Biology Exam 1

Which statement is NOT true about bacteria? Question 24 options: Bacteria contain membrane bound organelles. Some are photosynthetic. Some are motile due to flagella. All bacteria are prokaryotes. Bacteria have a cell wall that contains peptidoglycan.

Bacteria contain membrane bound organelles.

"Of the following cell components, which is composed of protein fibers that provide shape and organization to eukaryotic cells?" Cytoskeleton DNA Chromatin Mitochondria Golgi complex

Cytoskeleton

In a neutrally charged atom, the number of __ and __ is equal. Question 19 options: Neutrons and electrons Protons and neutrons Electrons and protons Any two of the three subatomic particles.

Electrons and protons

Which of the following reactions requires the removal of water to form a covalent bond? Glycogen _ glucose subunits Peptide _ alanine + glycine Cellulose _ glucose Glucose + galactose _ lactose Fat _ fatty acids + glycerol

Glucose + galactose _ lactose

Which of the following properties of water enable(s) it to function as a moderator of temperature for living organisms? High specific heat Low specific heat High heat of vaporization High specific heat and high heat of vaporization High specific heat and low heat of vaporization

High specific heat and high heat of vaporization

"Most lipids are hydrophobic because they have ____ bonds. However, there are exceptions and the best known exception is ___" Hydrogen; oil Nonpolar covalent; phospholipid Polar covalent; cholesterol Nonpolar covalent; cholesterol

Nonpolar covalent; phospholipid

The four polypeptides that are joined together to make hemoglobin represent which level of protein organization? Question 21 options: Primary structure Secondary structure Tertiary structure Quaternary structure

Quaternary structure

Which of the following structures is classified as a nucleic acid? Ê adenine RNA thymine guanine cytosine

RNA

"Which of the following terms best describes a conceptual scheme in science that is strongly supported, has not yet been found incorrect, and is based on the results of many observations?" a scientific model an experiment descriptive research a scientific theory or principle experimental results

a scientific theory or principle

Which of the following statements about energy is incorrect? The ultimate source of energy for all living things on earth is solar power. Energy is needed in living organisms for metabolic reactions to occur. Photosynthesis produces organic food. Solar energy can be 100% recycled.

Solar energy can be 100% recycled.

Which of the following molecules is unlikely to be present If you are testing a sample obtained from animals? Monosaccharides Starch Proteins Fats

Starch

Polysaccharides can be energy storages. Those that are found in plants are ___, in animals tissues are ___. Fructose; Glucose Glycogen; Glucose Amylose; Glucose Starch; Glycogen

Starch; Glycogen

All of the following are important to the theory of evolution EXCEPT: environmental change. variation in traits within a population. mutations. inheritance of traits. changes in individuals within their lifetimes.

changes in individuals within their lifetimes.

Which of the following would NOT be a molecule used for energy storage? Ê starch cellulose glycogen chitin

chitin

"Which of the following organelles is found within an autotrophic, eukaryotic cell? Ê" lysosomes ribosomes rough endoplasmic reticulum chloroplast

chloroplast

"The cells that line our respiratory tract, and one-celled paramecia both have these short hair-like projections." Question 13 options: flagella microfilaments centrioles cilia pili

cilia

If a researcher was interested in slowing down the movement of amoebas by disrupting their cell membranes, which protein filaments should she be studying? Ê" Question 11 options: actin intermediates microtubules myosin

actin

"Some members of Daphnia, a water flea, have a genetic mutation that causes them to prefer warmer environments. These members reproduce and pass these genetic changes to their offspring. The next generation will occupy warmer environments not previously occupied by this species. This is an example of:" adaptation homeostasis irritability All of the choices are correct.

adaptation

A nucleolus is Question 16 options: an extra nucleus in the cell. an area in the nucleus where ribosomes are made. an area where the nucleus is synthesized. a membrane-bound organelle. the area in a prokaryote where DNA is concentrated.

an area in the nucleus where ribosomes are made.

Which kind of monomers makes up lipids? Ê Question 14 options: glucose or modified glucose molecules amino acids nucleotides alternating sugar and phosphate groups fatty acids and glycerol

fatty acids and glycerol

"How many molecules of water are used to degrade this polypeptide, using hydrolysis reactions, into its constituent amino acids: alanine-leucine-tryptophane-glycine-valine-alanine? Ê" six five one seven

five

"Evolution is sometimes described as the change from preexisting life-forms to modern-day organisms. What actually changes, in every case of evolution, is the" rate of reproduction. ability of organisms to respond to external stimuli. energy and nutritional demands of the organism. genetic makeup of the species. species' physical appearance.

genetic makeup of the species.

