biology chapter 3 test review

what happens when there is a large input of a limiting nutrient into an aquatic environment

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be able to distinguish between the different consumer type and how they obtain food

1) herbivores---heterotroph that obtains energy by eating only plants examples: cows, rabbits 2)carnivores---heterotroph that eats animals examples: snakes, dogs, owls 3)scavengers---Heterotroph that consumes the carcasses of dead animals but does not typically kill them itself examples: vulture, hyena 4)omnivores---heterotrophs that eat both plants and animals examples: humans, bears, pigs 5) decomposers---Heterotroph that breaks down organic matter examples: bacteria, fungi 6) Detritivore--- Heterotroph that feeds on detritus examples: mites, earthworms, snails, crabs

know the scientific steps that ecologists use

1) observation ----- 1st steps. ask questions 2) experimentation---- test hypothesis 3) modeling---- make model to help understand phenomena

be able to differentiate between a food web and a food chain

A food web consists of many food chains. A food chain only follows just one path as animals find food. eg: A hawk eats a snake, which has eaten a frog, which has eaten a grasshopper, which has eaten grass. A food web shows the many different paths plants and animals are connected.

be able to compare and contract for the photosynthetic producers with chemosynthetic producers

Both produce carbohydrates and oxygen and are essential to the flow of energy through the biosphere. They are different because they get their energy from different sources.

trophic level

Each step in a food chain or food web

The phosphorus cycle

Essential to living organisms because it forms part of a vital molecules such as DNA and RNA. as rocks wear down phosphate its released.

Decomposer

Heterotroph that breaks down organic matter examples: bacteria, fungi, mushroom

Scavenger

Heterotroph that consumes the carcasses of dead animals but does not typically kill them itself examples: vulture, hyena

Detritivore

Heterotroph that feeds on detritus examples: mites, earthworms, snails, crabs

what is nitrogen fixation and what is responsible for it

Nitrogen fixation is the process of converting nitrogen gas into nitrogen compounds that plants can absorb. Only certain types of bacteria can use nitrogen gas directly. These bacteria convert nitrogen into ammonia, when the bacteria does this it is called nitrogen fixation.

know how primary producers make their food

Primary producers like plants make their own food by doing something called photosynthesis. Leaves of plants absorb light from the sun. Leaves of plants also absorb the air that people breathe out, called carbon dioxide. Leaves of plants also absorb water.

explain the role of photosynthesis and respiration in the carbon cycle

Process used by plants and other autographs to capture light energy and use it to power chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and energy rich carbohydrates such as sugar and starches The carbon cycle is the pathways through which carbon is recycled in the biosphere. While cellular respiration releases carbon dioxide into the environment, photosynthesis pulls carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere.

photosynthesis

Process used by plants and other autographs to capture light energy and use it to power chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and energy rich carbohydrates such as sugar and starches carbon dioxide + water + light energy = carbohydrates + oxygen

phytoplankton

Producers, such as floating algae are at the base of every food chain.

autotrophs

Sunlight is the main energy source for life on Earth. Organisms that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use that energy to produce food are called autotrophs, or primary producers.

limiting nutrients

The nutrients whose supply limits productivity.

chemosynthesis

The process in which autotrophs use chemical energy to produce carbohydrates

community

a group of different populations that live together in a defined area

biome

a group of ecosystems that share similar climates and types of organisms

biome

a group of ecosystems that share the same climate and type of organisms.

population

a group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area

carbon cycle

a major component of all organic compounds, including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acid.

identify the part of the water and carbon Cycles

a major component of all organic compounds, including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acid.

human activity

affect the cycle of matter on a global scale 1)burning of fossil fuels 2) clearing of land for building and farming 3) burning of forest 4) manufacture

ecosystem

all of the organisms that live in a place together with their physical environment

ecosystem

all the organisms that live in a place, together with their physical environment.

consumers

also called heterotrophs organism that relies on other organisms for energy and nutrients

biogeochemical cycles

animals passed from one organism to another in the Moon part of the biosphere through closed Loops called biogeochemical cycles 1) biological process 2)geological process 3)chemical process

biotic factor

any living part of the environment the biological influences on organisms are called biotic factors examples: animals, plants, mushroom, bacteria...etc

abiotic factor

any non-living part of the environment physical components of an ecosystem are called abiotic factors example: sunlight, heat, precipitation, humidity, wind, water currents, soil types...etc

community

assemblages of different populations that live together in a defined area.

