Chap. 2 AP World (Vocab/Questions)

Which one of the following technologies was NOT developed by the end of the Shang dynasty?

Gunpowder

Role of Women in Meroe:

Had a matrilineal system. Women played important role in politics, sometimes queens ruled. Queens would play parts in warfare, diplomacy, and architecture.

La Venta

IT became the most important Olmec center after 900 B.C.E. when San Lorenzo was abandoned or destroyed.

Celts

Peoples sharing a common language and culture that originated in Central Europe in the first half of the first millennium B.C.E.. After 500 B.C.E. they spread as far as Anatolia in the east, Spain and the British Isles in the west, conquered by Romans

Name of group of elite people in china?

Gentry

Zhou dynasty: economic characteristics

-Wheat in north and rice in south = population increase -expansion complicated govt control; transport difficult

Zhou Dynasty: Achievments

-analects of Confucious -five classics -calligraphy -estimated 365.5 days of the year

Qin Achievments

-great wall of china -national census for taxation/labor -standard weights and measures -irrigation projects, agricultural breakthroughs -single law code -uniform taxation

Qin Dynasty: social characteristic

-legalism -persecuted intellectuals

Zhou Dynasty: political characteristics

-ruled through alliances with noble agricultural families (large estates granted in exchange for loyalty, troops, taxes) -mandate of heaven -dynasties

Qin: political characteristics

-very central authority; Shi Huangdi -personally appointed governors to each district; made sure were loyal and would report back to him. -got rid of local aristocratic rulers

Process of arrangement of marriage for a women in china?

1. Parents arranged marriage with husband 2. Women lived in husband's house as stranger to prove she's worth it.

Zhou dynasty

1029-258 B.C.E.

Qin

221-207 BCE

Confucius

A Chinese philosopher; his doctrine of duty and public service had a great influence on subsequent Chinese thoughts and served as a code of conduct for government officials.

Legalism

A Chinese political philosophy that emphasized the unruliness of human nature and justified state coercion and control.

Loess

A fine-grained unstratified accumulation of clay and silt deposited by the wind

Why did the Olmecs align their cities?

Aligned their cities based on paths of certain stars, indication strong beliefs in astronomical events.

Kush

An African state that developed along the upper reaches of the Nile c. 100 B.C.E.; conquered Egypt and ruled it for several centuries.

How important was Family in China?

Family was the basic unit of life in China because the importance of ancestors

Yin/Yang

Two forces in the universe, according to Chinese Theory: Yin is the passive, negative force, and Yang the active, positive force

Divination

Used to determine will of gods; used before taking action; involved sacrifices to gods & ancestors

Llama

Wild or domesticated South American cud-chewing animal related to camels but smaller and lacking a hump

Olmecs used several animals for symbolism, what were they?

Jaguars, crocodiles, snakes, sharks

Shi Huangdi

King of the Chinese State of Qin from 247 BC to 221 BC, and then the first emperor of a unified China from 221 BC to 210 BC, ruling under the name First Emperor.

San Lorenzo

The first center of Olmec civilization that was located near the tropical Atlantic coast of what we know are now the Mexican states of Veracruz and Tabasco.

Chavin

The first major urban civilization in South America, lasted from 900-250 B.C.E., was politically and economically dominant in its densely-populated region.

Tres Zapatos

The last Dominant center, rising to prominence after La Venta collapsed or was destroyed around 600 B.C.E. The relationship among these centers is unclear

Zhou

The people and dynasty that took over the dominant position in north China from the Shang and created the concept of the Mandate of Heaven to justify their rule. This dynasty was remembered as a time of prosperity and benevolent rule. As time went on, centralized control deteriorated and warfare among small states became frequent.

Views of Confucianism on women?

Barely any freedom, stay in house all day, married young.

Mandate of Heaven

Chinese religious and political ideology developed by the Zhou, according to which it was the prerogative of Heaven, the chief deity, to grant power to the ruler of China and to take away that power if the ruler failed to conduct himself justly and in the best interests of his subjects.

Daoism

Chinese school of thought that offered an alternative to the Confucian emphasis on hierarchy and duty, believing that the world is always changing and is devoid of absolute morality or meaning. They accept the world as they find it, avoid futile struggles, and deviate as little as possible from the "path".

What are some of the enduring qualities of the Olmecs?

Carved stone heads of individual leaders, making a calender, and developed a form of writing.

Meroe

Center of the Kush dynasty from about 250 B.C. to A.D. 150; known for its manufacture of iron weapons and tools.

China's development, in many instances, was distinctive because:

China is isolated by natural barriers

Great Wall

Chinese defensive fortification intended to keep out the nomadic invaders from the north; initiated during the Qin Dynasty under the rule of Shi huangdi

Silk Road

Interconnected series of routes through Southern Asia traversed by caravan and ocean vessel.

Famous ruler in the Qin Dynasty?

Shi Huanagdi

Druids

The class of religious experts who conducted rituals and preserved sacred lore among some ancient Celtic peoples. They provided education, mediated disputes between kinship groups, and were suppressed by the Romans as potential resistance

Shang

The dominant people in the earliest Chinese dynasty for which we have written records. Major elements of their culture included ancestor worship, divination by means of oracle bones, and the use of bronze vessels for ritual purposes.

Olmec

The first Mesoamerican civilization, from 1200-400 BCE, this Central Mexican based people created a vibrant civilization that included intensive agriculture, wide-ranging trade, ceremonial centers, and monumental construction. They had a great cultural influence on later Mesoamerican societies.