biology chapter 7
what is the cell theory
-all living things are made of cells -cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things -new cells are composed of existing cells
compare a cell from a unicellular organism with a cell from a multicellular organism in terms of cell specialization
a unicellular organism is very unspecalized. it has to be able to carry all the functions of a living thing in one cell. a multicellular organism is very complex. it is composed of collection of very specalized cells. each cell does a specific thing to work together to keep the whole organism alive.
what is active transport and facilitated diffusion and what are the pumps and channels made of
active transport- uses energy facilitated diffusion- process of diffusion in which molecules pass along the membrane through the cell membrane channels channels and pumps are made of lipid bilayer
what is an organelle
an organelle is a specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a cell
what are ribosomes
cell organelle consisting of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm in a cell; the site of protein synthesis
which of the organelles are exclusive only to plant cells
cell wall vacuole chloroplasts
what are the 4 levels of organization
cell-tissue-organ-organ system
what is the function of the lysosomes
cleans up
what is the function of the nucleus
control center of the cell
know what diffusion and osmosis is
diffusion- process where particles move from an area where they are more concentrated to an are where they are less concentrated osmosis- the diffusion of water through a selectively (picky) permeable membrane
what is the difference between a eukaryotic cell and a prokaryotic cell and what are examples of each
eukaryotic- contain a cell ex. plants, animals, fungi, protists prokaryotic- does not contain a cell ex. bacteria
how does facilitated diffusion and active transport differ
facilitated diffusion is the process of diffusion in which molecules pass along the membrane through the cell membrane channels. this does not use energy. active transport is when the solute moves up from regions of lower to higher concentration. this requires energy. this energy is in the form of ATP.
what are chromosomes
found in the nucleolus
what is hypotonic, hypertonic, isotonic, and osmotic pressure
hypertonic- the solution with the greater concentration of solutes hypotonic- the solution with the lesser concentration of solutes isotonic- the concentration of both solutions is the same osmotic pressure- pressure that must be applied to prevent osmotic movement across a selectively permeable membrane
what happens to a cell in a hypertonic and hypotonic solution
hypotonic- water goes in hypertonic- water leaves
what is cytoplasm
in eukaryotic cells, all cellular contents outside the nucleus
why is the importance of the cytoskeleton
it helps movement in the cell and provides an important structure and provides shape for the cell
what is the function of the cytoplasm
jelly like substance that fills up the cell
what is the function of the ribosomes
make proteins
what is the function of the mitochondria
makes energy
what is the function of the chloroplast
makes food
what is the function of the ER
modify proteins
what is the difference between multicellular organisms and unicellular organisms
multicellular- more than one cell unicellular- organism with one cell
why does a cell expands or shrinks in certain solutions in terms of osmosis
osmosis is the movement of water in and out of a cell. when a cell expands, water is going into the cell (hypotonic) and when a cell shrinks, water is leaving the cell (hypertonic)
how do prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells differ
p- nucleoid, circular DNA e- nucleus, organelles, linear DNA
what is the function of the golgi body
package and ship
what is diffusion
process by which particles tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated
know what diffusion is
process by which particles tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated ex. fabreeze
who was schleiden and schwann and what did hooke and leeuwenhoek do?
schleiden- all plants are made of cells schwann- all animals are made of cells hooke- first to use the word cell leewenhoek- observed pondwater and the tiny microorganisms found in our mouth (bacteria)
what are organelles
specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a cell
what is the function of the vacuole
storage
what is the function of the cytoskeleton
supports, transports
what is the cell theory
that cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things;and that new cells are produced from existing cells
compare and contrast the structure and function of the cell wall with that of the cell membrane
the cell membrane consists of a lipid bilayer. it regulates what goes in and out of the cell of the cell. the cell wall has a mainly structural function. the cell wall allows the cells to maintain shape. these two things both protect the cell but they do it in different ways.
what is the cell membrane
thin, flexible barrier that surrounds all cells; regulates what enters and leaves the cell
what is the function of the vesicles
transports materials
what is cell specialization
when cells throughout the organism develop in different ways to perform specific tasks