"Without a cytoskeleton, eukaryotic cells would NOT Ê" synthesize protein. have an efficient way to transport materials from one organelle to another. have an efficient means of metabolism. communicate with adjacent cells.

have an efficient way to transport materials from one organelle to another.

"Without a cytoskeleton, eukaryotic cells would NOT" synthesize protein. have an efficient way to transport materials from one organelle to another. have an efficient means of metabolism. communicate with adjacent cells.

have an efficient way to transport materials from one organelle to another.

"If an animal needed to store energy for long-term use, but not be encumbered with the weight of extra tissue, which is the best molecule for storage? Ê" fructose and glucose in the form of honey high-calorie fat molecules complex cellulose molecules starch glycogen with extensive side branches of glucose

high-calorie fat molecules

Atoms or molecules that have gained or lost electrons are called acids. bases. covalent. ions. buffers

ions.

"The atomic number of hydrogen is 1. Based on this fact, all of the following must be true of hydrogen gas (H2) EXCEPT that it" is stable. is covalently bonded. shares one pair of electrons. is polar.

is polar.

Ribosomes are the site of synthesis of DNA. RNA. proteins. nucleoli. glucose.

proteins.

"Keratin and silk are examples of ________, whereas glucose and maltose are examples of ________." proteins; lipids proteins; carbohydrates carbohydrates; proteins nucleic acids; lipids

proteins; carbohydrates

_______ are to ribosomes as lipids are to _______ carbohydrates; rough endoplasmic reticulum nucleoli; lysosomes sugars; peroxisomes proteins; smooth endoplasmic reticulum vesicles; Golgi apparatus

proteins; smooth endoplasmic reticulum

"Cells that primarily produce steroid hormones, such as testosterone and estrogen, have large quantities of" cytoplasmic ribosomes. smooth endoplasmic reticulum. plasma membranes. enzymes. DNA.

smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

All the following are important functions of the cytoskeleton EXCEPT: Question 8 options: storage of food molecules. assistance during cell division. movement of organelles. maintenance of shape. maintenance of organization in the cell.

storage of food molecules

Which of the following molecules is not a monosaccharide? glucose fructose sucrose galactose

sucrose

Membrane-bounded vesicles that contain enzymes for oxidizing small organic molecules with the formation of hydrogen peroxide are vacuoles. vesicles. glyoxisomes. lysosomes. peroxisomes.

peroxisomes.

A cell with a large number of lysosomes would most likely be very active in lipid synthesis. cell division. movement. phagocytosis.

phagocytosis.

"A particular cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane, and mitochondria. It could be a(n) ________ cell." bacterial "animal, but not a plant" "plant, but not an animal" plant or animal plant or bacterial

plant or animal

How do the lipids of the cell membrane and the lipids found in butter and vegetable oil differ? Ê the number of fatty acids attached to the glycerol molecule the glycerol molecule the carbon to carbon bonds lipids of the cell membrane do not have hydrophobic sections of the molecule

the number of fatty acids attached to the glycerol molecule

Which of the following devices is NOT needed for this experiment Litmus paper pH sensor thermometer Vernier technology devices Graduated cylinder

thermometer

"The organization of organisms includes these following levels, (1) organism, (2) cell, (3) molecules, (4) tissues, (5) organ. Which order is correct?" "3,4,5,2,1" "3,2,5,4,1." "2,3,4,5,1." "3,2,4,5,1."

"3,2,4,5,1.

Which is the correct sequence of increasing organization? "Molecule, cell, organelle, organ" "Organelle, tissue, cell, organ" "Atom, molecule, tissue, cell" "Organ, tissue, cell, molecule" "Cell, tissue, organ, organ system"

"Cell, tissue, organ, organ system"

"What is the difference between ""free"" and ""attached"" ribosomes?" Question 18 options: "Free ribosomes occur in the cytoplasm, whereas attached ribosomes are found on the endoplasmic reticulum." "Free ribosomes produce proteins, whereas attached ribosomes produce carbohydrates." "Free ribosomes produce proteins that are exported from the cell, whereas attached ribosomes make proteins for mitochondria and chloroplasts." "Free ribosomes are readily ""used up"" by the cell and are replaced frequently, whereas attached ribosomes remain functional for the lifetime of the cell."

"Free ribosomes occur in the cytoplasm, whereas attached ribosomes are found on the endoplasmic reticulum."

