Biology chapter 9

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What is the end result of glycolysis

2 molecules of a 3 carbon molecule called pyruvic acid

At the beginning of glycolysis, ____ ATP molecules are used up to get the process of glycolysis going but ____ ATP molecules are produced giving the net gain of _____ ATP molecules

2, 4, 2

During glycolysis, ________ molecules of ATP are used, and __________ molecules of ATP are made

2-4

Without oxygen, organisms can just split glucose into________molecules of pyruvate

Two

Glycolysis uses what

Two ATPs and makes four ATPs, two NADHs and two pyruvates

When oxygen is _______________ glycolysis follows a different path and this process is called ___________

Not present, fermentation

Aerobic respiration involves after____________ was added to the earths atmosphere

Oxygen

The final electron acceptor at the end of cellular respiration is

Oxygen

______________ is the final electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain, when water is formed

Oxygen

most living things use __ to make ___ from glucose

Oxygen and ATP

_________________ is the molecule that enters the Krebs cycle

Pyruvic acid

______________In bread dough uses alcoholic fermentation and produces carbon dioxide gas

Yeast

Which of the following organisms can perform alcoholic fermentation; yeast, humans, bacteria

Yeast and bacteria

End product of glycolysis

pyruvate

During glycolysis, enzymes split a molecule of glucose into two molecules of

pyruvic acid

What is a product of glycolysis

pyruvic acid

Formula for alcoholic fermentation

pyruvic acid + NADH --> alcohol + CO2 + NAD+

Formula for lactic acid fermentation

pyruvic acid + NADH --> lactic acid + NAD+

What does fermentation do?

releases energy from food molecules by producing ATP in the absence of oxygen

Most of the ATP is produced in the stage _________ of cellular respiration.

three

What can use alcoholic fermentation for energy

yeast

During glycolysis __________________, a 6 carbon compound, is transformed into _________________, a 3 carbon molecule

1 molecule of glucose, 2molecules of pyruvic acid

In all the three stages of aerobic respiration, up to ______ molecules of ATP may be produced from a single molecule of glucose.

38

In the presence of oxygen one glucose molecule has the energy to make up to how many ATP's

38

___ now high energy electrons get passed to the electron carrier _____ and each ______ carries one pair of high energy electrons and are then known as ________ and the ______ carries those electrons to the _____

4, NAD+, NAD+, NADH, NADH, ETC

A way of making ____________ without oxygen is called fermentation

ATP

Aerobic respiration produces much more___________than an aerobic respiration

ATP

Most organisms use oxygen to make____________from glucose

ATP

What is energy in the cell

ATP

During the Krebs cycle, energy is captured in molecules of _______________, _______________, and FADH2

ATP and NADH

Channel protein and enzyme that makes ATP

ATP synthase

____________ is the enzyme that produces ATP during the final stage of cellular respiration.

ATP synthase

Describe ATP synthase and its role

ATP synthase acts as a channel protein, helping the hydrogen ions across the membrane. It also acts as an enzyme, forming ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate

Are the last two steps of cellular respiration aerobic or anaerobic

Aerobic

What performs cellular respiration in the absence of oxygen

Aerobic organisms

In ____________ fermentation, pyruvic acid changes into alcohol and carbon dioxide

Alcoholic

What is fermentation in which pyruvic acid changes into alcohol and carbon dioxide

Alcoholic fermentation

Which of the following are true for both alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation; they start with pyruvic acid, they recycle NAD+ from NADH, they allow glycolysis to continue

All of the above

Which of the following is true about anaerobic respiration; it is a very fast process, it allows organisms to live in places where there is little or no oxygen, involved before aerobic respiration

All of the above

Which of the following is true in lactic fermentation; carbon dioxide is released, NADH is recycled, lactic acid is produced

All of the above

How is speed an advantage of glycolysis

Although the energy yield is small, the process is so fast that is can produce thousands of ATP molecules in just a few milliseconds

Why do your muscles get sore after intense activity

Because your muscle cells used lactic acid fermentation for energy which causes the lactic acid to build up in your muscles which makes your muscles feel tired and sore.

Involved in stage three of cellular respiration

Electron transport chain

Chemical formula of cellular respiration is

C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O

The small holes in red are formed by bubbles of__________________Gas, which is produced by alcoholic fermentation in yeast

Carbon dioxide

A greater concentration of hydrogen ions in the inter-membrane space than in the mitochondrial matrix

Chemiosmotic gradient

"Folds" created by the mitochondria inner membrane

Cristea

In photosynthesis, electron transport comes at the beginning of the process. Where does electron transport occur during cellular respiration

Electron transport occurs during cellular respiration in the third step, the final stage, taking place in the inner membrane of mitochondria

What is fermentation

Fermentation is an important way of making ATP without oxygen

Energy carrying compound produced during the Krebs cycle

FADH2

True or false : Anaerobic respiration is a very slow process

False

True or false : Fermentation is the process of making ATP in the presence of oxygen

False

True or false : Fermentation recycles NADP+

False

True or false : aerobic respiration evolved prior to anaerobic respiration

False

True or false : cellular respiration begins with the absorption of sunlight by the mitochondria photosystem's

False

True or false : just like the chloroplast, the stroma separates the inner and outer membranes of the mitochondria

False

True or false : the Krebs cycle produces 4 ATP

False

True or false: alcoholic fermentation explains why your muscles are sore after intense exercise

False

True or false: anaerobic respiration produces much more ATP than aerobic respiration

False

True or false: there are three types of fermentation ; anaerobic, aerobic, and cellular

False

True or false : like photosynthesis, cellular respiration begins with an electron transport chain

False. It starts with glycolysis.

