Biology Chapter 3: Section 3-3 Review: Molecules of Life
*B.*_________
*Enzyme*
*C.*_________
*Products*
*A.*_________
*Substrate*
The different shapes and functions of different proteins are determined by...
*a.*...the R groups of the amino acids they contain
The large numbers of carbon-hydrogen bonds in lipids...
*b.*...store more energy than the carbon-oxygen bonds in other organic compounds.
Glycogen, starch, and cellulose are...
*c.*...polysaccharides
Most enzymes...
*d.*...are sensitive to changes in temperatures or pH
The most important function of nucleic acids is...
*d.*...storing information related to hereditary and protein synthesis
Give to examples of steroids.
Examples include testosterone and cholesterol.
*Hydrophilic*, *Hydrophobic*
Hydrophilic means "water-loving," or attracted to water; hydrophobic means "water-fearing," or tending not to interact with water molecules.
What compound composes most of the cell membrane?
Phospholipids compose most of the cell membrane.
Steroids are made up of what type of molecule?
Steroids are lipids.
How is this compound suited to the function of the membrane?
The hydrophobic tails of the phospholipids provide a barrier between the inside and outside of the cell.
What are the storage and quick-energy carbohydrates found in animals, and how are these forms structurally related to each other?
The storage form is glycogen and the quick-energy form is glucose. Glycogen consists of hundreds of glucose molecules linked in a highly branched chain.
How many different kinds of monomers are there in *Proteins*?
There are *20* different kinds.
How many different kinds of monomers are there in *Nucleic Acids*?
There are *4* kinds
How many different kinds of monomers are there in *Starch*?
There is only *1*.
Insects that live on land have a coating of wax on the outer surface of their body. What function might the wax serve for these animals?
Wax serves as a waterproof layer, limiting water loss and preventing insects from drying out.
*Monosaccharide*, *Polysaccharides*
A monosaccharide is a simple sugar containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of 1:2:1. A polysaccharide is a complex molecule composed of three or more monosaccharides.
*Nucleotide*, *Nucleic Acid*
A nucleotide is a compound containing a phosphate group, a five-carbon sugar, and a ring-shaped nitrogen base; a nucleic acid is a very large polymer of nucleotides.