"If you examined the human body, which of the following combinations of elements would be most common?"

"O, N, H, C"

Free radicals are considered dangerous because they attack the atomic nucleus. emit dangerous radiation. "steal electrons from other atoms, causing them to become free radicals." damage oxygen and cause it to become an antioxidant.

"steal electrons from other atoms, causing them to become free radicals."

Which of the following pairs has the most similar chemical properties? Question 10 options: 1H and 22Na 12C and 28Si 16O and 32S 12C and 14C 1H and 2He

12C and 14C

Dan observes a human epithelial cell under a microscope with a total magnification power of 100x. Its diameter is measured at 4.5 ocular units. He performes a calibration of the ocular unit (O.U.) and obtains this relationship: 100 O.U. = 1 mm. What is the diameter of this human epithelial cell? 4.5 µm (micron) 45 µm (micron) 450 µm(micron) 4.5 mm 45 mm

45 µm (micron)

Sam observes a human red blood cell under a microscope with a total magnification power of 1000x. Its diameter is measured at 7 ocular units. He performes a calibration of the ocular unit (O.U.) and obtains this relationship: 1000 O.U. = 1 mm. What is the diameter this red blood cell? 7 µm (micron) 70 µm (micron) 700 µm(micron) 7 mm 70 mm

7 µm (micron)

Which of the following is an example of adaptation? "In a very wet year, some plants grow unusually tall stalks and large leaves." "Over millions of years, the eyes of cave salamanders lose their function." An escaped dog joins a pack of wild dogs and begins interbreeding with them. "A harsh winter kills many birds within a population, especially the smallest ones."

"Over millions of years, the eyes of cave salamanders lose their function."

"Which statement most accurately describes the interactions among ER, ribosomes, and Golgi bodies in exporting protein from the cell?" "Golgi bodies manufacture proteins, which travel through the ER to be packaged by the ribosomes for export." "ER manufactures proteins, which are carried by ribosomes to the Golgi bodies for export." "ER manufactures proteins, which are carried by the Golgi bodies to the ribosomes for export." "Ribosomes manufacture proteins, which travel through the ER and are packaged by the Golgi bodies for export." "Ribosomes make proteins that travel through the Golgi bodies to the ER, which exports them."

"Ribosomes manufacture proteins, which travel through the ER and are packaged by the Golgi bodies for export."

"An elementary student decides to conduct an experiment comparing the effectiveness of two commercial soaps as cleaning agents, using each in paired tests of different types of stains and colors of cloth, where the only variable is the soap used. The student will use the judgment of classmates to decide if the stains remain equal or if soap one cleans better than the other in each test run. However, the student makes no prediction of which soap is expected to perform best." This lacks a hypothesis and is therefore not a scientific test. This lacks any control group (no-soap treatment) and therefore will provide no meaningful results. "Because this is based on the subjective judgments of students, it is not objective and therefore not scientific." "This is a scientific procedure, although it does lack a stated hypothesis describing an anticipated outcome." This experimental design has all the components and procedures of the scientific method.

"This is a scientific procedure, although it does lack a stated hypothesis describing an anticipated outcome."

Arrange in order, the levels of ecological study from most inclusive to most exclusive:" "biosphere, ecosystem, community, population, individual organism" "ecosystem, biosphere, population, community, individual organism" "individual organism, community, population, ecosystem, biosphere" "individual organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere"

"biosphere, ecosystem, community, population, individual organism"

"Fish sperm is composed mostly of the male fish's DNA. If we tested a sample chemically, we should find relatively high amounts of Ê" "nitrogenous bases, sugar, and phosphate groups." phospholipids and steroids. amino acids and unsaturated fats. triglycerides and ATP. globular proteins and stored fats.

"nitrogenous bases, sugar, and phosphate groups."

Suppose you are testing a treatment for AIDS patients and find that 75% respond very well whereas 25% show no improvement or a decline in health. You should: conclude that you have proven the effectiveness of the drug. conclude that only 75% of AIDS patients should be treated. "review the results, modify the drug or the dosage, and repeat the experiment." discontinue experimentation with this treatment because 25% of patients did not improve. begin work on developing a new drug.

"review the results, modify the drug or the dosage, and repeat the experiment."