know example of biotic and abiotic factors in the environment and how they might affect an ecosystem

biotic factors is any living part of the environment abiotic factors is any non-living part of the environment

nutrient cycle

build tissues and carry out life functions. 1) carbon cycle 2)nitrogen cycle 3) phosphorus cycle

biosphere

contains the combined portions of the planet in which all of life exists, including land, water, and air or atmosphere.

ecology

ecology is the scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their physical environment

explain the geological, physical/ chemical, biological and human processes in the carbon cycle

geo 1)volcanic eruptions 2)formation 3) breakdown of rock 4)major movements of matter phy/che 1)formation of clouds precipitation 2)the flow of running water 3) the action of lightning bio the villainy and activities performed by living organisms 1)eating 2)breathing 3)burning food 4)eliminating waste product human affect the cycle of matter on a global scale 1)burning of fossil fuels 2) clearing of land for building and farming 3) burning of forest 4) manufacture

species

group of similar organisms that can breed with one another to produce fertile offspring.

population

groups of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area.

Carnivore

heterotroph that eats animals examples: snakes, dogs, owls

herbivores

heterotroph that obtains energy by eating only plants examples: cows, rabbits

Omnivore

heterotrophs that eat both plants and animals examples: humans, bears, pigs

ecological pyramid

is a diagram that shows the relative amounts of energy or matter contained within each trophic level in a food chain or food web. 1)pyramids of energy----- show relative amounts of energy available at different trophic levels. 2) pyramids of biomass----- show the total amount of living tissue at each trophic level. 3) and pyramids of numbers----- shows the relative numbers of organisms at different trophic levels

food web

is a network of all the food chains in an ecosystem Food webs are very complex. Small disturbances to one population can affect all populations in a food web.

food chain

is a series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten.

heterotrophs

must acquire energy from other organisms------ by ingesting them in one way or another also called consumers

denitrification

other bacteria obtain energy by converting nitrates into nitrogen gas , which is released into the atmosphere

entire planet

our entire planet with all its organisms and the physical environment is known as the biosphere

primary producers.

primary producers are the first producers of energy-rich compounds that are later used by other organisms. also called autotrophs

know the difference and similarities between producers herbivores and carnivores

primary producers are the first producers of energy-rich compounds that are later used by other organisms. herbivores are heterotroph that obtains energy by eating only plants carnivores are heterotroph that eats animals.

water cycle

rain, snow, watch the river flow. ocean------atmospheric water(H2O gas)-----groundwater-------ocean

biomass

show the total amount of living tissue at each trophic level.

zooplankton

small marine animals that feed on algae, can affect all of the animals in the marine food web.

nutrients

the chemical substances that an organism needs to sustain life

what is ecology?

the scientific study of the interactions between organisms and between organisms and their surroundings

biological process

the villainy and activities performed by living organisms 1)eating 2)breathing 3)burning food 4)eliminating waste product

be able to evaluate any of the 3 trophic pyramid

third-level consumer 0.1% second-level consumer 1% first-level consumer 10% primary producer 100% 1)pyramids of energy----- show relative amounts of energy available at different trophic levels. 2) pyramids of biomass----- show the total amount of living tissue at each trophic level. 3) and pyramids of numbers----- shows the relative numbers of organisms at different trophic levels

nitrogen cycle

when all organism require nitrogen to make amino acids, which combine to form proteins and nucleic acids. combine to form DNA and RNA.

be able to analyze information given in regard to the nitrogen and the phosphorus cycle

when all organism require nitrogen to make amino acids, which combine to form proteins and nucleic acids. combine to form DNA and RNA. Essential to living organisms because it forms part of a vital molecules such as DNA and RNA. as rocks wear down phosphate its released.

nitrogen fixation

when bacteria converts nitrogen gas into ammonia

be able to draw a food web from information given in the question

yup

describe the organization level of an ecosystem

1) species---- group of similar organisms that can breed with one another to produce fertile offspring. 2) population----- groups of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area. 3) community----- assemblages of different populations that live together in a defined area. 4) ecosystem----- a collection of all the organisms that live in a particular place, together with their nonliving, or physical environment. 5) biome----- a group of ecosystems that have the same climate and similar dominant communities. 6) entire planet----- our entire planet with all its organisms and the physical environment is known as the biosphere

chemical and physical processes

1)formation of clouds precipitation 2)the flow of running water 3) the action of lightning

geological process

1)volcanic eruptions 2)formation 3) breakdown of rock 4)major movements of matter