Biology Chapters 1-3

The kidney of a dolphin is considered an organ because it is composed of different

tissues.

For metabolic processes to occur within their cells, all living organisms need to maintain homeostasis which means they need

to maintain the correct internal temperature, moisture level, and acidity as well as other factors.

Which of the following pairs of words is matched correctly?

bladder - organ

A covalent bond occurs when

electrons are shared between two atoms to complete their valence shells.

In science, a theory

encompasses many hypotheses.

An atom with a neutral charge has

equal numbers of protons and electrons.

Phosphorus has an atomic number of 15. How many valence shell electrons does it have?

five

The food web in a prairie ecosystem includes grasshoppers which feed on grasses. When the grasshoppers die, their dead bodies are broken down with the help of fungi. List in order the producer, decomposer, and consumer in this system.

grass, fungi, grasshoppers

When a positively charged hydrogen in a water molecule become attracted to the negatively charged oxygen in a nearby water molecule, this is referred to as a(n)

hydrogen bond.

Himari is studying birth and death rates of spotted seals in a portion of Shiretoko National Park. What level of organization is she studying?

population

Of the following examples, which best demonstrates cohesiveness of water?

water moving up a 100-foot pine tree, from the roots to the leaves

Chemical bonds involve

the giving, taking, or sharing of electrons.

Which of the following classification categories for humans is correct?

Homo: genus

How does a strong acid differ from a weak acid?

How does a strong acid differ from a weak acid?

Scientists were studying if white-nosed syndrome is responsible for the deaths of millions of American bats. Scientists hypothesized that white-nose syndrome, caused by the fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans, makes bats die by increasing the amount of energy they use during winter hibernation. What would be the best control group for this study?

non-infected male and female bats hibernating in America

Which of the following correctly lists the levels of biological organization from most complex to simplest?

organism, organ system, organs, tissues, cells

Carbon atoms most often share electrons with

other carbon atoms.

A water molecule, as shown here, is polar because

oxygen has a stronger electronegativity than hydrogen.

Which of the following is an example of the heat capacity of water?

Living organisms are able to maintain their internal body temperatures because the water in their cells resists changes in temperature.

Although Oregon and South Dakota are at similar latitudes, winters in Oregon are warmer and summers in Oregon are cooler as compared to South Dakota. Which of the following might explain these differences between the climate of Oregon and the climate of South Dakota?

Oregon is located near the Pacific Ocean.

Heartburn occurs when stomach acid escapes the stomach and burns the tissues of the esophagus. Baking soda is sometimes used as an antacid. How does baking soda help relieve symptoms of heartburn?

The baking soda is serving as a buffer to remove excess H+ ions from stomach acid.

Which of the following property of water helps an individual who is exercising vigorously maintain a constant body temperature?

Water has high heat capacity.

Liyana is studying predator-prey interactions. One day she notices a fox eating a rabbit. Later that day, a mountain lion eats the fox. How many species are involved in her study?

3

An element has an atomic number of 76. The number of protons and electrons in a neutral atom of the element are

76 protons and 76 electrons.

Which of the following statement(s) is not a true statement with respect to scientific theory?

All scientific theories are considered scientific principles or laws.

Which of the following is an inaccurate statement about extinction?

Correct answer: Scientists are not currently alarmed by the current rate of extinction which is unlikely to rival rates seen during the last 5 mass extinctions.

Which of the following can be categorized as prokaryotic?

Correct answer: domain Bacteria

Which answer choice lists the steps of the scientific method in the correct order?

Correct answer: observation, hypothesis, prediction, experiment, conclusion

Which of the following is a hydrolysis reaction?

Correct answer: starch forming glucose molecules

How does DNA differ from RNA?

DNA is comprised of a double-strand; RNA is a single-strand.

DNA and RNA differ in that

DNA is double-stranded and contains the sugar deoxyribose and the nitrogen-containing base thymine; RNA is single-stranded and contains sugar ribose and the nitrogen-containing base uracil.

The scientific method

begins with observations.

The pH scale is a mathematical indicator of the

concentration of H+ present in a solution.

All honeycreeper species have a similar size and body shape but vary in beak shapes. This is an example of

descent with modification.

Latonya is an avid gardener who spends a lot of time caring for the plants in her garden. To minimize damage from pests, Latonya uses a pesticide spray. After a few years of using the same pesticide spray, she notices that it has become less effective. This is most likely due to

evolution by natural selection.

In general, evolutionary processes lead to organisms that

function well in a given environment.

In addition to carbon, an organic molecule must contain

hydrogen.

The hormone estrogen is________-based.

lipid

Organisms that transform solar energy into chemical energy are called

producers.

Using their lateral line organ, fish can perceive and react to changes in water currents caused by prey and predators. This is an example of

response to the environment.

Alpha helix and beta pleated sheet are characteristic of

secondary structure in proteins.

Which of the following statements about basic solutions is true?

Basic solutions more OH- than H+.

The following figure represents which process?

dehydration synthesis

The figure below is depicting the interaction of water molecules with one another. The weak attractions between water molecules are known as

hydrogen bonds.

If a material mixes readily with water, it is identified as

hydrophilic.

Male amphibians, including frogs and toads, have been plagued by feminization, deformity, behavioral abnormalities and sterility. Biologists from the University of Florida investigated whether reproductive problems among populations of cane toads ( Bufo marinus) are caused by poisons from chemicals associated with agriculture. The biologists collected local adult cane toads from more than 20 different locations. Toads were collected from areas close to agriculture, both large-scale and small-scale farms, as well as from suburbs that are non-agricultural areas. Based on this study, what is the control group?

male toads collected from the suburbs

Cells need buffering agents in order to

minimize the changes in pH of their internal environment.

The number of neutrons present in the nucleus of an average atom of any given element is best estimated by

subtracting the number of protons from the mass number.

Which of the following terms should be categorized separately from the others?

sucrose

A fatty acid that has double bonds is called

unsaturated.

The reactivity of an atom depends on the number of

valence electrons.