Tamika is giving her 6 years old child Triaminic childrenÕs Syrup for reducing fever/pain. The instruction on the label suggests two teaspoonfuls for this age group. One teaspoon is equal to 5 mL. How much is the effective dosage? 0.01 dL 0.05 L 5000 µL 0.1 dL

0.1 dL

Bonds between atoms are formed by ___ in the outermost shell. Electrons Neutrons Protons Ions

Electrons

Fluoride atom is usually expressed as 199F. How many neutrons are there in 199F? 10 9 19 28

10

Imagine that 1 milliliter of an experimental drug diluted in a saline solution is injected into 20 pregnant mice to determine possible side effects. Which of the following is a suitable control for this experiment? 20 male mice injected with 1 milliliter of saline 20 male mice injected with 1 milliliter of the drug 20 pregnant mice injected with 2 milliliters of the drug 20 nonpregnant mice injected with 1 milliliter of the drug 20 pregnant mice injected with 1 milliliter of saline

20 pregnant mice injected with 1 milliliter of saline

How many electrons are in the outermost shell of 12C6? Question 23 options: 12 6 10 4

4

"For lab#4 (Cell structures and using microscope), order these steps in correct sequence: 1. Use a cover slip; 2. Add a drop of iodine; 3. Obtain a small piece of onion skin; 4. Use a glass slide" "4,3,2,1" "3,1,2,4" "1,2,3,4" "4,2,3,1"

4,3,2,1"

If an element contains 8 electrons how many electrons will be placed in the 2nd valence shell? Ê 6 2 8 5 11

6

"The pH value of substance A is 3, substance B is 8. Which of the following is correct?" A is more acidic than B by 5X A is more basic than B by 100000X A is more acidic than B by 50X A is more acidic than B by 100000X A is more basic than B by 5X

A is more acidic than B by 100000X

Why is a large surface area: volume ratio needed for cells to function properly? Ê Adequate surface area (plasma membrane) is needed to furnish nutrients to and expel wastes from the volume (cytoplasm). Smaller volumes reduce and larger surface areas reduce the cell's ability to bring nutrients in and get rid of waste. A smaller surface area allows the cell to increase its metabolic activity by bringing in even more nutrients than larger surface areas. The surface area and volume increase at the rate to ensure cell growth and reproduction.

Adequate surface area (plasma membrane) is needed to furnish nutrients to and expel wastes from the volume (cytoplasm).

"An amino sugar called N-acetylmuramic acid is an important building block of the cell wall of some bacteria. Penicillin prevents this amino sugar from being incorporated into the bacterial cell wall. Therefore," Question 17 options: penicillin affects bacteria but not eukaryotes because eukaryotic cell walls are different. bacterial cells that had already formed their cell walls would be unaffected. penicillin would stop the growth of active colonies of susceptible bacteria. All of the choices are correct.

All of the choices are correct.

A saturated fat Ê is solid at room temperature. has fatty acids with no double bonds between the carbon atoms. is of animal origin. All of the choices are correct.

All of the choices are correct.

The plant cell's central vacuole Ê Question 15 options: provides the plant cell with support. stores nutrients and cellular waste products. is a reservoir for water. All of the choices are correct.

All of the choices are correct.

Unicellular prokaryotes lack a membrane bounded nucleus are classified in the domains Bacteria and Archaea are found in almost all habitats All of the choices are correct.

All of the choices are correct.

Which of the following domains contains the most primitive prokaryotes that live in extreme environments? Archaea Bacteria Plantae Fungi Eukarya

Archaea

pH of a solution A =3, solution B=6. Which of the following statements is correct? B is more acidic, by a magnitude of 3x B is less acidic, by a magnitude of 3x B is more acidic, by a magnitude of 1000x B is less acidic, by a magnitude of 1000x

B is less acidic, by a magnitude of 1000x

Choose the correct pathway of information flow in the cell. RNA _ DNA _ protein DNA _ RNA _ protein ER _ DNA _ RNA _ protein ER _ DNA _ Golgi _ protein

DNA _ RNA _ protein

What reagent is used to test the presence of peptide bonds in a solution? Iodine Biuret Benedict Amylase

Biuret

"The Asian shore crab is an invasive species in New England that feeds on the native blue mussels. It has recently been observed that mussels, when they detect Asian shore crabs, develop thicker shells to stop the crabs eating them. This shell thickening behavior is costly to the mussels, and so is heavily regulated. The evolutionary factor here is that only mussels from regions where Asian shore crabs are endemic will thicken their walls when exposed to the crabs. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?" Blue mussels with thick shells come into existence only after Asian shore crab invasion. The selecting agent is Asian shore crab. The shell-thickening trait is passed down to offspring through genes. Thick-shelled mussels have a higher chance of survival.

Blue mussels with thick shells come into existence only after Asian shore crab invasion.