True or false : Oxygen is the final electron acceptor during anaerobic respiration

False. It's aerobic respiration not anaerobic respiration.

True or false: two NADPH are made during glycolysis

False. NADH

What is the stage of cellular respiration that occurs with or without oxygen

Glycolysis

________________ releases the energy in glucose to make ATP

Glycolysis

The reactions of cellular respiration can be grouped into three stages: ____________, the ____________ cycle, and electron transport

Glycolysis and Krebs

Summarize how up to 38 molecules of ATP are produced for each glucose molecule

Glycolysis and the Krebs cycle both produce two ATP molecules which adds up to four ATP molecules. Electron transport then transfer the energy of NADH and FADH2 into as many as 34 ATP molecules.

Why is NAD+ so important in fermentation?

It allows glycolysis to continue so it can make ATP.

Stage two of cellular respiration

Krebs cycle

In ______________ Fermentation, pyruvic acid from glycolysis changes into lactic acid

Lactic acid

What makes your muscles feel tired and sore after intense exercise

Lactic acid

What is fermentation in which pyruvic acid from glucose changes into lactic acid

Lactic acid fermentation

What recycles during fermentation

NAD+

Energy carrying compound involved in stage one and stage two of cellular respiration

NADH

What is the role of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration

The electron transport chain in cellular respiration transfers energy from NADH and FADH2, which result from the Krebs cycle, to ATP

What is another advantage of glycolysis

The process itself does not require oxygen, therefore making it an anaerobic process

What is the role of oxygen in cellular respiration

The role of oxygen in cellular respiration is that after passing through the electron transport chain, the "spent" electrons combine with oxygen to form water

During fermentation what do the cells do

They convert NADH back to NAD+ by passing high energy electrons back to pyruvic acid

True or false : ATP synthase pumps, by active transport, hydrogen ions back into the mitochondria matrix

True

True or false : One molecule of glucose holds enough energy to produce up to 38 ATP

True

True or false : The first reaction of the Krebs cycle produces citric acid

True

True or false : aerobic respiration evolved after oxygen was added to earths atmosphere

True

True or false : alcoholic fermentation explains why bread dough rises

True

True or false : cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria

True

True or false : cellular respiration that proceeds in the presence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration

True

True or false : mitochondria passes their own DNA and ribosomes

True

True or false : the Krebs cycle comes after glycolysis, during cellular respiration

True

True or false : whereas plants perform photosynthesis, plants and animals perform cellular respiration

True

True or false: anaerobic respiration let's organisms live in places where there is a little or no oxygen

True

True or false: bread rise because of alcoholic fermentation

True

True or false: fermentation allows glycolysis to continue in the absence of oxygen

True

True or false: most living things use glucose to make ATP from oxygen

True

True or false: some organisms can use both aerobic and anaerobic respiration

True

True or false: some organisms may not be able to survive in the presence of oxygen

True

True or false: some plants and fungi and many bacteria do not need oxygen

True

Why is bread light and fluffy

Yeast in bread dough uses alcoholic fermentation and produces carbon dioxide gas. The gas forms bubbles in the dough, which cause the dough to expand. The bubbles also leave small holes in the bread after it bakes, making the bread light and fluffy.

After intense activity, your muscles feel sore because of

accumulation of lactic acid

Cellular respiration in the presence of oxygen

aerobic respiration

Cellular respiration in the presence of oxygen is called

aerobic respiration

Cellular respiration in the absence of oxygen is called ________________ respiration

anaerobic

Cellular respiration in the absence of oxygen

anaerobic respiration

What is respiration in the absence of oxygen

anaerobic respiration

Also known as the Krebs cycle

citric acid cycle

Where does glycolysis occur?

cytoplasm of the cell

As the bonds in glucose are broken and rearranged, ____ is released (glycolysis)

energy

What is an important way of making ATP without oxygen

fermentation

During lactic acid fermentation, NAD+ cycles back to allow ___________ to continue

glycolysis

Fermentation involves _________, but not the other two stages of cellular respiration

glycolysis

Glucose splitting

glycolysis

Fermentation involves which stages of cellular respiration

glycolysis only

The order of stages of cellular respiration is

glycolysis, krebs cycle, electron transport chain

Where are the electron transport chains of cellular respiration located

inner membrane of the mitochondrion

The last two stages of cellular respiration occur in the

mitochondria

What can use lactic acid fermentation for energy

muscle cells


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