biology chapter 7

what is the cell theory

-all living things are made of cells -cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things -new cells are composed of existing cells

compare a cell from a unicellular organism with a cell from a multicellular organism in terms of cell specialization

a unicellular organism is very unspecalized. it has to be able to carry all the functions of a living thing in one cell. a multicellular organism is very complex. it is composed of collection of very specalized cells. each cell does a specific thing to work together to keep the whole organism alive.

what is active transport and facilitated diffusion and what are the pumps and channels made of

active transport- uses energy facilitated diffusion- process of diffusion in which molecules pass along the membrane through the cell membrane channels channels and pumps are made of lipid bilayer

what is an organelle

an organelle is a specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a cell

what are ribosomes

cell organelle consisting of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm in a cell; the site of protein synthesis

which of the organelles are exclusive only to plant cells

cell wall vacuole chloroplasts

what are the 4 levels of organization

cell-tissue-organ-organ system

what is the function of the lysosomes

cleans up

what is the function of the nucleus

control center of the cell

know what diffusion and osmosis is

diffusion- process where particles move from an area where they are more concentrated to an are where they are less concentrated osmosis- the diffusion of water through a selectively (picky) permeable membrane

what is the difference between a eukaryotic cell and a prokaryotic cell and what are examples of each

eukaryotic- contain a cell ex. plants, animals, fungi, protists prokaryotic- does not contain a cell ex. bacteria

how does facilitated diffusion and active transport differ

facilitated diffusion is the process of diffusion in which molecules pass along the membrane through the cell membrane channels. this does not use energy. active transport is when the solute moves up from regions of lower to higher concentration. this requires energy. this energy is in the form of ATP.

what are chromosomes

found in the nucleolus

what is hypotonic, hypertonic, isotonic, and osmotic pressure

hypertonic- the solution with the greater concentration of solutes hypotonic- the solution with the lesser concentration of solutes isotonic- the concentration of both solutions is the same osmotic pressure- pressure that must be applied to prevent osmotic movement across a selectively permeable membrane

what happens to a cell in a hypertonic and hypotonic solution

hypotonic- water goes in hypertonic- water leaves

what is cytoplasm

in eukaryotic cells, all cellular contents outside the nucleus

why is the importance of the cytoskeleton

it helps movement in the cell and provides an important structure and provides shape for the cell

what is the function of the cytoplasm

jelly like substance that fills up the cell

what is the function of the ribosomes

make proteins

what is the function of the mitochondria

makes energy

what is the function of the chloroplast

makes food

what is the function of the ER

modify proteins

what is the difference between multicellular organisms and unicellular organisms

multicellular- more than one cell unicellular- organism with one cell

why does a cell expands or shrinks in certain solutions in terms of osmosis

osmosis is the movement of water in and out of a cell. when a cell expands, water is going into the cell (hypotonic) and when a cell shrinks, water is leaving the cell (hypertonic)

how do prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells differ

p- nucleoid, circular DNA e- nucleus, organelles, linear DNA

what is the function of the golgi body

package and ship

what is diffusion

process by which particles tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated

know what diffusion is

process by which particles tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated ex. fabreeze

who was schleiden and schwann and what did hooke and leeuwenhoek do?

schleiden- all plants are made of cells schwann- all animals are made of cells hooke- first to use the word cell leewenhoek- observed pondwater and the tiny microorganisms found in our mouth (bacteria)

what are organelles

specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a cell

what is the function of the vacuole

storage

what is the function of the cytoskeleton

supports, transports

what is the cell theory

that cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things;and that new cells are produced from existing cells

compare and contrast the structure and function of the cell wall with that of the cell membrane

the cell membrane consists of a lipid bilayer. it regulates what goes in and out of the cell of the cell. the cell wall has a mainly structural function. the cell wall allows the cells to maintain shape. these two things both protect the cell but they do it in different ways.

what is the cell membrane

thin, flexible barrier that surrounds all cells; regulates what enters and leaves the cell

what is the function of the vesicles

transports materials

what is cell specialization

when cells throughout the organism develop in different ways to perform specific tasks