Five glucose molecules can be expressed as ? Ê C30H50O25 C30H60O30 C30H52O26 C6H24O12 C5H10O5

C30H60O30

The electrons are equally shared in _______, and transferred in __________. "CH4, Na+Cl- " "O2, CH4 " "Na+Cl-, H2O " "H2O, N2 "

CH4, Na+Cl-

"Dr. Brown conducts research discovering new drugs for treating cancer. A new drug, BA, seems promising. What is her hypothesis to find out whether she should continue to study drug BA?" Cancer patients receive drug BA are happier. Will drug BA cost less than other cancer drugs? Drug BA makes everyone healthier. Cancer patients treated with drug BA live longer.

Cancer patients treated with drug BA live longer.

Which statement best describe the behavior of carbon? Carbon can share pairs of electrons with two other atoms. Carbon can share pairs of electrons with as many as six other atoms. Carbon can lose up to three atoms. Carbon can share pairs of electrons with as many as four other atoms

Carbon can share pairs of electrons with as many as four other atoms

peptide bond forms between which of these groups? Question 22 options: Amino and aldehyde Carboxyl and amino Hydroxyl and carboxyl Phosphate and hydroxyl Carboxyl and aldehyde

Carboxyl and amino

Which structure would be observed in onion cells but NOT in human epithelial cells? Nucleus Cytoplasm Cell wall Plasma membrane

Cell wall

Which pair of organelles is responsible for supplying energy to eukaryotic cells? Ribosomes and mitochondria Chloroplasts and ribosomes Golgi apparatus and ribosomes Mitochondria and lysosomes Chloroplasts and mitochondria

Chloroplasts and mitochondria

Which of the following relationships is FALSE? Cell wall-support and protection Chloroplasts-chief site of lipid synthesis Nucleus-genetic information Ribosomes-site of protein synthesis Mitochondria-formation of ATP

Chloroplasts-chief site of lipid synthesis

Which of the following microscope parts do you adjust when you want to get a clear image (by moving the stage up or down) at the lowest magnification? Diopter adjustment ring Fine focus knob Diaphragm XY positioner Coarse focus knob

Coarse focus knob

Which statement is NOT true about covalent bonds? Ê Question 12 options: Covalent bonds form when an electron is completely lost or gained from an atom. A covalent molecule contains one or more covalent bonds. A single covalent bond is drawn as a line between two atoms. A pair of electrons is shared between two atoms for each covalent bond. Shared electrons allow an atom to complete its outer electron shell in a covalent molecule.

Covalent bonds form when an electron is completely lost or gained from an atom.

The reaction that takes place when monomers are bonded together to form polymers is called: Hydrolysis Carboxylation Metabolism Dehydration

Dehydration

In the Testing the buffering effects of various biological solutions, why do we use distilled water for testing materials initially? Distilled water is clean so that we could see changes in colors Distilled water contains no other substances so that it serves as a good baseline Distilled water is essential to all life forms so we need to know how it works Acids and bases only work in distilled water

Distilled water contains no other substances so that it serves as a good baseline

Which of the following cell structures is NOT found in a bacterial cell? DNA Cell wall Plasma membrane Ribosomes Endoplasmic reticulum

Endoplasmic reticulum

Which of the following does NOT represent homeostasis? Sensors detect CO2 levels in the blood and trigger an increase or decrease in the rate of breathing. When body temperature drops, you shiver to generate heat; when your body heats up, you sweat and the evaporation cools you. Feelings of hunger and then fullness affect the length of time and quantity of food you eat, keeping your weight near a set point. Energy is captured by plants, then transferred to consumers and decomposers, and eventually lost as heat. Cells adjusting the openings on the bottom of leaves respond to differences in water stress in order to maintain moisture inside the leaf.

Energy is captured by plants, then transferred to consumers and decomposers, and eventually lost as heat.

The basic units of lipids are Nucleic acids Amino acids Fatty acids Glucose

Fatty acids

"After being formed by the ribosomes located on the endoplasmic reticulum, what is the next organelle to which a protein could be transported?" mitochondria smooth endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus nucleus smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Golgi apparatus

"Researchers have been able to study the pathway of a secreted protein by ""tagging"" it with a fluorescent marker. Using this method, you would observe fluorescence moving from the ER to which organelle?" Nuclear membrane Lysosome Plasma membrane Mitochondria Golgi apparatus

Golgi apparatus

Which of the following gives rise to both lysosomes and vesicles? rough endoplasmic reticulum mitochondria Golgi apparatus ribosomes nucleus

Golgi apparatus

Which of the following statements is correct regarding living things? Single cells cannot survive on their own. Viruses are living organisms although they are not made out of cells. Homeostasis is important for living organisms. Some living things do not interact with environments.

