Biology Exam 2 (Chapters 5-7)

How is the overall reaction for cellular respiration best interpreted? A) A single reaction leads to the function of the products of this process B) Since bacteria are all anaerobic they cannot conduct the process C) ATP is made in stages but the equation summarizes the process D) ATP can only be made by aerobic cellular respiration E) Only glucose can be used to produce ATP

C) ATP is made in stages but the equation summarizes the process

Animal cells as you know, lack a cell wall. What is the primary consequences of this? A) Animal cells shrink more than cells with cell walls due to water loss B) There is no real consequences as that is just how they are made C) Animal cells are more liable to burst due to water intake D) Animal cells are able to resist shrinkage due to water loss E) Animal cells are able to resist bursting due to water intake

C) Animal cells are more liable to burst due to water intake

Fermentation generates ATP but it is not preferred by aerobic organisms that are able to perform it. Which of the following describes its significance most completely? A) The ATP it produces is not helpful enough. B) The ATP it produces is helpful but wasted are harmful to the organism C) The ATP its produces s helpful and wastes are managed by the organism D) The ATP it produces is helpful an the wastes are managed by the organism and are often useful to humans.

D) The ATP it produces is helpful an the wastes are managed by the organism and are often useful to humans.

Enzymes play a vital role in the life of any cell. Which of the following is an incorrect match for them? A) They can be slowed down or inhibited when needed B) They have been pockets within them called active sites C) They can be reused many times before becoming inactive D) They can be found in any category of bio molecules E) They allow any reaction to happen much, much faster

D) They can be found in any category of bio molecules

Proteins play a wide array of different roles including serving as enzymes so like proteins, enzymes depend on having a complex 3-D shape. Which of the following would therefore compromise the function of an enzyme? A) pH B) Ion concentration C) temperature D) all of the above

D) all of the above

ATP generation in cellular respiration happens in stages. Select the statement that is most accurate with regard to these stages A) They all involve a single reaction each B) They all produce relatively similar levels of ATP C) They all happen inside the mitochondria in eukaryotes D) They all require the participation of oxygen E) They all contribute toward increasing ATP production

E) They all contribute toward increasing ATP production

Energy is defined as the capacity to make change happen (in other words, allow for work). Which of the following statements is not true with regard to energy? A) 100% of it can be transformed to a usable form when an energy conversion happens. B) New energy can never be generated and pre-existing energy cannot be destroyed C) Energy for the reactions within cells can only be obtained directly from ATP D) Energy exists in a variety of different forms like solar, wind and chemical energy. E) Thermal energy contributes to random molecular motion and increased disorder

A) 100% of it can be transformed to a usable form when an energy conversion happens.

Some prokaryotic and all eukaryotic cells use oxygen to harvest energy from food molecules. What do the other organisms do to power cell work? A) Anaerobic respiration B) Aerobic respiration C) Photosynthesis D) Fermentation

A) Anaerobic respiration

Energy harvesting processes that serve energy needs of all organisms include(s) A) Cellular respiration B) fermentation C) photosynthesis D) DNA replication E) protein synthesis

A) Cellular respiration C) photosynthesis

Energy comes in many different forms but they are essentially some variant of potential energy or kinetic energy. Which of the following is an incorrect match for energy type? A) Energy inside bonds of chemicals-kinetic energy B) Energy in water behind a dam wall-potential energy C) Energy in a ball sitting on top of a hill-potential energy D) Energy in a moving arrow-kinetic energy E) Energy within food-potential energy

A) Energy inside bonds of chemicals-kinetic energy

Fermentation is an alternative for making ATP. Fermentation is connected to: (Select any that apply) A) It can happen in muscle cells of humans B) Production of ATP by cells are usually aerobic when oxygen is low C) Humans rely on it to produce many products they rely on D) All organisms have the ability to conduct this process E) Mainly certain bacteria and fungi conduct this process

A) It can happen in muscle cells of humans B) Production of ATP by cells are usually aerobic when oxygen is low C) Humans rely on it to produce many products they rely on E) Mainly certain bacteria and fungi conduct this process

The ultimate source of energy for life on land surface waters (including the ocean) is: A) Sugars B) ATP C) Sunlight D) Plants E) Algae

C) Sunlight

Diffusion is one way in which substances move. What is a feature that is NOT tied to diffusion? A) The movement of substances via diffusion requires input of energy B) Substances move from higher concentration to lower concentration C) Osmosis is a special type of diffusion that is specific to water alone D) Diffusion across a membrane can occur because of its semi-permeable nature E) Diffusion ceases when equilibrium is reached and molecules are uniformly distributed

A) The movement of substances via diffusion requires input of energy

The earliest organisms on the planet did not have access to O2. What was the consequence of this? A) They could make ATP but only using anaerobic pathways B) They could perform photosynthesis but they did not produce oxygen C) They could not perform photosynthesis or cellular respiration D) They could not perform photosynthesis because it requires oxygen E) They could not make ATP because it can only be made aerobically

