Biology Chemistry Study Guide

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What is the charge of a proton?

+

What is the charge of a neutron?

+/-

What is the charge of an electron?

-

What are the 4 major properties of water?

-Polar - covalent; positive and negative charge -Solvent for many solutions -Exists in all 3 phases -Cohesive

What are 3 signs of chemical reactions?

-hear it -Color change -Bubbles, heat, gas, light

What kind of ion will Sodium become and why?

1-3 valence electrons=positive 5+ valence electrons=negative

How many electrons can fit in each ion cloud?

1=2, 2=8, 3=8

Example of lipids

Butter

Elements found in lipids

Carbon, hydrogen, oxyen

Elements found in carbohydrates

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

Elements found in proteins

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

Elements found in nucleic acids

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phospherous

What do you never do when balancing equations?

Change the subscript

What is the name of the number you place in front of a molecule or atom in an equation?

Coefficient

Example of carbohydrates

Crackers, glucose

Example of nucleic acids

DNA, RNA

Describe the induced fit model

Enzymes are designed to fit with a specific substrate. Kind of like a lock and key

Function of proteins

Enzymes carry out chemical reactions, repairs muscles

Example of proteins

Hair, nuts

What do you call the left and right sides of the equation?

Left - reactant Right - product

Enzymes are many times named for the substrate they work on. Example.

Maltase works on maltose.

How to find neutrons

Mass-protons

How to find protons

Number in top right hand corner of element.

What is the mass of a proton, neutron, and electron?

P - 1 Dalton N - 1 Dalton E - 0 Daltons

What are enzymes and what do they do for us?

Proteins that serve as catalysts in the body. Works on substrates.

How to find electrons

Same number of protons

FUnction of lipids

Store energy and form cell membranes

Why must an equation be balanced?

The 1st law of thermodynamics of matter and energy; matter cannot be created or destroyed

Valence electrons

The electrons in the outermost energy level

What is activation energy?

The minimum amount of energy needed for a reaction to occur

Dot diagram layout

Top row - 6&3 Left row - 2&5 Right row - 1&8 Bottom row - 4&7

Why will oil not dissolve in water?

Water is polar, and oil is non-polar. They do not mix.

pH

acidity level of items. 1-6=acidic, 7=neutral, 8-14=base

Building block for proteins

amino acid

Ion

atoms having lost or gained electrons. Now have a charge

Isotope

atoms of the same lement having different number of neutrons. Different mass.

Covalent bond

atoms sharing electrons

Ionic bond

attaction between two oppositely charged atoms

Atom

building block of matter

Function of carbohydrates

energy

Building block for lipids

fatty acids, glycerol

What does brown paper indicate in a substance and what is the positive sign?

lipids; if transparent, the substance is a lipid

Solution

liquid mixture. Solute (minor component) distributed in major component (solvent)

Function of nucleic acids

make up genetic info

Building block for carbohydrates

monosaccharides

Building block for nucleic acid

nucleatides

What does Biuret Reagent indicate in a substance and what is the positive sign?

proteins; produces lavender to violet color

Compound

pure substance where two or more elements chemically combine

Element

pure substance; cannot be broken into other substances by physical or chemical means

What does Benedict's Solution indicate in a substance and what is the positive sign?

reducing sugars; turns green, yellow, orange, or red

Catalyst

something that assists in chemical reaction. Lowers activation energy

What does iodine indicate in a substance and what is the positive sign?

starch; turns blue-black color


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