Homeostasis is important for living organisms.

pH is a measurement of the concentration of ____ ions.

Hydrogen

The process by which starch is broken down is Hydrolysis Dehydration Denaturation Decomposition

Hydrolysis

Which of the following is NOT important for evolution? Mutation Environment Reproduction Instincts

Instincts

What reagent is used to test the presence of starch in a solution? Iodine Biuret Benedict Amylase

Iodine

The type of bond between Na+ and Cl- in NaCl is called ____________ bond. Question 9 options: Ionic Hydrogen Covalent Hydrophobic

Ionic

Which of the following terms is incorrect in describing this bond between O=O in O2. Double Covalent Non-polar Ionic

Ionic

Which of these statements is NOT true about DNA? Ê It is the genetic material of the cell. It forms a double helix. Adenine pairs with thymine and guanine pairs with cytosine. It contains the sugar ribose. The sugar and phosphate groups form the backbone of the molecule

It contains the sugar ribose.

"Some biologists study the complex interactions of animals and plants in forests or prairies. Such ecology field research often produces slightly different results for different researchers. In contrast, ecology experiments that are run indoors with one organism in a terrarium usually produce results that are repeatable. What is the most likely explanation?" The scientific method is only useful in laboratory settings. It is not possible to establish a control group outside of a laboratory. It is easier to hold all but one variable constant in a laboratory. "Field research is only descriptive, and descriptive research is not strictly ""science.""" Fieldwork is inductive; lab work is deductive.

It is easier to hold all but one variable constant in a laboratory.

What is the name of the handheld electronic device used for recording and collecting data? LoggerPro LabQuest pH probe thermometer beaker

LabQuest

Which of the following statement is incorrect? Homeostasis monitors internal conditions and makes adjustments according to feedback. "As biological complexity increases, each level acquires new emergent properties." Living organisms do not obey the same physical and chemical laws that govern everything in the universe. The cell is the basic unit of structure and function of all living things.

Living organisms do not obey the same physical and chemical laws that govern everything in the universe.

How does a cell rid itself of defective or malfunctioning organelles? The organelles are engulfed by plastids and stored. Defective organelles accumulate until the cell itself dies. Lysosomes assist in the removal of defective organelles by digesting them. Ribosomes remove malfunctioning organelles by degrading the parts. The organelles are exported by phagocytosis.

Lysosomes assist in the removal of defective organelles by digesting them.

Which organelle is most abundant in cardiac muscle cells? Mitochondria Lysosomes Golgi complexes Smooth ER Plastids

Mitochondria

Isotopes are Atoms of the same element with a differing numbers of _______ Neutrons Protons Ions Electrons

Neutrons

Which statement is true about RNA? Ê It contains adenine paired to thymine. One of the bases from DNA is replaced by uracil. It contains the sugar deoxyribose. Its nucleotides contain twice as many phosphate groups as DNA's nucleotides. It is a double-stranded molecule.

One of the bases from DNA is replaced by uracil.

Which of the following is an example of natural selection? Population of moths with dark speckles boomed as industrial sooth production increased over 20 years. Muscle mass of Canadian geese increases as they migrate south for winter. Ivory trade caused a sharp decline in the African elephant population. Dogs with longer legs are able to run faster than dos with shorter legs.

Population of moths with dark speckles boomed as industrial sooth production increased over 20 years.

Which of the following is a FALSE statement about prokaryotes? Prokaryotes are so small that they can be seen only with an electron microscope. "Prokaryotes have a plasma membrane, similar to that of eukaryotes." Prokaryotic cells contain ribosomes. Prokaryotes may contain extra genes in plasmids.

Prokaryotes are so small that they can be seen only with an electron microscope.

Which type of macromolecules are our hair and nails made of? Question 7 options: Carbohydrates Proteins Nucleic Acids Lipids

Proteins

Which is a true statement about ribosomes? Ribosomes contain DNA and protein. Ribosomes are active in carbohydrate synthesis. Ribosomal subunits leave the nucleus after being formed by the nucleolus. Polyribosomes are the subunits of ribosomes. Ribosomes are only found associated with the endoplasmic reticulum in prokaryotic cells.