A) They could make ATP but only using anaerobic pathways

The purpose of fermentation from the side of the organism conducting it is ______. A) To provide low levels of ATP when oxygen is lacking B) To supplement ATP that is made by cellular respiration C) To provide various foods that are easily digested D) To eliminate toxic by-products of glycolysis

A) To provide low levels of ATP when oxygen is lacking

Which correctly identifies the different processes in cellular respiration? A) 1. Glycolysis 2. Electron transport 3. Citric acid cycle B) 1. Glycolysis 2. Citric acid cycle 3. Electron transport C) 1. Citric acid cycle 2. Electron transport 3. Citric acid cycle D) 1.Electron transport 2. Glycolysis 3. Citric acid cycle

B) 1. Glycolysis 2. Citric acid cycle 3. Electron transport

The source of energy that directly fuels metabolism within cells is: A) Sugars B) ATP C) Sunlight D) Starch E) Fats

B) ATP

Which terms are connected to organisms that can conduct photosynthesis? Select any that apply A) Chemotroph B) Autotrpoh C) Phototroph D) Heterotroph E) Producer

B) Autotrpoh C) Phototroph E) Producer

What is photosynthesis MAIN purpose? A) Produce ATP energy for the organism B) Build food for the organism C) Uses the oxygen atoms in CO2 to build O2 D) Breaks down food molecules for the organism

B) Build food for the organism

The Calvin Cycle has ___ as a reactant and ___ as a product, in the BROADEST view. A) ATP; Carbohydrates B) CO2; Carbohydrates C) H20; Carbohydrates D) ATP; Glucose E) CO2; Glucose

B) CO2; Carbohydrates

Chloroplasts were not the earliest site for photosynthesis because they were derived from: A) Aerobic bacteria B) Cyanobacteria C) Archea D) Algae E) Yeasts

B) Cyanobacteria

Considering the overall equation for photosynthesis. Which REACTANT participates in the light reactions? A) CO2 B) H2O C) Glucose D) Oxygen

B) H2O

Which categories of organisms must obtain their fuel molecules from other organisms? Select any that apply. A) Autotrophs B) Heterotroph C) Consumers D) Decomposers E) Producers

B) Heterotroph C) Consumers D) Decomposers

Which of the following represents the overall energy conversion that is unique to photosynthesis? A) Chemical energy in carbohydrates to chemical energy in ATP B) Light energy to chemical energy in ATP to chemical energy in carbohydrates C) Chemical energy in ATP to chemical energy in carbohydrates D) Light energy to kinetic energy in ATP synthase E) Light energy ti chemical energy in ATP

B) Light energy to chemical energy in ATP to chemical energy in carbohydrates

Photosynthesis is conducted by: (Select all that apply) A) Fungi B) Macroalgae C) Microalgae D) Cyanobacteria E) Plants

B) Macroalgae C) Microalgae D) Cyanobacteria E) Plants

Which of the following are examples of cells/organisms that conduct fermentation? A) Liver cells B) Muscle cells C) All aerobes D) Some aerobes E) Some anaerobes

B) Muscle cells D) Some aerobes

If a cell is unable to perform aerobic cellular respiration what will then happen? A) CO2 will build up in the cell and become toxic B) No ATP will be produced causing all energy-requiring cell functions to cease C) Excess ATP will be produced, causing the cell's metabolism to increase D) No O2 will be produced and the cell will die

B) No ATP will be produced causing all energy-requiring cell functions to cease

Considering the nature of photosynthesis, any organism conducting its is a: Select any that apply A) Eukaryote B) Phototroph C) Autotroph D) Chemotroph E) Producer

B) Phototroph C) Autotroph E) Producer

In order to transform the _____ of ATP into _____ available to do work, the bonds of ATP must be broken into ADP and an available phosphate group A) Kinetic energy; potential energy B) Potential energy; kinetic energy C) Kinetic energy; kinetic energy D) Potential energy; potential energy

B) Potential energy; kinetic energy

Photosynthesis can only be conducted by A) Algae B) Producers C) Cyanobacteria D) Plants E) Decomposers

B) Producers

Many insecticides operate as permanent enzyme inhibitors. Organophosphate insecticides interfere with nerve transmission, affecting not only insecticides but also humans and other vertebrates. Use of such insecticides is: A) Of no concern with regard to non-animal organisms. B) Still of concern because of unanticipated effects. C) Still of concern because of concerns with long range spread of these chemicals.

B) Still of concern because of unanticipated effects. C) Still of concern because of concerns with long range spread of these chemicals.

