Biology Chapter 35 Digestive System and Endocrine System

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How many amino acids can a body make?

12

What does the large intestine includes?

colon, appendix, and rectum

What are carbohydrates?

complex marcomolecules such as starches, which are long chains of sugar

What do simple sugars provide?

energy for cells

What is amylase?

enzyme in saliva that breaks down starch into sugars

What are fats?

essential part of the body stores energy

What are examples of steroid hormones?

estrogen, progestrone, and testosterone

The gallbladder stores what?

excess bile

What are the most concentrated energy source available for the body?

fats

What does bile breaks down?

fats

What does enzymes produce?

fats, proteins, and carbohydrates

What do fats break down to?

fatty acids and glycerol

What are villi?

finger-like structures that absorb nutrients from food

What are the systems of the human body regulated by?

hormones

What do pancreas produce?

hormones and enzymes

Where is glucose stored?

in the liver

Where does the digestion begins ?

in the mouth

What do adrenal glands result in?

increased cell activity

What are the functions of the Digestive System?

ingest food, break it down can be absorbed by the body, and eliminate what cannot be digested

What are minerals?

inorganic compounds used by the body as building material, and they are involved with metabolic functions

What are examples of amino acid hormones?

insulin which is made by pancreas

What is mechanical digestion?

involves chewing food to break it down into smaller pieces

What is pituitary gland?

it secretes hormones that regulate many body function, other endocrine glands, and ovaries and testes

Where is the pituitary gland?

it's situated at the base of the brain

Where does the remaining of the food goes to?

large intestine

What are the steps of the digestive system?

mouth-esophagus-stomach-small intestine-large intestine- rectum-anus

What are vitamins?

organic compounds that are needed in small amounts for metabolic structures

What helps move feces through the rectum and out the anus?

peristalsis

Pancreas in the endocrine system

production of enzymes that digest carbohydrates, proteins, and fats secretes the hormones insulin

What are basic structural components of all cells?

proteins

What is small intestine?

push the food farther through the digestive tract by peristalsis

Where are adrenal glands located?

right above the kidneys

How are fats classified as?

saturated or unsaturated

What is chyme?

semi-liquid substance

What do endocrine glands produce?

slides, which are related into the bloodstream and distributed to body cells.

Where are fats digested?

small intestine

Where does the chemical digestion ends?

small intestine

What are three areas mechanical digestion takes places?

small intestine, the mouth, and the stomach

What are the walls of the stomach composed of?

smooth muscle that are involved with mechanical digestion

What is peristalsis?

smooth muscles contracts rhythmically to move food through the digestive system in a process

What are hormones classified as?

steroid and non-steroid or amino acid hormones

What do steroid hormones cause?

target cells to start protein synthesis

What is chemical digestion?

the action of enzymes in breaking down large molecules into smaller molecules

What is large intestine?

the end portion of the digestive tract

What is nutrition?

the process by which a person takes in and uses food

How do hormones move through the body?

through the bloodstream

What is the primary function of the colon?

to absorb water from the chyme to produce feces

Where are simple sugars absorbed through?

villi

What are needed for the body so it can function properly?

vitamins and minerals

What is esophagus ?

a muscular tube that connects the pharynx, or throat, to the stomach

what is calorie?

a unit used to measure the energy content of foods

What do adrenal glands produce?

adrenaline

What do proteins break down to?

amino acids

What is pepsin?

an enzyme involved in the process of the chemical digestion of proteins

What does liver produces?

bile

What do adrenal glands supply?

a burst of energy in stressful situation /;


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