Biology DNA and replication

Structure do DNA does not have

5- carbon sugar, ribose

Nucleosomes

8 histones and DNA

Mutation

A change in the base sequence of DNA is called

False Twisted

A double helix is shaped like a (straight) latter

Ribose

A sugar with a molucre RNA

Base pairing

A=T C=G

Nitrogen bonds

A=T two hydrogen bonds G=c three hydrogen bonds

True

Across the center of the DNA helix, a purine must always bond to a pyrimidine

False nope

Adenine always bonds to thymine, ( but occasionally it can also bond to cytosine)

True

Alternating sugar and phosphate molecules form side or the backbone of the DNA molecule

Complimentary base pair

Bases linked by a hydrogen bond on opposite strands of DNA of doubled RNA

Nucleosome

Bed like structure formed of several histones with corresponding DNA

Covalent bonds

Bond that connects one nucleotide to the next nucleotide

Hydrogen bonding

Bond that hold the nitrogen bases to one another across the middle of the helix

Radioactivity, x-rays, excessive exposure to sunlight

Causes accidental damage or changes in existing DNA

True

Chemical analysis shows that a chromosome is composed of half protein and half nucleic

Not in a nucleotide

DNA polymerase

True

DNA replication occurs simultaneously at many sites along the molecule, speeding up the process of replication

False always

Damage to DNA can (never)be repaired

Watson&Crick

Discovered the structure of the DNA molecule

Purine

Double ring structures adenine and guanine are purines

Separate

During replication the two nucleotide chains

Template

Each chain will serve as... for the production of a new DNA chain

Complimentary

Each strand of the DNA molecule can be used to make another strand during replication. This is because the two sides are... to each other

Helicases

Enzyme that breaks hydrogen bonds

DNA polymerases

Enzyme that fills the resulting gaps with new nucleotides

DNA polymerases

Enzyme that proof reads the new strand and looks for errors

Nucleases

Enzymes that cut out damaged sections of DNA

Adenine Guanine Thymine Cytosine

Four nitrogen bases found in DNA

What is the advantage to the multiple sites of replication along the DNA molecule?

Helps go faster

Franklin

Her x-Ray crystallography photographs provided the vital clues in solving the structure of DNA

True

Nitrogen bases are bounded together across the center the center of the helix with hydrogen bonds

Nucleus

Part of cell that replication occurs

True

Phosphates are bonded to sugars and sugars are bonded to nitrogen bases with covalent

What are two functions of DNA polymerase during replication?

Proof reads new strands, and fills gaps when fixing

Histones

Protein that helps pack up DNA

True

Replication results in two copies of the DNA molecule

Ligases

Seal the free ends making the strand complete

Sugar and phosphate groups

Sides the DNA latter is made of

Pyrimidine

Single ring structures cytosine and thymine are pyrimidines

Replication forks

Sites where new nucleotides are added

Nucleotides

Small repeating subunits that compose DNA&RNA

Why is it so important that the DNA molecule be able to make copies of itself?

So they can know exactly what to do and have even so they can divide

Function of DNA cell

Stores the information that directs the ribosomes in protein synthesis

Deoxyribose

Sugar in DNA

What is the primary function of DNA?

The DNA is the storage area for the protein building instructions of the cell

Hydrogen, nitrogen bases

The first step in replication is to break the... Bonds between the...

DNA polymerase

The main enzyme of replication whose function is to link together individual nucleotides along a template strand

False identical

The primary purpose of replication is to produce new DNA strands that are very (different) from the old strands

True

The process of DNA replication produces an identical copy of the original DNA strand

Replication

The process of forming an exact copy of the DNA molecule

Histones

The proteins DNA is tightly wound around

False several places

The replication of DNA begins at one end of the molecule and proceeds to (the other end)

False Four

There are (five) nitrogen bases in the DNA molecule

False a

There is (no) difference between the sugar found in DNA and the sugar in RNA

Hydrogen bonds

What holds together the two sides of the DNA molecule across the center of the helix

Nitrogen bases

What the rungs of the DNA latter is made of

Identical; cell division

When replication is complete two... copies of the DNA molecule have been produced and the cell is ready to begin...

Origins of replication

When replication occurs it takes place at multiple sites along the molecule