Ribosomal subunits leave the nucleus after being formed by the nucleolus

Which of the following tests has to be heated to work properly? Simple (reducing) sugars Polypeptide Starch None of the above

Simple (reducing) sugars

Which of the following is NOT one of the top six elements that make up 98% of body weight in organisms? Oxygen Calcium Sulfur Phosphorous

Sulfur

Which of the following best explains why a particular atom may not form compounds readily? The atom has no electrons. The atom has an uneven number of protons. The atom has seven electrons in its outer shell. The atom's outer energy shells are completely full.

The atom's outer energy shells are completely full.

Which of the following is an example of hydrogen bonding? The bond between O and H in a single molecule of water The bond between O of one water molecule and H of a second water molecule The bond between O of one water molecule and O of a second water molecule The bond between H of one water molecule and H of a second water molecule The bond between the H of a water molecule and H of a hydrogen molecule

The bond between O of one water molecule and H of a second water molecule

Which statement is NOT true about bacterial anatomy? The cell wall is located outside of the plasma membrane. The glycocalyx sheath is located inside the cell wall. There may be small rings of accessory DNA called plasmids. Bacteria may have fimbriae that help attach the bacteria to other structures.

The glycocalyx sheath is located inside the cell wall

"An atom of nitrogen attracts electrons more strongly than an atom of hydrogen. In an ammonia molecule (NH3), which of the following best describes the electrical charge of the individual atoms?" The nitrogen is more slightly positive. The nitrogen becomes neutral. The hydrogens are more slightly positive. The hydrogens are strongly negative. Charges balance out and none of the atoms has any charge.

The hydrogens are more slightly positive.

"Carbon-14 is often used for carbon dating, where scientists measure the rate of carbon-14 decay to determine the age of items. Carbon-14 contains six protons and eight neutrons. During the process of carbon-14 decay, one of its eight neutrons becomes a proton and an electron is emitted. Which of the following is the best explanation of what has occurred?" The resulting atom still has an unstable nucleus. The resulting atom is now a different element because the number of protons has changed. The resulting atom is still carbon-14. An ionic bond has formed.

The resulting atom is now a different element because the number of protons has changed.

Which is NOT true of eukaryotic cells? A true nucleus contains the chromosomes. Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bounded compartments. They contain ribosomes that are smaller than those of prokaryotic cells. They all contain mitochondria. They contain many organelles in the cytoplasm.

They contain ribosomes that are smaller than those of prokaryotic cells.

"If sulfur has an atomic number of 16, how many covalent bonds does it form?" Zero Two Four Six Eight

Two

Which of the following nucleotides cannot be found in DNA? Uracil Adenine Thymine Guanine

Uracil

Which objective lens should be used first when you search for cells under microscope? X4 X10 X40 X100

X4

Which of the following microscope parts allows you to center a specimen slide? Objective lenses Ocular lenses Diaphragm XY positioner Course focus knob

XY positioner

Which of the following statements is correct about DpH (acid) ? You compute this value by subtracting pH at 30 drops of HCL (pH30) from pH at 0 drop of HCL (pH0) It is always a positive value You compute this value by subtracting pH at 0 drop of HCL (pH0) from pH at 30 drops of HCL (pH30) You compute this value by subtracting pH at 0 drop of NAOH(pH0) from pH at 30 drops of NAOH (pH30)

You compute this value by subtracting pH at 0 drop of HCL (pH0) from pH at 30 drops of HCL (pH30)

Saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids differ in: the number of carbon-to-carbon bonds the consistency at room temperature the number of hydrogen atoms present all of the choices are differences between saturated and unsaturated fatty acid

all of the choices are differences between saturated and unsaturated fatty acid

Which of the followings is not a property of all living organisms? responding to the environment. acquisition of materials and energy. care for their offspring. reproduction.

care for their offspring.

Which carbohydrate is found in the cell walls of plants? Ê starch chitin cellulose glycogen glycerol

cellulose

Which of the following are structural carbohydrate molecules? Ê starch and glycogen starch and cellulose glycogen and cellulose cellulose and chitin glycogen and chitin

cellulose and chitin

Which of the following pairs is correct? hydrolysis : amino acids --> poly-peptide dehydration : polysaccharidevs--> monoaccharides dehydration : fatty acids +glycerol--> lipid hydrolysis: nucleotides --> Nucleic acids

dehydration : fatty acids +glycerol--> lipid

Tammy measured several round discs. Which of the following discs is the largest? Question 20 options: disc A - diameter = 32 cm disc B Ð radius = 170 mm disc C Ð diameter = 0.4 m disc E Ð radius = 10000 µm

disc C Ð diameter = 0.4 m

Organisms belonging to the same _____ would be the most closely related. kingdom phylum family class order

family

"A cell from a wheat plant contains all of the following, EXCEPT a" cell wall. chloroplast. mitochondrion. cytoskeleton. flagellum.

flagellum.