Photosynthesis is most dependent on A) Long days with many hours of daylight B) Sufficient soil moisture availability C) Warm temperature well above freezing D) CO2 levels that are relatively high

B) Sufficient soil moisture availability

Cellular respiration and photosynthesis are intimately connected but how so? A) Organisms that conduct photosynthesis do not need to conduct cellular respiration B) The products of one are the reactants for the other one C) The products of both include ATP as the primary product D) The products of both include oxygen as the primary product

B) The products of one are the reactants for the other one

Enzymes catalyze the many reactions in a cell. There are hundreds of different enzymes in a cell——each with a unique 3D shape. Why do cells have so many different enzymes? A) Each enzyme molecules can be used only once B) The shape of the enzymes active site generally fits a specific substrate C) The substrate molecules react with enzymes to create new enzymes D) Enzymes are randomly produced. With thousands of different shapes, one is likely to work.

B) The shape of the enzymes active site generally fits a specific substrate

Animals are Eukaryotas, which have cholesterol in their membranes. How about the membranes of other organisms A) They also require a lipid in their membrane that regulates fluidity so they too, have this B) They also require a lipid in their membranes that regulates fluidity but they have something similar but different C) They do not require anything in their membranes that regulates fluidity so they have nothing to serve this role D) They also require something in their membranes that regulates fluidity but it is not a lipid

B) They also require a lipid in their membranes that regulates fluidity but they have something similar but different

Endocytosis and exocytosis involve transport o materials in and out of a cell, respectively What is the key feature that distinguishes them from other forms of transport? A) They are processes that are exclusive to animal cells B) They are processes that involve transport vesicles (see chapter 4) C) They are the only forms of transport that require energy input D) They are only involved in moving proteins and nothing else

B) They are processes that involve transport vesicles (see chapter 4)

Oxygen as O2 is required for aerobic cellular respiration. The function of O2 in this process is A) To provide the energy needed to start glycolysis B) To accept the spent electrons at the end of the electron transport chain C) To be converted into CO2 during the citric acid cycle D) To transfer harvested electrons from glycolysis and the citric acid cycle to the electron transport chain

B) To accept the spent electrons at the end of the electron transport chain

When a photon of the correct energy is absorbed by photosystem, an electron is energized and transferred to a primary electron acceptor. How is the missing electron replaced? A) an electron removed from glucose replaces the missing electron. B) an electron from hydrogen made available by splitting water replaces the missing electron C) The electron comes from ATP D) The replacement electron come from NADPH

B) an electron from hydrogen made available by splitting water replaces the missing electron

If you were using a light meter beneath a canopy of leaves, which color would you detect most? A) red B) green C) blue D) purple E) orange

B) green

Which of the following is/are accurate with regard to global warming? A) Decreasing human activities that release CO2 is helpful B) Warming can decrease with conditions that support producers C) 2 of these but not all D) All of these E) Decreased photosynthesis helps decrease warming

C) 2 of these but not all

Which molecule would be found after the action of the enzymes in cellular respiration? A) NAD+ B) ADP C) ATP D) H+

C) ATP

ATP is the energy source for _____ cells and it is made in the mitochondria for ____ cells A) All; all B) Prokaryotic; prokaryotic C) All; eukaryotic D) All; prokaryotic E) Eukaryotic; eukaryotic

C) All; eukaryotic

Considering that there was little to no O2 for the first couple billion years of the earths history, which of the following could NOT have existed? Select any that apply A) Anaerobic bacteria B) Anaerobic archaens C) Eukaryotes D) Aerobic bacteria

C) Eukaryotes D) Aerobic bacteria

In the overall reaction for photosynthesis, ____ is a by-product A) Glucose B) ATP C) Oxygen D) CO2 E) H2O

C) Oxygen

The proteins within membranes (just like proteins outside membranes) carry out a wide variety of roles. What is a role that only a protein that crosses the entire membrane (a trans-membrane or integral protein) and has a channel within it, can carry out? A) Serving to join cells B) Serving in cell signaling C) Serving as a transporter D) Serving as an enzyme E) Serving cell to cell interaction

C) Serving as a transporter

Both cellular respiration and photosynthesis rely on electron transport chain is embedded in membranes to produce ATP molecules. Which correctly describes a difference between the two types of electron transport chains? A) The electron source in cellular respiration is water, while the electron source in photosynthesis is molecular oxygen. B) The final electron except in cellular respiration is water, while the final electron except or photosynthesis is molecular oxygen. C) The electron source in cellular respiration is glucose, while the electron source in photosynthesis is water. D) The final electron acceptor in cellular respiration is glucose, while the final electron acceptor in photosynthesis is water.

C) The electron source in cellular respiration is glucose, while the electron source in photosynthesis is water.

