Biology Chapter 11 Blood

spleen lymph nodes thymus gland

lymphatic tissue is found in lymphatic organs such as the

nutrients and waste products

name two types of substances that are transported in dissolved form in plasma

platelets also called thrombocytes

produced in the red bone marrow

pH

slightly alkaline. The normal pH range of blood is 7.35 to 7.45. venous blood usually lower because of CO2

mitosis

stem cells constantly undergo this process to produce new cells

globulins

synthesized by lymphocytes or by the liver include antibodies include carrier molecules for fats in the blood

clotting factors

synthesized only by liver include fibrinogen and prothrombin help prevent blood loss when blood vessels rupture

albumin

synthesized only by the liver pulls tissue fluid into capillaries to maintain blood volume the most abundant plasma protection

biconcave disks

the appearance of RBCs

52% to 62%

the blood plasma make up what percent of the total blood?

hemostasis (prevention of blood loss)

the function of platelets is

120 days

the life span of RBCs

oxygen

the major regulating factor for RBC production is the amount of _________________in the blood and tissues.

calcium

the mineral necessary for chemical clotting is

7.35 to 7.45 alkaline

the normal pH range of blood is pH range is slightly?

protein iron

the nutrients needed for RBC formation include _____________ and ______________which will become part of the hemoglobin molecule

iron

the oxygen-carrying mineral in hemoglobin is

hemoglobin

the oxygen-carrying protein in RBCs is

blood cells and plasma proteins

the presence of these make blood more viscous than water

5,000 to 10,000 cells/uL

the range of WBC count is

150,000 to 300,000 cells/uL

the range of normal platelet count is

reticulocyte

the stage in which fragments of the ER are present is called

lymphocytes

the stem cells of lymphatic tissue produce the WBCs called

embolism

the term for a clot that dislodges and travels to another vessel is

thrombus

the term for an abnormal clot in an intact vessel is

thrombocytopenia

the term for low platelet count is

viscosity

the thickness or resistance to flow. 3-5 times thicker than water. The thickness contributes to normal blood pressure.

vascular spasm patelet plugs chemical clotting

the three mechanism of hemostasis are?

dissolved

the water of plasma is a solvent, which means that substances may ___________________ in this water and be transported

hypoxia

this term means lack of oxygen

hypoxemia

this term means low blood oxygen level

RBCs WBCs Platelets

what are three types of blood cells?

embolus

what is the term for a moving clot?

thrombus

what is the term for a stationary clot?

nucleus

what major cellular structure do mature RBCs lack?

erythroprotein

when hypoxia occurs, the kidneys produce a hormone called

Blood types

Blood type is inherited. -Types are A,B,AB or O. -The letters represent antigens on the red blood cell membrane. O has neither antigen. Rh factor: is another antigen in RBC's. People with an Rh antigen are Rh +. Without are Rh-

transportation regulation protection

General functions of blood are?

transportation

Nutrients and waste products gases and harmones

thrombocytes red bone marrow

Platelets are also called? They formed from?

megakaryocytes and thrombopoietin

Platelets are fragments of the large bone marrow cells called?

oxyhemoglobin

RBCs pick up oxygen when they circulate through the pulmonary capillaries in the lungs, and this hemoglobin is now called

reduced hemoglobin

RBCs release oxygen in systemic capillaries, and their hemoglobin is then called

hemopoietic tissue

Red blood cells are produced from stem cells in __________________________ (marrow) in bones like the sternum, hip and vertebrae

red bone marrow, flat and irregular

after birth, the primary hemopoietic tissue is __________________which is found in _______________, and _________________

RBC

also called erythrocytes. Hematocrit is a measurement of the amount of RBC's. Normal range is 38%- 48%. Both hematocrit and RBC's are part of a complete blood count (CBC).

4 to 6 liters. cells (also called formed elements) and plasma. The liquid part (range of 52% - 62%)

amount of blood in humans

gamma globulins

are antibodies that aid in immunity

WBCs also called luekocytes

are made in Lymphatic tissue like the spleen, thymus, lymph nodes.

albumin

helps maintain normal BP & volume

normoblast

in RBC formation, the last stage with a nucleus is called a

plasma protein

in blood are synthesized by the liver

yolk sac

in the embryo, RBCs are first produced by an external membrane called the

stem cell

in the red bone marrow, the precursor cell for blood cells is called a

plasma

liquid part of blood. ~ 91% water The water of plasma transports: glucose, amino acids & minerals

against pathogens providing WBC's clotting to prevent loss.

Blood protects?

nutrients waste products gases hormones.

Blood transports?

regulation

acid base balance body temperature fluid-electrolyte balance

alpha and beta globulins

acts as carriers for molecules such as fats

protection

blood clotting destroys pathogens

fluid-electrolyte balance acid-base balance body temperature.

blood regulates?

hemopoietic

a tissue in which blood cells are formed

liver spleen

before the red bone marrow takes over completely, two other fetal organs contribute to RBC productions

38% to 48%

blood cells make up what percent of the total blood?

bicarbonate

carbon dioxide is carried in the plasma in the form of

RBCs

carry oxygen

arterial blood is bright red due lots of O2 venous blood has lost O2 and looks dull red.

color of blood

Platelets

destroy pathogens and provide immunity

WBCs

destroy pathogens and provide immunity