Biology Exam 1: Chapters 1,2,3,4

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Controlled Experiment

In a ___, a test is run multiple times with only one variable changing.

break and re-form

In liquid water, hydrogen bonds constantly ___

Electron Transport Chain

High energy electrons move through chain in the inner membranes of mitochondria. Electrons combine with O2 to form H2O. High amount of ATP is produced.

Evolution

Individuals with traits that help them survive and reproduce pass the genes for those traits to offspring, driving the ___ of populations.

Growth and Development

Information carried by genes controls the pattern of this in all organisms.

Experiment

Is a carefully designed test

No

Is a virus composed of cells?

No

Is a virus considered alive?

Conclusion

It is supported by the data. Revise and repeat with new hypothesis if needed.

Prokaryotic cells

Lack a nucleus and organelles

macromolecules

Large molecules with complex structure

Scientific Method

The ___ is a series of steps that can provide inside about the natural world.

Dependent Variable

The ___ is the response, output, or effect under investigation.

Independent variable

The ___ is what is being manipulated as a potential cause.

protons

The atomic number corresponds to the number of ___

neutrons

The atomic weight corresponds to the number of protons plus ___

Results

The outcome of the test

Covalent bonds

The sharing of one or more electrons between atoms.

Ionic Bonds

The transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to another.

channels or pumps

Transport proteins are also known as ___

hydrogen bonds

Weak attractions between polar molecules

DNA and RNA

What are nucleic acids

Glycolysis, Citric Acid Cycle, Electron Transport Chain

What are the 3 stages of cellular respiration

Control group, Experimental group, Independent variable, Dependent variable

What are the 4 components of the controlled experiment?

Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen

What are the 4 elements that make up the bulk of living cells?

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

What are the 4 organic macromolecules

Observation, Asking Questions, Forming Scientific Hypothesis, Experiment, Results, Conclusion

What are the 6 steps of the scientific method?

Reproduction, Growth and Development, Energy Use, Order, Cells, Response to the Environment, Evolution

What are the 7 properties of life?

CO2 and H2O

What are the by-products of cellular respiration.

Enzymes, transport, movement, defense, structure

What are the functions of proteins

neutrons, protons, electrons

What are the three types of subatomic particles

Adenosine Triphosphate

What does ATP stand for?

Results

What is the fifth step of the scientific method

Observation

What is the first step of the scientific method

Experiment

What is the fourth step of the scientific method

Asking Questions

What is the second step of the scientific method

Conclusion

What is the sixth step of the scientific method

Forming Scientific Hypothesis

What is the third step of the scientific method

Glucose

Where is ATP stored

Phospholipid bilayer

___ forms a semi-permeable barrier to substances on either side of a cell

ATP

___ is cells energy and is used as a power source for many of their functions. Breaking a bond in it releases energy that can be used to drive other processes.

Forming Scientific Hypothesis

___ is testable explanation (statement) for an observation or a question.

Science

___ is the process of using observations and experiments to draw evidence based conclusions.

Cellular Respiration

___ releases the chemical energy stored in sugars.

Viruses

___ show order and can evolve but do not display all of life's properties to be considered alive.

Glucose

a common simple sugar

nucleus

electrons orbit the ___ at high speeds

Cellulose

makes up much of a plant's body and is the major component of wood.

nucleus

protons and neutrons are located in the ___

monosaccharides

simple sugars

proteins

the most diverse molecules that play important roles in your body

polar

unequal sharing

hydrophobic

water fearing

hydrophilic

water loving

Glycogen

(in animal cells) is energy storing carbohydrate

Element

A basic substance that can't be broken down.

Carbohydrates

A common source of dietary energy for animals and important building blocks of plants.

polysaccharide

A complex carbohydrate

Lipids

A diverse group of organic molecules. We often refer to them as fats, they are all hydrophobic.

Cells

All living organisms consist of these.

Atoms

All matter consists of ___, the smallest units that retain all of the properties of their type of matter.

Reproduction

All organisms ___ their own kind.

Ion

An atom that donates or gains electrons and has an electrical charge.

Molecules

Atoms are usually bonded to each other to form ___.

Prokaryotic cells

Bacteria and Archaea

Life

Biologists recognize ___ through a series of properties shared by all living things.

No

Can a virus reproduce on its own?

Energy storing

Carbohydrates are ___ molecules

True

Cellular respiration is used to turn glucose into energy and then to turn the energy into ATP.

ATP

Cellular respiration produces an energy carrying molecule called ___

Mitochondria

Cellular respiration takes place inside the ___

Order

Each living thing has a complex but well done structure

atomic number

Elements are listed in order of ___

nonpolar

Equal sharing

Energy Use

Every organism takes this in, converts it to useful forms, and expels it.

selectively permeable

Every plasma membrane is ___

Eukaryotic cells

Have a nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles

Plasma membranes

Made from two layers of phospholipids and integrated proteins

Polymers

Molecules created by joining together smaller molecules called monomers

Response to the Environment

Organisms respond to this.

Chloroplasts

Photosynthesis takes place inside the cells of plants and algae in organelles called ___

starch

Plants store sugar as ___

Eukaryotic cells

Plants, Animals, Fungi, Protists

Transport proteins

Proteins embedded within membrane that move large molecules and hydrophilic molecules, like sugar, into and out of the cell.

monomers

Smaller molecules

Enzymes

Speed up the rate of chemical reaction in living organisms.

Glycolysis

Splits sugar into 2 pyruvic acids in the cytoplasm. Small amount of ATP is produced

Citric Acid Cycle

Takes place in the mitochondrial fluid. Pyruvic acids break down to CO2. High energy electrons and small amount of ATP are produced.


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