Biology Chapter 14

How many distinct muscle layers are in the walls of the stomach?

3

Select the items that are absorbed into the blood in a villus of the small intestine.

Amino acids Sugars

True or false: The glottis is both an air passageway and a food passageway.

False

Select all of the organs that play a role in mechanical digestion.

Mouth Stomach

What structure regulates the flow of chyme out of the stomach?

Pyloric sphincter

True or false: Both mechanical and chemical digestion occur in the mouth.

True

Peptidases break down small peptides into

amino acids

Which of the following are secreted into the duodenum?

bile pancreatic juice

Pancreatic amylase is important for the breakdown of which biological molecule?

carbohydrates

The semifluid mass of food, gastric juice, and mucus that forms in the stomach is called

chyme

Which of the following are components of the large intestine?

colon anal canal rectum cecum

In the name large intestine, the word large refers to the

diameter of the organ.

In the name small intestine, the word small refers to the

diameter of the organ.

The enzymatic breakdown of macromolecules into small organic molecules within in the digestive tract is called chemical _______

digestion

Chyme enters what portion of the small intestine?

duodenum

Where does bile enter the digestive process?

duodenum

Select the functions of the large intestine.

elimination of feces absorption of some vitamins absorption of water

Select the processes that occur in the digestive tract.

elimination of indigestible remains absorption of chemical nutrients separation of food into chemical nutrients ingestion of food

Bile salts in the bile serve to

emulsify fat in the small intestine.

The muscular tube that moves food from the pharynx to the stomach is the ___________

esophagus

True or false: Bile is produced in the gallbladder.

false

Select the products of chemical digestion by lipase.

fatty acids glycerol

The air passageway that leads directly into the larynx is called the

glottis

Select the substances that are absorbed into a lacteal in the small intestine.

glycerol fatty acids

Select the substances that the liver converts between in order to maintain blood glucose level.

glycogen glucose

The type of acid secreted by the gastric glands of the stomach is ________acid.

hydrochloric

A small lymphatic capillary located in a villus is called a(n)

lacteal

Bile aids in the breakdown of which molecule?

lipids

Bile salts promote the digestion of what biological molecules?

lipids

Accessory organs associated with the human digestive system are the salivary glands, pancreas, gallbladder and the

liver

The gallbladder is closely associated with which organ?

liver

Which of the following are accessory organs associated with the human digestive system?

liver pancreas gallbladder

Select the functions of the liver.

maintenance of blood glucose level detoxification of poisons secretion of bile

Pancreatic amylase breaks down starch to the disaccharide

maltose

Where does mechanical digestion begin?

mouth

The lining of the digestive tract is called the

mucosa

Select organs that deliver secretions to the duodenum.

pancreas liver

The enzyme that is produced as part of the gastric juices is

pepsin

Hydrochloric acid secreted by the gastric glands functions in the activation of

pepsin.

Select the components of gastric juice.

pepsinogen hydrochloric acid mucus

Which of the following is the product of nutrient digestion by the enzyme trypsin?

peptides

Rhythmic muscular contraction that moves food down the esophagus is called

peristalsis

Food passes through the ________ (throat) at the back of the mouth and then into the esophagus.

pharynx

Which structure serves as both an air passageway and a food passageway?

pharynx

Which of the following are functions of the pancreas?

produces sodium bicarbonate to neutralize the stomach acid produces enzymes to break down all types of food

Pepsin is an enzyme that digests

proteins

Which digestive enzyme is found in the mouth?

salivary amylase

The specific molecules within bile that serve to emulsify fats in the small intestine are called bile

salts

The colon region that enters the rectum is the

sigmoid colon.

The longest portion of the digestive tract is the

small intestine

Which of the following is produced by the pancreas to neutralize stomach acid?

sodium bicarbonate

At the juncture between the esophagus and the stomach, there is a circular muscle called a(n)

sphincter

Salivary amylase begins the chemical digestion of ________.

starch

Chyme is formed in the

stomach

Ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination occur in the tube called the digestive _______

tract

Absorption of what molecule occurs in the large intestine?

water