statement BEST explains why policies based on national boundary lines do not always succeed in protecting marine species like this whale?

Whales migrate annually between their winter breeding grounds in one country's territorial waters, and summer feeding areas in another country's waters, crossing boundary lines in each journey.

As the result of an experiment, you reject your hypothesis. Explain why you should not consider your efforts a waste of time.

You still can learn from a rejected hypothesis. You may revise and retest it. Solve the problem

Dr. Smith reads two research papers that present different conclusions about the same question. He knows the researcher who wrote Paper A, but does not know the authors of Paper B. When asked which paper he thinks has more merit, Dr. Smith replies, "Paper A." Because of Dr. Smith's connection to some of the researchers, he could be exhibiting

bias

(5)

creative

Testing hypotheses often involves designing experiments. Which of the following is the factor that is observed and measured in an experiment?

dependent variable

(5)

homeostasis

After her run, Aisha felt thirsty. Thirst was her body's way of telling her she needed more water to maintain _____.

homeostasis

(6)

hypotheses

Camille notices that the leaves of her pothos plant are drooping this morning. The leaves were not droopy yesterday. She decides the plant needs to be watered. What had Camille just done?

made an inference based on past experience and observation

Jane Goodall spent years with the chimpanzees of Gombe. Sitting quietly for hours, she watched the animals closely and took notes about their behavior. What was Jane Goodall doing?

making observations

(3)

metabolism

What four common metric units in Figure 1-5 are used to measure length?

mm, cm, m, km

(2)

observations

In biology, the different areas of study are connected and overlap in various ways, with concepts that cut across all disciplines. Which pair of crosscutting concepts are BEST exemplified when birds fly south when winter comes to the United States, and north when spring arrives? Choose one.

patterns; cause and effect

Dr. Sanchez and her team have observed an unusual star in the Andromeda galaxy. Their data suggests that the star is being consumed by a nearby black hole. They write a scientific paper about their work and submit it to a scientific journal. Other scientists read their paper and look for the unusual star as well. The other scientists are participating in which of these activities?

peer review

(2)

reproduce

(3)

skeptics

(4)

stimuli

What is a goal of science?

to provide natural explanations for events in the natural world

-development of a tiny drone that functions as a robotic bee to pollinate crops -research to create gene-enhanced bacteria with an "appetite" to clean up toxic wastes -attempting to silence certain genes and to enhance expression of other genes in a plant to produce chemotherapy drugs -developing a protein which acts as a "scissors" to cut strands of DNA in a cell in order to insert new genetic material

-other laboratory -biotechnology laborator -biotechnology laborator -biotechnology laborator

Science began out of humankind's natural curiosity to understand and explain the interactions and processes of the natural world. Science aims to use these explanations to understand patterns in nature, as well as to address issues that face the natural world and human society. Which statement BEST reflects the efforts of scientists in pursuing the goals of science?

Scientists review and revise current explanations when new evidence arises.