Biology: Chapters 12-13 (DNA, RNA, & Protein Synthesis)

Which of the following best defines the process of transcription? A A molecule of DNA is copied into a complementary sequence of RNA B A DNA strand unzips and makes an exact copy of itself C tRNA molecules carry amino acids to match up with the sequence on the RNA molecule D None of the other answer choices

A A molecule of DNA is copied into a complementary sequence of RNA

What is a nucleotide? A A monomer made of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base B A monomer made of a adenosine triphosphate, a phosphate, and a sugar C A polymer made of DNA and RNA D None of the other answer choices

A A monomer made of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

What is the first step in the process of DNA replication? A Uncoiling the DNA B Unzipping the two strands C Condensing the DNA into chromosomes D Pairing up nucleotides

A Uncoiling the DNA

A promoter is a A binding site for RNA polymerase. B stop signal for transcription. C start signal for transcription. D binding site for DNA polymerase.

A binding site for RNA polymerase.

DNA is made up of the listed chemical components except A carbonyl groups. B nitrogen bases. C phosphate groups. D 5-carbon sugar molecule deoxyribose.

A carbonyl groups.

The nucleotides in a strand of DNA are joined by _____ bonds formed between the sugar of one nucleotide and the _____ group of the next. A covalent; phosphate B covalent; nitrogen C ionic; phosphate D ionic; nitrogen

A covalent; phosphate

Most mutations A have no effect on an organism. B are fatal to an organism. C are helpful to an organism. D are harmful to an organism.

A have no effect on an organism.

The discovery that DNA codes genetic information includes contributions by all of the following scientists except A Avery. B Griffith. C Hershey. D Mendel.

D Mendel.

Which of the following uses the sequence of codons in mRNA to assemble amino acids into polypeptide chains? A The cell membrane B The cytoplasm C The nucleus D Ribosomes

D Ribosomes

What happens during the process of translation? A Messenger RNA is made from DNA. B Transfer RNA is made from messenger RNA. C Copies of DNA molecules are made. D The cell uses information from messenger RNA to produce proteins.

D The cell uses information from messenger RNA to produce proteins.

What process does the lac repressor block? A Decoding B Intron C Substitution D Transcription

D Transcription

Which molecules are involved in protein synthesis? A transfer RNA, introns, and mutagens B messenger RNA, introns, and ribosomal RNA C ribosomal RNA, transfer RNA, and mutagens D messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA

D messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA

Which of the following is a nucleotide found in RNA? A deoxyribose + phosphate group + uracil B ribose + phosphate group + thymine C deoxyribose + phosphate group + cytosine D ribose + phosphate group + uracil

D ribose + phosphate group + uracil

The tips of eukaryotic chromosomes are known as A alleles. B eukaryotes. C prokaryotes. D telomeres.

D telomeres.

What term is also used to describe insertion and deletion mutations? A Crossing over B Frameshift mutations C Gene regulation D Substitutions

B Frameshift mutations

What is responsible for holding the two strands of the DNA double helix together at the nitrogenous bases? A The Force B Hydrogen bonds C London dispersion forces D Sugars

B Hydrogen bonds

Which statement below is true about the differences in the process of DNA replication in prokaryotes and eukaryotes? A In prokaryotes DNA replication happens in one direction and in eukaryotes it moves around the circular chromosome in two directions. B In prokaryotes DNA replication happens in two directions at once and in eukaryotes replication can start at many points and move in both directions until complete. C In prokaryotes DNA replication happens in many places along the circular chromosome and in eukaryotes replication occurs systematically in on direction. D There are no significant differences in the replication process between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

B In prokaryotes DNA replication happens in two directions at once and in eukaryotes replication can start at many points and move in both directions until complete.

What portions of RNA are cut out and discarded during the process of RNA editing? A Extrons B Introns C Promoters D Terminators

B Introns

What is one of the roles of DNA polymerase during replication? A It unzips the two strands in a molecule of DNA to begin replication. B It joins nucleotides to synthesize a complementary strand of DNA. C It degenerates the old DNA strand once a new strand is produced. D It uses a strand of DNA to build a new strand of RNA.

B It joins nucleotides to synthesize a complementary strand of DNA.

Which of the following statements about nucleic acids and nucleotides is true? A Nucleotides are chains of nucleic acids held together by bonds. B Nucleic acids are composed of subunits called nucleotides. C Nucleotides and nucleic acids are the same thing. D None of the above.

B Nucleic acids are composed of subunits called nucleotides.

In mRNA, a three-base group that corresponds to a single amino acid is called A an allele. B a codon. C an extron. D an intron.

B a codon.

One difference between a gene mutation and a chromosomal mutation is that A A gene mutation affects the DNA of more genes than a chromosomal mutation. B A gene mutation can involve a insertion or deletion, but cannot result in a frameshift. C A chromosomal mutation can change the number of chromosomes in a cell. D A chromosomal mutation is more likely to be passed on to offspring or daughter cells.

C A chromosomal mutation can change the number of chromosomes in a cell.

Which type of mRNA attach to certain other mRNA molecules to keep them from passing on their protein-making instructions? A tRNA B mRNA C miRNA D rRNA

C miRNA

Genes contain instructions for assembling A nucleosomes. B purines. C proteins. D pyrimidines.

C proteins.