Biology Chapter 35 Digestive System and Endocrine System
How many amino acids can a body make?
12
What does the large intestine includes?
colon, appendix, and rectum
What are carbohydrates?
complex marcomolecules such as starches, which are long chains of sugar
What do simple sugars provide?
energy for cells
What is amylase?
enzyme in saliva that breaks down starch into sugars
What are fats?
essential part of the body stores energy
What are examples of steroid hormones?
estrogen, progestrone, and testosterone
The gallbladder stores what?
excess bile
What are the most concentrated energy source available for the body?
fats
What does bile breaks down?
fats
What does enzymes produce?
fats, proteins, and carbohydrates
What do fats break down to?
fatty acids and glycerol
What are villi?
finger-like structures that absorb nutrients from food
What are the systems of the human body regulated by?
hormones
What do pancreas produce?
hormones and enzymes
Where is glucose stored?
in the liver
Where does the digestion begins ?
in the mouth
What do adrenal glands result in?
increased cell activity
What are the functions of the Digestive System?
ingest food, break it down can be absorbed by the body, and eliminate what cannot be digested
What are minerals?
inorganic compounds used by the body as building material, and they are involved with metabolic functions
What are examples of amino acid hormones?
insulin which is made by pancreas
What is mechanical digestion?
involves chewing food to break it down into smaller pieces
What is pituitary gland?
it secretes hormones that regulate many body function, other endocrine glands, and ovaries and testes
Where is the pituitary gland?
it's situated at the base of the brain
Where does the remaining of the food goes to?
large intestine
What are the steps of the digestive system?
mouth-esophagus-stomach-small intestine-large intestine- rectum-anus
What are vitamins?
organic compounds that are needed in small amounts for metabolic structures
What helps move feces through the rectum and out the anus?
peristalsis
Pancreas in the endocrine system
production of enzymes that digest carbohydrates, proteins, and fats secretes the hormones insulin
What are basic structural components of all cells?
proteins
What is small intestine?
push the food farther through the digestive tract by peristalsis
Where are adrenal glands located?
right above the kidneys
How are fats classified as?
saturated or unsaturated
What is chyme?
semi-liquid substance
What do endocrine glands produce?
slides, which are related into the bloodstream and distributed to body cells.
Where are fats digested?
small intestine
Where does the chemical digestion ends?
small intestine
What are three areas mechanical digestion takes places?
small intestine, the mouth, and the stomach
What are the walls of the stomach composed of?
smooth muscle that are involved with mechanical digestion
What is peristalsis?
smooth muscles contracts rhythmically to move food through the digestive system in a process
What are hormones classified as?
steroid and non-steroid or amino acid hormones
What do steroid hormones cause?
target cells to start protein synthesis
What is chemical digestion?
the action of enzymes in breaking down large molecules into smaller molecules
What is large intestine?
the end portion of the digestive tract
What is nutrition?
the process by which a person takes in and uses food
How do hormones move through the body?
through the bloodstream
What is the primary function of the colon?
to absorb water from the chyme to produce feces
Where are simple sugars absorbed through?
villi
What are needed for the body so it can function properly?
vitamins and minerals
What is esophagus ?
a muscular tube that connects the pharynx, or throat, to the stomach
what is calorie?
a unit used to measure the energy content of foods
What do adrenal glands produce?
adrenaline
What do proteins break down to?
amino acids
What is pepsin?
an enzyme involved in the process of the chemical digestion of proteins
What does liver produces?
bile
What do adrenal glands supply?
a burst of energy in stressful situation /;
