Biology Chemistry Study Guide
What is the charge of a proton?
+
What is the charge of a neutron?
+/-
What is the charge of an electron?
-
What are the 4 major properties of water?
-Polar - covalent; positive and negative charge -Solvent for many solutions -Exists in all 3 phases -Cohesive
What are 3 signs of chemical reactions?
-hear it -Color change -Bubbles, heat, gas, light
What kind of ion will Sodium become and why?
1-3 valence electrons=positive 5+ valence electrons=negative
How many electrons can fit in each ion cloud?
1=2, 2=8, 3=8
Example of lipids
Butter
Elements found in lipids
Carbon, hydrogen, oxyen
Elements found in carbohydrates
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
Elements found in proteins
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
Elements found in nucleic acids
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phospherous
What do you never do when balancing equations?
Change the subscript
What is the name of the number you place in front of a molecule or atom in an equation?
Coefficient
Example of carbohydrates
Crackers, glucose
Example of nucleic acids
DNA, RNA
Describe the induced fit model
Enzymes are designed to fit with a specific substrate. Kind of like a lock and key
Function of proteins
Enzymes carry out chemical reactions, repairs muscles
Example of proteins
Hair, nuts
What do you call the left and right sides of the equation?
Left - reactant Right - product
Enzymes are many times named for the substrate they work on. Example.
Maltase works on maltose.
How to find neutrons
Mass-protons
How to find protons
Number in top right hand corner of element.
What is the mass of a proton, neutron, and electron?
P - 1 Dalton N - 1 Dalton E - 0 Daltons
What are enzymes and what do they do for us?
Proteins that serve as catalysts in the body. Works on substrates.
How to find electrons
Same number of protons
FUnction of lipids
Store energy and form cell membranes
Why must an equation be balanced?
The 1st law of thermodynamics of matter and energy; matter cannot be created or destroyed
Valence electrons
The electrons in the outermost energy level
What is activation energy?
The minimum amount of energy needed for a reaction to occur
Dot diagram layout
Top row - 6&3 Left row - 2&5 Right row - 1&8 Bottom row - 4&7
Why will oil not dissolve in water?
Water is polar, and oil is non-polar. They do not mix.
pH
acidity level of items. 1-6=acidic, 7=neutral, 8-14=base
Building block for proteins
amino acid
Ion
atoms having lost or gained electrons. Now have a charge
Isotope
atoms of the same lement having different number of neutrons. Different mass.
Covalent bond
atoms sharing electrons
Ionic bond
attaction between two oppositely charged atoms
Atom
building block of matter
Function of carbohydrates
energy
Building block for lipids
fatty acids, glycerol
What does brown paper indicate in a substance and what is the positive sign?
lipids; if transparent, the substance is a lipid
Solution
liquid mixture. Solute (minor component) distributed in major component (solvent)
Function of nucleic acids
make up genetic info
Building block for carbohydrates
monosaccharides
Building block for nucleic acid
nucleatides
What does Biuret Reagent indicate in a substance and what is the positive sign?
proteins; produces lavender to violet color
Compound
pure substance where two or more elements chemically combine
Element
pure substance; cannot be broken into other substances by physical or chemical means
What does Benedict's Solution indicate in a substance and what is the positive sign?
reducing sugars; turns green, yellow, orange, or red
Catalyst
something that assists in chemical reaction. Lowers activation energy
What does iodine indicate in a substance and what is the positive sign?
starch; turns blue-black color
