Exam 3 - PSYC241

In rat experiments on memory and learning, rats raised in the enriched environment experienced which of the following:

-Poorer social skills -Slower learning -Fewer dendritic connections -None of these *None of these

Concordance rates of schizophrenia among fraternal (dizygotic) twins is about ___%.

17

Evidence for the heritability of schizophrenia can be seen in what types of studies?

Adoption studies

Ken underwent a neuropsychological test where he put on a sleeping mask and was asked to identify objects by touch alone. He did not do very well and his doctor indicated that Ken may have:

Astereognosia

Brain abnormalities observed in people with schizophrenia (and recreated in rats with the DISC1 gene) include:

Enlarged ventricles

True/False: "Neuroplasticity" is the tendency for plastic particles to accumulate in the brain.

False

True/False: Benzodiazepines are GABA antagonists.

False

True/False: Schizophrenia is caused by a single, recessive gene.

False

True/False: The superior colliculus is responsible for directing our auditory attention to different stimuli in the environment.

False

Split-brain patients is the term given to people who:

Have had their corpus callosum severed

The pulvinar is located:

In the posterior portion of the thalamus

Some children who had experienced a strep infection later developed symptoms of:

OCD

In both humans and nonhuman primates, the part of the brain in the left hemisphere that is larger than on the right is called __________________. This structure is necessary for language.

Planum temporale

Which of the following structures has been shown to be involved in filtering out or ignoring distracting stimuli during covert attention tasks?

Pulvinar

Which of the following is not a positive symptom of schizophrenia?

Social withdrawal

Which of the below is seen as similarities between songbird brains and human brains when it comes to language?

Songbird brains have neural systems for control of vocalization contained in the left hemisphere

The brain structure responsible for guiding visual gaze to intended objects is the:

Superior colliculus

Which of the following is not a basic process in memory and learning?

Transduction

True/False: According to the theory of perceptual load, a large perceptual load decreases perceptual resources for unattended items.

True

True/False: The hippocampus is located in the medial temporal lobe.

True

True/False: Wernicke's aphasia is usually associated with lesions of the left posterior temporal region.

True

Our closest primate relatives, the great apes (chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans) have been taught to do which of the following?

Use American Sign Language

Fill in the Blank: Due to a stroke in her left temporal lobe, Mrs. Simpson now makes no sense when she talks though she has no problem forming words. Mrs. Simpson would be diagnosed with _____________ aphasia.

Wernicke's

Disturbance in reading is called

alexia

Fill in the Blank: The most striking memory impairment suffered by Henry Molaison (patient H.M.) was ____________________ amnesia.

anterograde

You recount to your cousin the time you lived in New York with several friends and your friend Ross married (in the most unlikely pairing ever) your mutual friend Rachel. Your cousin, who had taken a psychology class, comments that this type of memory is a(n) ______________ memory. (There are three possible correct answers to this question.)

autobiographical declarative (i used) episodic

Fill in the Blank: The unconscious shifts in attention that happen in response to important changes in our environment (like when you turn your head when you hear a loud noise) have this "directional" name: __________-_____ (2 words) processes.

bottom up

People who suffer from PTSD have reduced levels of the stress hormone ________________ even though they become more sensitive to it.

cortisol

The frontal eye field and intraparietal sulcus (IPS) make up the cortical network called the

dorsal frontoparietal system.

Fill in the Blank: After a brain injury that damaged her fusiform gyri bilaterally, Suzette could no longer recognize ___________________.

faces

Damage to the _______ in humans produces difficulties in suppressing unwanted reorientation of the eyes toward peripheral distracters.

frontal eye field

LTP can be seen in synapses releasing ________________ where AMPA receptors respond during weak stimuli and ______________ receptors respond to stronger stimuli (by releasing its Mg2+ plug). The result is that the postsynaptic neuron pushes more receptors to the synapse creating a greater binding affinity for that synapse.

glutamate; NMDA

Place cells, which are located in the _______, become active in birds when searching for previously-hidden food. These cells help animals create a cognitive map.

hippocampus

Fill in the Blank: The ____________________ hypothesis proposes that symptoms of schizophrenia are associated with lowered or less than normal amounts of neural activity in the frontal lobes.

hypofrontality

A right-ear advantage for verbal sounds can be observed

in right-handed individuals.

In instrumental (operant) conditioning, an association is formed between an organism's behavior and

its consequences.

The main cause of Korsakoff's syndrome is

lack of thiamine due to chronic alcoholism.

Fill in the Blank: Symptoms in schizophrenia that are abnormalities resulting from the loss of normal functions are called _________________ symptoms.

negative

Fill in the Blank: A form of implicit memory called ________________ memory is how we remember how to do things. This is what Henry Molaison retained after his surgery.

procedural

Family studies of schizophrenia reveal that

schizophrenia is more evident among first-degree relatives of patients than it is among more distant relatives.

"A limited span of time during which exposure and practice with language must occur in order for language skills to develop normally" is a description of:

sensitive period

Developed during the 1930's as a treatment for schizophrenia, the intentional induction of a large-scale seizure through the application of electricity to the scalp has been shown to rapidly reverse the symptoms of:

severe depression

Fill in the Blank: Our limited selective attention generally acts like an "attentional _____________", as we tend to things at the center of our attention and fail to perceive nonattended stimuli.

spotlight

The DISC1 gene, implicated in schizophrenia, is known to participate in:

synaptic plasticity

"The establishment of synaptic connections as axons and dendrites grow" is the best definition of:

synaptogenesis

A symptom of aphasia called "paraphasia" is characterized by

the substitution of words by sounds, phonemes, or unintended words.

Because voluntary attention is under direct, conscious control, researchers refer to it as a _______ process.

top-down

The hard problem of consciousness is

understanding brain processes that produce people's subjective experiences of their conscious perceptions.