Biology EOC Review Part 1

Cells that have differentiated still have most of their genes and they

Can still express those genes.

Gene Expression

Cellular differentiation is the process by which a less specialized cell becomes a more specialized cell type. This process is controlled by

Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets are the three types of human blood cells that have

Different functions but work as one connective tissue.

After fertilization cells, as seen here, divide repeatedly. The next step in the development of a multicellular organism would be

Differentiation

Differentiation

After fertilization cells, as seen here, divide repeatedly. The next step in the development of a multicellular organism would be

Different genes are expressed in different cells

All of the cells in this potato plant have the same DNA. Which of these would best describe why the cells differentiate into different parts of the plant, such as the roots, stems, and leaves?

Each cell selectively uses certain genes to make specific proteins not found in any other cell types.

As organs and organ systems continue to develop in this embryo, the eyes will contain clear, transparent lenses. How does a single group of cells differentiate to produce both the transparent lens cells as well as all the other specialized cells in the completed organism?

A typical human cell expresses only about 5% of its genes at any time. The expression of a gene can be regulated during any step in the transition from a gene to a protein. In each step, there is a control point where the gene can be turned on or turned off. The gene expression can direct embryonic development during cellular differentiation in an embryo. The proteins responsible for the regulation are called

Enzymes

epithelial cells: cells covering for internal and external body surfaces If we were to compare the muscle cells of the puma to the epithelial cells, the muscle cells would contain relatively more

Mitochondria

Immature bone cells, or osteoblasts, manufacture a protein called osteoid as well as several hormones. Because of this, we would expect osteoblasts to contain numerous

Ribosomes

Jellyfish, crayfish, and octopi all have a specialized cell in common. This cell helps the organism determine if it is right-side up. It acts similar to a human's inner ear and helps the organism know if it is unbalanced and detects changes in gravity. This specialized cell is called a

Statocyst

Differentiation

Stem cells begin to transform into different types of cells in the human body in a process known as cell

Blood Cells

Stem cells in human bone marrow divide and differentiate to form various

Mel and Carl conducted an experiment to verify their hypothesis that male eggs of the American alligator, Alligator mississippiensis only hatch at low temperatures. They conducted an experiment and their results were tabulated in the data table. Mel and Carl concluded very high temperatures killed unhatched alligators. What comment(s) would you make to Mel and Carl regarding their conclusions?

They could amend their conclusion and say that the higher temperatures result in more males dying and that the gender of hatchlings is incubation-temperature dependent.

As a plant grows, the stem often becomes thickened and somewhat woody since it is responsible for supporting the upper branches and leaves. Cells in this area of the plant develop

Thickened cell walls

mitosis - cytokinesis- cell differentiation

This embryo began as a fertilized egg; two individual gametes joined to produce one diploid cell. What processes have been responsible for the development seen here, once the egg is fertilized?

Stem cells

This image is of a human embryo. It took many weeks of development to get to this stage. Prior to this, all of the human cells were not differentiated, and the organism would have simply looked like a grouping of all the same type of cells. What is the name given to the type of cells in humans that are not differentiated?

Coiled around histones

When DNA is _____________, the genes within it tend to be inaccessible and silent; that is, they rarely code for proteins.

The zygote undergoes mitosis to create general, non-specialized cells.

When the sperm meets the egg during sexual reproduction, a zygote is formed. This single-cell zygote is the first step of a much more complex multi-cellular organism. Which statement describes the process the zygote undergoes immediately after fertilization?