Biology Exam 2

Animals rely on photosynthesis for:

oxygen and glucose

Why do organisms perform cellular respiration?

to extract energy from chemical bonds in food

The CO2 you are exhaling right now was produced in this step of cellular respiration

Krebs cycle

The primary fuel for cellular respiration is glucose however, your diet is made up of other components such as _____________________ that can be used as cellular fuels.

lipids and proteins

The most important part of the first two steps of aerobic cellular respiration is:

That NAD+ and FAD collect electrons and hydrogen ions for the electron transport chain

Plants make ATP during the process of photosynthesis. Why do they also need to do the process of cellular respiration?

The ATP made is photosynthesis is only enough to fuel the dark (synthesis) reactions. The plant had to do cellular respiration to make large amounts of ATP

In the fall, most of the trees outside don't have leaves. How are they getting the energy they need to stay alive?

They are only performing cellular respiration right now.

Do photosynthesizing plants have mitochondria? Why or why not?

Yes, to supply ATP to power other activities

Which of these is an example of potential energy?

a meal about to be consumed

Which of these statements best explains why your body prefers to perform aerobic respiration as opposed to anaerobic respiration?

aerobic respiration produces far more ATP than anaerobic respiration

Deforestation (removal of trees and vegetation) can ultimately cause a problem for animals because:

atmospheric O2 levels decrease.

Photosynthesis is a process that removes _____ from the environment and releases _____ to the environment.

carbon dioxide...oxygen

Which of the following is part of the Calvin cycle (synthesis reactions)?

carbon fixation

The most ATP is formed during this step of cellular respiration

electron transport chain

During cellular respiration the primary items needed from glucose are __ and the waste product created from glucose will be___.

electrons and hydrogen ions; carbon dioxide

Ethanol and lactic acid are produced by Photosynthesis produces glucose and oxygen while cellular respiration produces carbon dioxide and water.

fermentation

Which step of cellular respiration requires an energy (ATP) investment to begin?

glycolysis

Which of the following organisms perform cellular respiration?

humans bacteria plants insects

The correct order of steps in cellular respiration is

one

A lack of _________________ limits the rate at which mitochondria can break down fuel and produce ATP. The slow down occurs because aerobic cellular respiration is halted.

oxygen

Which of the following is false concerning energy?

potential energy can be converted to kinetic energy energy can't be created or destroyed energy conversions produce heat

The end result of glycolysis is:

pyruvate

The most abundant protein in the world is the enzyme that initiates the fixation of carbon in the Calvin cycle (synthesis reactions). This enzyme is called:

rubisco

Which of these is not an input into photosynthesis?

sugar

Why do leaves change color in the fall?

the amounts of cholorohyll decrease relative to the carotenoids

Your have purchased two nearly identical plants for your dorm room. One plant will be a control plant receiving only water. The second plant will receive both water and a recommended dose of fertilizer. Two months later, you find that the fertilized plant is a little bigger than the control plant. What is the best explanation for this?

the fertilizer contained elements needed for the plant to produce more chlorophyll

Plants are particular about the type of light they can use for photosynthesis. If you were to use a filter on a light so that they plant only received green wavelengths of light, what would you expect to happen?

the light (photo) reactions of photosynthesis should slow way down

The light (photo) reactions of photosynthesis occur in the ________________ while the dark (synthesis) reactions occur in the ________________.

thylakoids, stroma

A leaf on a plant is photosynthesizing rapidly, capturing sunlight to perform the light (photo) reactions. Why will this plant also need to perform the dark (synthesis) reactions?

to make glucose (food) for the plant

Why do plants split water molecules during the light reactions of photosynthesis?

to provide electrons for the light (photo) reactions and hydrogen atoms needed in the synthesis (dark) reactions

A green plant can carry out photosynthesis if given nothing more than:

water, light, and air

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration rely on electron carrier molecules to provide electrons to ultimately help produce ATP. In photosynthesis the source of electrons is from ___ and in cellular respiration the source of electrons is from ____.

water;glucose

Which of the following is false concerning ATP?

when broken down the reaction requires energy

A molecule of chlorophyll increases in potential energy:

when one of its electrons is boosted to a higher-energy excited state after absorbing a photon of light

Suppose an experiment is performed in which plant #1 is supplied with normal CO2 but with water that is labeled with radioactive oxygen atoms. Plant #2 is supplied with normal water but with CO2 that contains radioactive oxygen atoms. Each plant is allowed to perform photosynthesis and the oxygen gas and G3P molecules are analyzed for the presence of radioactive oxygen. Plant # ___ will produce radioactive oxygen gas and plant # ___ will produce radioactive G3P.

1;2

Three important helpers in the process of cellular respiration are NAD+, FAD, and CoEnzyme-A. Where do they come from?

B vitamins from our diet

With regards to special mechanisms of photosynthesis in hot or dry climates, ________ photosynthesis separates carbon dioxide capture and the Calvin cycle physically and uses a special enzyme with a greater attraction for carbon dioxide while plants that use_________ photosynthesis keep their stomata closed during the day to prevent water loss.

C4, CAM

Which of the following items is an output of cellular respiration?

CO2

An animal is kept in a sealed container by itself. What would happen to the gases in the container?

CO2 would increase and O2 would decrease

When oxygen is used to perform aerobic cellular respiration, what molecule does that oxygen eventually become part of?

H2O

The burning of fossil fuels is related to increased levels of atmospheric CO2 levels. This might seem like a good thing for plants, but in reality it is not. Which would be the best explanation for this?

Increased CO2 levels trap heat in the atmosphere which may change climates and prevent certain plant species from surviving.

Pyruvate must be modified to acetyl-CoA prior to entering

Krebs cycle

Which of the following is false concerning the locations of the following processes?

Krebs cycle occurs in the cytoplasm

During the electron transport chain, which molecules will be providing high energy electrons?

NADH and FADH2

The energy transformation pathways of cellular respiration and photosynthesis are related in which of the following ways?

Photosynthesis produces glucose and oxygen while cellular respiration produces carbon dioxide and water.