Endocytosis and exocytosis are specific forms of transport. What distinguishes them from all other forms of transport? Select any that apply. A) Energy is required B) Only large material is transported C) Transport of bulk quantities is possible D) Both involve intake of materials E) Transport vesicles are involved

C) Transport of bulk quantities is possible E) Transport vesicles are involved

When an electron is passed from the primary electron acceptor in the first photosystem to the second photosystem, it travels through an electron transport chain. What is produced as the electron travels through the electron transport chain? A) light energy B) NADPH C) H2O D) ATP

D) ATP

Some prokaryotic in all eukaryotic cells use oxygen to harvest energy from food molecules. In what form is that harvested energy available to power cell work? A) Heat & Light B) Glucose molecules C) Fat molecules D) ATP molecules

D) ATP molecules

Which of the following is most immediately involved in making ATP via electron transport? A) Energy in electrons B) Protón pumping C) Facilitated diffusion of protons D) ATP synthase E) Transport of electrons

D) ATP synthase

The relevance of carotenoids in photosynthesis is, they: A) Reflect orange wavelengths B) Absorb organice wavelengths C) Reflect green wavelengths D) Absorb green wavelengths E) Do not do any of the above

D) Absorb green wavelengths

What will happen to the process of aerobic cellular respiration if no O2 is available in the cell? A) Aerobic cellular respiration will speed up B) Aerobic cellular respiration will occur at the same rate C) Aerobic cellular respiration will slow down D) Aerobic cellular respiration will stop

D) Aerobic cellular respiration will stop

Select the INCORRECT match for ATP yield A) Fermentation: same yield as glycolysis B) Fermentation: 2/glucose C) Aerobic respiration: Highest yield when glucose is used D) Anaerobic respiration: >30/glucose

D) Anaerobic respiration: >30/glucose

Breakdown of polymeric biomolecules to form the monomer subunits is an example of ____ and is carried out by A) Anabolism; consumers B) Anabolism; all organisms C) Catabolism; consumers D) Catabolism; all organisms

D) Catabolism; all organisms

Considering that a lot of energy is required to fuel the reactions within cells, what assists them in keeping the energy demands met? A) Energy-harvesting proteins they increase energy available B) Energy-harvesting proteins because they store energy efficiently C) Enzymes because they eliminate the need for energy altogether D) Enzymes because they reduce the amount of energy needed

D) Enzymes because they reduce the amount of energy needed

Humans have developed many nutrient cycles including the carbon cycle. They have done this mainly through: A) INcreasing forest cover to increase photosynthesis B) Increased populations tha lead ti high levels of cellular respiration C) Increased populations that lead to more consumption overall D) Increased populations that lead to more consumption overall and very high individual consumption in developed nations.

D) Increased populations that lead to more consumption overall and very high individual consumption in developed nations.

As you will see in the next chapter, ATP is made in photosynthesis as well. How should you view this? A) Producers are always plants so plants do not conduct cellular respiration B) Producers will not need to conduct cellular respiration C) Producers can get by with carrying out fermentation since they dont need as much ATP D) Producers need to conduct cellular respiration for the function not related to photosynthesis

D) Producers need to conduct cellular respiration for the function not related to photosynthesis

Cells have to use energy to fuel their metabolism. What is/are the energy molecules that all organisms rely on to both store energy and make it available for metabolic reactions? A) Glycogen B) Lipids C) Starch D) Glucose E) ATP

E) ATP

Which of the following reduce consumption of energy and other resources for higher sustainability? A) Plant-based diets B) Diets based on Whole Foods C) Diets based on locally grown foods D) Diets based on seasonal produce E) All of the above

E) All of the above

Which of the following is a correct match? A) Calvin cycle - only occurs in the dark B) Calvin cycle - light-independent C) Light stage - CO2 is involved D) Calvin cycle - ATP is made E) Light stage - H2O is involved

E) Light stage - H2O is involved

Organisms that conduct cellular respiration include all the following except A) Archea B) Bacteria C) Fungi D) Protists E) Viruses

E) Viruses

ATP is essential to life and is made within just about every type of cell. What is/are challenges for ATP to be imported into cells? A) it's too large to diffuse on its own B) ATP has strong charges C) concentration outside must exceed that on the inside for diffusion D) ATP must be used to import ATP when the concentration inside is higher than that on the outside E) all the above are true

E) all the above are true

You are given a sample taken from a living organism but are not told what kind of organism, only that it denied oxygen in the container which held it.If you did a biochemical analysis, what would most likely be present in a sample of this organism? A) NAD+ B) Alcohol C) Oxygen D) Lactic Acid E) b) or d)

E) b) or d)

Which would be more abundant in a muscle cell immediately after exercise? A) ATP B) ADP C) Phosphate D) a. And c. E) b. And c.

E) b. And c.

Fermentation and glycolysis are the same. True or False?

False

Fermentation and glycolysis have the same ATP yield. True or False?

True