Which term refers to the attraction to water molecules? Ê hydrophilic hydrophobic hydrolysis photolysis nitrophyli

hydrophilic

Shaun wants to test the hypothesis that drinking energy beverages before exams improves studentsÕ test scores. His teacher suggests that he selects an appropriate number of male and female students for each group. The independent variable and dependent variable for his research are:

independent variable = usage of energy beverage; dependent variable = test score.

The bond between two amino acids is ______. formed by hydrolysis an ionic bond nonpolar known as a peptide bond

known as a peptide bond

"If a cell contains large amounts of rough ER, then" "few, if any, enzymes for biochemical processes are manufactured by that cell." membrane proteins and phospholipids are lacking in the cell. digestive enzymes cannot be manufactured by that cell. membrane lipids could be produced by that cell. large amounts of protein hormones could be exported by the cell.

large amounts of protein hormones could be exported by the cell.

"Each time the water in a cell freezes slowly, long sharp crystals spear through the membrane structures of the cell. However, in the frozen state, virtually no chemical reactions occur. The most likely explanation for the bad taste of meat that has ""freezer burn"" from repeated freezing is the destruction of Ê" the Golgi bodies and their vesicles. lysosomes and resultant autodigestion. rough endoplasmic reticulum causing the release of ribosomes. ribosomes causing them to break into subunits. the nuclear membrane causing mixing of nucleoplasm and cytoplasm.

lysosomes and resultant autodigestion.

Prions are known to cause mad cow disease. the common cold. herpes. sickle cell anemia. hemophilia

mad cow disease.

All of the following are examples of adaptations EXCEPT: mice learning a maze to get food. larger teeth in beavers for gnawing wood. different beak shapes for birds that eat seeds or insects. insects that resemble twigs. flower coloration that attracts pollinators.

mice learning a maze to get food.

Which of these is NOT part of the endomembrane system of the cell? mitochondria endoplasmic reticulum lysosomes Golgi complex

mitochondria

Adenosine triphosphate is an example of a(n) Question 6 options: carbohydrate. protein. lipid. nucleotide. inorganic molecule.

nucleotide.

Which of the following features is NOT found in a bacterial cell? Ê cell wall nucleus cell membrane nuceloid region ribosome

nucleus

"All of the following are dependent on cilia, EXCEPT the" oviduct in mammals. respiratory tract of vertebrates. perm of animals. gills of oysters.

perm of animals.

Which organelle is primarily responsible for oxidizing lipids within the cell? Golgi apparatus chloroplast vacuole peroxisome

peroxisome

A peptide bond is found in which type of biological molecule? Ê carbohydrate lipid nucleic acid protein

protein

Most bacteria live in a solution that is hypotonic relative to the cytoplasm of the bacteria. The cell wall of a bacterium is a peptidoglycan polymer that is tightly cross-linked. Thus the cell wall would therefore function to Question 25 options: regulate the flow of most molecules into and out of the bacterial cell. provide a rigid wall that prevents the cell from swelling. provide a rigid wall that prevents the cell from shrinking. confirm a close relationship to plant cells that have a similar structure and live in hypotonic solutions. make all bacteria fairly uniform in metabolic chemistry.

provide a rigid wall that prevents the cell from swelling.

What cellular organelle is responsible for receiving the mRNA and turning it into a protein? Ê Golgi body ribosome nucleus lysosome

ribosome

The alpha helix and beta sheet are found at which level of protein organization? Ê primary structure secondary structure tertiary structure quaternary structure

secondary structure

Sweating is a useful cooling mechanism for humans because water takes up a great deal of heat in changing from its liquid state to its gaseous state. takes up a great deal of heat in changing from its solid state to its liquid state. can exist in two states at temperatures common on Earth. is an outstanding solvent. ionizes readily.

takes up a great deal of heat in changing from its liquid state to its gaseous state.

Adaptations include all of the following EXCEPT: inborn migratory behavior of young birds born in the Arctic. reduced heart rate and oxygen consumption in seals that dive deep for long periods of time. "larger body size in male gorillas, which fight over females." teaching a pet parrot to talk.

teaching a pet parrot to talk.

A plant cell adapted for waste storage would probably contain a large number of mitochondria. vacuoles. ER. nuclei. ribosomes.

vacuoles.