Biology Exam 1: Chapters 1,2,3,4
Controlled Experiment
In a ___, a test is run multiple times with only one variable changing.
break and re-form
In liquid water, hydrogen bonds constantly ___
Electron Transport Chain
High energy electrons move through chain in the inner membranes of mitochondria. Electrons combine with O2 to form H2O. High amount of ATP is produced.
Evolution
Individuals with traits that help them survive and reproduce pass the genes for those traits to offspring, driving the ___ of populations.
Growth and Development
Information carried by genes controls the pattern of this in all organisms.
Experiment
Is a carefully designed test
No
Is a virus composed of cells?
No
Is a virus considered alive?
Conclusion
It is supported by the data. Revise and repeat with new hypothesis if needed.
Prokaryotic cells
Lack a nucleus and organelles
macromolecules
Large molecules with complex structure
Scientific Method
The ___ is a series of steps that can provide inside about the natural world.
Dependent Variable
The ___ is the response, output, or effect under investigation.
Independent variable
The ___ is what is being manipulated as a potential cause.
protons
The atomic number corresponds to the number of ___
neutrons
The atomic weight corresponds to the number of protons plus ___
Results
The outcome of the test
Covalent bonds
The sharing of one or more electrons between atoms.
Ionic Bonds
The transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to another.
channels or pumps
Transport proteins are also known as ___
hydrogen bonds
Weak attractions between polar molecules
DNA and RNA
What are nucleic acids
Glycolysis, Citric Acid Cycle, Electron Transport Chain
What are the 3 stages of cellular respiration
Control group, Experimental group, Independent variable, Dependent variable
What are the 4 components of the controlled experiment?
Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen
What are the 4 elements that make up the bulk of living cells?
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
What are the 4 organic macromolecules
Observation, Asking Questions, Forming Scientific Hypothesis, Experiment, Results, Conclusion
What are the 6 steps of the scientific method?
Reproduction, Growth and Development, Energy Use, Order, Cells, Response to the Environment, Evolution
What are the 7 properties of life?
CO2 and H2O
What are the by-products of cellular respiration.
Enzymes, transport, movement, defense, structure
What are the functions of proteins
neutrons, protons, electrons
What are the three types of subatomic particles
Adenosine Triphosphate
What does ATP stand for?
Results
What is the fifth step of the scientific method
Observation
What is the first step of the scientific method
Experiment
What is the fourth step of the scientific method
Asking Questions
What is the second step of the scientific method
Conclusion
What is the sixth step of the scientific method
Forming Scientific Hypothesis
What is the third step of the scientific method
Glucose
Where is ATP stored
Phospholipid bilayer
___ forms a semi-permeable barrier to substances on either side of a cell
ATP
___ is cells energy and is used as a power source for many of their functions. Breaking a bond in it releases energy that can be used to drive other processes.
Forming Scientific Hypothesis
___ is testable explanation (statement) for an observation or a question.
Science
___ is the process of using observations and experiments to draw evidence based conclusions.
Cellular Respiration
___ releases the chemical energy stored in sugars.
Viruses
___ show order and can evolve but do not display all of life's properties to be considered alive.
Glucose
a common simple sugar
nucleus
electrons orbit the ___ at high speeds
Cellulose
makes up much of a plant's body and is the major component of wood.
nucleus
protons and neutrons are located in the ___
monosaccharides
simple sugars
proteins
the most diverse molecules that play important roles in your body
polar
unequal sharing
hydrophobic
water fearing
hydrophilic
water loving
Glycogen
(in animal cells) is energy storing carbohydrate
Element
A basic substance that can't be broken down.
Carbohydrates
A common source of dietary energy for animals and important building blocks of plants.
polysaccharide
A complex carbohydrate
Lipids
A diverse group of organic molecules. We often refer to them as fats, they are all hydrophobic.
Cells
All living organisms consist of these.
Atoms
All matter consists of ___, the smallest units that retain all of the properties of their type of matter.
Reproduction
All organisms ___ their own kind.
Ion
An atom that donates or gains electrons and has an electrical charge.
Molecules
Atoms are usually bonded to each other to form ___.
Prokaryotic cells
Bacteria and Archaea
Life
Biologists recognize ___ through a series of properties shared by all living things.
No
Can a virus reproduce on its own?
Energy storing
Carbohydrates are ___ molecules
True
Cellular respiration is used to turn glucose into energy and then to turn the energy into ATP.
ATP
Cellular respiration produces an energy carrying molecule called ___
Mitochondria
Cellular respiration takes place inside the ___
Order
Each living thing has a complex but well done structure
atomic number
Elements are listed in order of ___
nonpolar
Equal sharing
Energy Use
Every organism takes this in, converts it to useful forms, and expels it.
selectively permeable
Every plasma membrane is ___
Eukaryotic cells
Have a nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles
Plasma membranes
Made from two layers of phospholipids and integrated proteins
Polymers
Molecules created by joining together smaller molecules called monomers
Response to the Environment
Organisms respond to this.
Chloroplasts
Photosynthesis takes place inside the cells of plants and algae in organelles called ___
starch
Plants store sugar as ___
Eukaryotic cells
Plants, Animals, Fungi, Protists
Transport proteins
Proteins embedded within membrane that move large molecules and hydrophilic molecules, like sugar, into and out of the cell.
monomers
Smaller molecules
Enzymes
Speed up the rate of chemical reaction in living organisms.
Glycolysis
Splits sugar into 2 pyruvic acids in the cytoplasm. Small amount of ATP is produced
Citric Acid Cycle
Takes place in the mitochondrial fluid. Pyruvic acids break down to CO2. High energy electrons and small amount of ATP are produced.