Biology Chapter 6 test

The current rate of species loss is ____ times the typical rate of extinction

1000

What three Human activities have transformed the biosphere?

Agriculture, Development, and Industrial growth.

How does topsoil form?

Produced by long term interactions between decomposers, soil and plants (100's of years to form

The most important efforts used today to protect biodiversity involve?

Protecting whole ecosystems

Positive of industrial growth?

Provides many modern conveniences

The smaller a habitat island the _____ the number of species that can live there

Smaller

What is the name for the mixture of chemicals that form as a gray-brown haze in the atmosphere?

Smog

The identification of ecological hot spots is important because?

Conservation biologists can then focus their conservation efforts on these areas, which need immediate attention

Why is biodiversity one of earths greatest natural resources?

Species of many kinds provide us with foods, industrial products, and medicines. Diverse species play vital roles in the delivery of ecology goods and services.

Positives of agriculture

Increased food production

Positives of development?

Increased quality of life

Habitat fragmentation ____ the impact of hunting on endangered species.

Increases

While ozone in the upper atmosphere is beneficial to humans, ozone at ground level is dangerous because?

It contributes to respiratory problems

How does urban and suburban development affect the environment habitats?

It creates an increased quality of life and produces a large amount of waste.

What is a monoculture?

It is part of agriculture and it is a cultivation of a single crop in a specific area.

Negatives of agriculture

It requires an intensive use of water, chemical fertilizers, herbicides and pesticides

What happens to soil when rain forrest is cut down?

Its good for one year then bad for the rest

Which is a pollutant of soil and water that is now dropping steadily due to laws that affected the automobile industry?

Lead

Identify three reasons why endangered species are hunted?

Meats, Hides, skin, Body parts hold medicine

The increased concentration of carbon dioxide in air is making oceans ______ and putting stress on coral reefs

More acidic

An example of a nonrenewable resource?

Oil

Which is the name for the bits of ash and dust put into the air by certain kinds of diesel engines?

Particulates

How does plowing land increase the rate of soil erosion?

Worse where land is ploughed and left plant-less between crop cycles

What are five ways that human activities lower biodiversity?

altering habitats, hunting, introducing invasive species, releasing pollution into food webs, contributing to climate change

Species that are brought to new environment by humans usually?

are a threat to biodiversity

Why is preserving entire ecosystems a better idea than protecting a single species from extinction?

bc 1 species doesn't have biodiversity

Nonrenewable resources

cannot be replaced. • Fossil fuels: formed over millions of years when existing deposits are depleted they are gone...

What happens to farmland during desertification?

farming and overgrazing in dry climates can change farmland into deserts

_____ Species can become invasive and threaten biodiversity

introduced

What is ecosystem diversity?

The Variety of habitats, Communities, and ecological processes inn the biosphere.

Species Diversity?

The number of different species in an area or in the biosphere

Burning fossil fuels contributes to what? (3 things)

The production of acid rain The release of particulates into the air Increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

Genetic diversity?

The total of all the genetic information carried by a particular species or by all organisms on earth

What is biodiversity?

The total of all the genetically based variation in all organisms in the biosphere.

Ecosystem Biodiversity is?

The variety of habitats, communities, and ecological processes in the biosphere

List three resources used in agriculture?

Uses extensive amount of water, chemical fertilizers, herbicides and pesticides.

Negative of industrial growth?

Waste: Discarded directly in the soil, air and water

Why have ecologist identified ecological hot spots?

to make sure that the places biodiversity is most needed in is conserved

The global population may be approaching the carrying capacity of the biosphere for humans as it reaches ___?

7 billion people

Desertification is the process through which?

An area with a dry climate turns into a desert due to faming, overgrazing, drought or climate change

Human development that causes a formerly large habitat to be split into small "islands" of habitat is damaging to population because? (3 things)

Biodiversity is reduced Small, isolated population are more susceptive to disturbances there is less space for individuals to breed, find food and water and find shelter

A good example of sustainable development is?

Building a flood processing facility powered by waste from a local farm and surrounded by carefully designed plantings that help filter runoff

Best known case of biological magnification involved the pesticide what?

DDT

What source provides most of the energy for industrial production?

Fossil fuels provide most of the energy for industrial production

What is an example of a renewable resource?

Fresh water

Are mature forrests a renewable resource?

No because they take centuries to regrow

What is the main purpose of biodiversity conservation today?

To keep it

What is topsoil?

Topsoil: mineral and nutrient rich soil and rich in organic matter absorbs and maintains water.

What is soil erosion?

is the wearing away of surface soil by water and wind

How does climate change threaten biodiversity?

its original adapted tolerance abiotic conditions change then organism move to find a more suitable environment

Examples of sustainable uses of soil?

leaving stems and roots of previous crops in place crop rotation: reduces nutrient and soil loss contour plowing: reduces water runoff and soil loss selective harvest of mature trees, and tree farms. terracing: reduces water and soil loss

The practice of clearing a large area of land to produce one crop plant is called ____?

monoculture

Renewable resources

naturally replaced in functioning/healthy ecosystems Watersheds: that are intact and able to function properly cycle water through the natural system for humans to use Damage to natural water systems can decrease the amount of clean water for human use Requires increase economic investment to create clean water through human processes

What component of acid rain kills plants and harms soil?

nitric and sulfuric acids

How can introduced species lead to economic loss?

no predator causes it to grow and kick the other organism out of the area

What are some strategies that encourage conservation? provide an example of one of these strategies?

offer tax credits to ppl who "go green", land is a national park which brings in $$$,paying ppl, carbon credits

A nonpoint source of pollutant might be?

oil washed off a roadway by rain

Negatives of development

produces a large amount of waste

What are some of the challenges that conservationist face

protecting areas that are large enough and that contain the right resources to protect biodiversity, biodiversity causes ppl to change their habits or the way they earn money

How can development be sustainable ?

provides for human needs while preserving the ecosystems that provide renewable resources. • Should cause no damage to soil, water and climate o Uses as little energy as possible o Flexible under environmental stress (drought, flood, heat, cold) o Take into account human economic systems—better for humans than just survival