Biology Exam #3
Ligaments, bone, cartilage, tendons (all answers are correct)
Connective tissue of the musculoskeletal system includes
Osteoporosis
A condition in which bones become less dense is
Antigen
A molecule that stimulates an immune-system reaction by B cells and T cells is termed a(n)
Synapse; muscle; neuron
A neuromuscular junction is a __________ between a ______________ and a _______________.
Growth, metabolism, maintenance, repair of tissues (all answers are correct)
A nutrient is a substance that an organism uses for
Cell that engulfs other cells and debris
A phagocyte is a
Hypothalamus and pituitary gland
All of the glands of the vertebrate endocrine system are regulated by the
Joint
An area where two bones meet is called a
Into the circulatory system
An endocrine gland releases its product directly
Herbivores
Animals that eat only plants are
Because the virus can mutate rapidly
Every year the common flu vaccine is designed to protect against three different strains of the influenza virus. Why do scientists typically have to make a new vaccine every year?
Oxygen; carbon dioxide
At the capillaries, ___________ leaves red blood cells and _____________ enters the circulation.
Lymphocytes
B cells or T cells are
Is a liquid connective tissue, delivers food to the cells of the body, delivers oxygen to the cells of the body, helps remove wastes from the body (all answers are correct)
Blood
Simple squamous
Blood vessels are lined by a single layer of flattened cells. Which type of cells like a blood vessel?
Tissue
Groups of cells that interact and provide a specific function are defined as what?
Because the lymphatic system collects fluids and cells from tissues
If a tumor metastasizes, this means that it has moved to another part of the body. Doctors often look in lymph nodes near a tumor for signs of metastasis. Why might cancer cells be found in lymph nodes?
Leukocytes
If you wanted to read more about protections for the body, and you came a cross a description of cellular components of blood that destroy foreign substances, you would be reading about
Platelets
If you were dealing with a patient who repeatedly had trouble with excessive bleeding, you might consider giving the patient a transfusion containing
By bacteria living within the herbivore's gastrointestinal tract
In herbivores, cellulose is primarily broken down
ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination
In sequence of their occurrence, the four major steps that vertebrate organisms use to obtain and use food are
Cholesterol
Lipid-soluble steroid hormones are synthesized from
Circulatory and integumentary
One way humans maintain body temperature is by increasing blood flow to the skin and sweating. Which organ systems are interacting in this process?
Peristalsis
Rhythmic smooth muscle contractions occurring along the human digestive system that propel food along the system are termed
The kidneys
The adrenal glands are located "on top" of
Epinephrine
The antidote for a severe, life-threatening allergic reaction is a shot of
The intact skin
The body's first line of defense against disease-causing microorganisms is
a single layer of epithelial cells covered by connective tissue
The capillary wall consists only of
Red blood cells
The cellular components of blood that transport oxygen are
Epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous (all answers are correct)
The different types of animal tissues include
Pancreas
The endocrine gland that produces hormones that regulate blood glucose levels is the
Production of blood cells, supporting the body, protecting the body, movement (all answers are correct)
The endoskeleton functions in
Nervous
The fissure type that receives, processes, and transmits information by providing a communication network among cells is
Arteries
The large vessels of the circulatory system that carry blood away from the heart are
Veins
The large vessels that carry blood to the heart are
Plasma
The liquid matrix of blood is
Small intestine
The main site of food absorption in the human digestive system is the
Large intestine
The main site of water and mineral absorption in the human digestive system is the
Sponges
The only animals that rely solely on intracellular digestion are
Sphincters
The passage of food needs to occur in a controlled way, so the body contains rings of muscle in the digestive tract that regulate the movement of food. These are
create immunological memory without causing disease
The primary function of a vaccine is to
Oxytocin
The release of which hormone is usually controlled by positive feedback?
Capillaries
The small vessels from which water and dissolved substances diffuse between the blood and interstitial fluid are
Epiglottis
The structure that covers the opening to the trachea during swallowing, thereby preventing food from entering the air passage, is the
Anatomy
The study of an organism's structure is
Physiology
The study of the function of all of the body's parts is
Skeletal and muscular
The systems that support and move the body are
Digestive, respiratory, and circulatory
The systems that work together to acquire and use energy are
Neurons and neuroglia
The tissue that makes up the spinal cord and brain consists of
Epithelial
The tissue type that acts as a lining of organs, serves in absorption and secretion, and also conducts gas diffusion is
Muscle
The tissues type that provides contractions that power movement is
Muscular and skeletal systems
The two closely allied organ systems that allow for running, swimming, and flying under the direction of the nervous system are the
Bone
The type of connective tissue with a mineralized extracellular matrix is
Simple cuboidal
The type of epithelial tissue that forms a single layer of cube-shaped cells is
Simple columnar
The type of epithelial tissue that forms a single layer of elongated cells is
Simple squamous
The type of epithelial tissue that forms a single layer of flattened cells is
Hydrostatic skeleton
The type of skeleton that consists of fluid constrained within a layer of flexible tissue is a(n)
Exoskeleton
The type of skeleton that is usually composed of either a calcium-containing shell or chitin is a(n)
Salt
To prevent swollen thyroid glands many nations add iodine to
Generate heat via metabolism
What is a principal mechanism by which endotherms obtain body heat?
Positive feedback
When a blood clot begins to form, the enzyme thrombin is formed. Thrombin then activates the enzymes that produce more thrombin. This is an example of which of the following?
In red marrow inside of bones
Where are blood cells produced?
Endorphins
Which has its primary effect on the brain's pain receptors?
Pancreas, thyroid gland, ovaries, testes (all answers are correct)
Which is an endocrine gland?
Pancreas
Which is not a major part of the immune system?
Transport of oxygen to the body's cells
Which is not an important function of calcium in vertebrates?
Skeletal
You are observing a test subject move his arm. You notice that the subject can move the arm on command, and a fissure biopsy shows that the relevant muscle tissue has cells with many nuclei. You decide that the movement is due to muscle that is