Biology Exam 3
dissolved
amount of oxygen present in water
Humans
. Anthropogenic means caused by:
Ice cores
. How do we know temperatures and carbon dioxide emission from as far back as 800,000 years?
surface, upper ocean, and deep ocean
3 layers of the ocean
1. climate change corresponds with human activities 2. rapid changes in the atmosphere began with industrialization 3. modeled simulations of both natural forces and human forces.
3 main arguments that tell us that climate change is caused by humans
water vapor, nitrous oxide, fluorine gases, carbon dioxide, and methane
5 important green house gases
salt water
97% of the water on earth is
Infrared
A certain amount of that heat energy goes back into space on a different wavelength. These wavelengths, called _____________, are slower and some of them can be captured by greenhouse gases and returned to Earth.
sediment
A pollutant in water caused by erosion of soil
Humidity
Amount of moisture in the air
Zone of saturation
Area in the soil where the spaces are filled with water is called
Watershed
Area of land that drains into a specific waterbody
False
As the atmosphere gets thicker with greenhouse gases, more of the outgoing infrared radiation is trapped and returned to Earth, so the temperature goes down.
coal
Burnable rocks made from ancient plants
Wind
By 2050 at its current rate of growth, which renewable energy source will be able to power half of the United States' electrical needs:
Coriolis effect
Curvature of the winds is called the:
True
Cyclonic storms include hurricanes and tornadoes
False
Dark water and land reflects much more heat back out into space than bright white snow
True
Developing countries are leap frogging over fossil fuel use and going straight to solar energy
5 trillion
External cost of oil each year.
True
For the past 35 years, the amount of radiation from the sun is decreasing, but the Earth is getting warmer
Greenhouse gases
Gases that function like a roof keeping heat in resulting in the Earth's atmosphere being warmed is called:
True
Given Earth's current orbital position in relationship to the sun, historical patterns tell us the Earth should be heading gradually into an Ice Age
True
Greenhouse gases work like a blanket and a certain amount are necessary or else the Earth would be 60 degrees Fahrenheit colder
HAP
Hazardous Air Pollutants
1%
How much of the water is accessible fresh water?
3%
How much of the water on Earth is fresh water?
3/4
How much of the world is covered by the ocean?
Milankovitch cycles
How the tilt of the Earth, the shape of its orbit, and where its axis is pointing influences climate is called:
True
The amount of energy trapped by greenhouse gases is now the equivalent to exploding 400,000 Hiroshima sized atomic bombs per day, every day of the year, according to one expert scientist.
Troposhere
Layer of air immediately adjacent to the Earth's surface is called:
True
Melting of the permafrost layer is concerning since it releases methane gas into the atmosphere. 25. Which gas holds 80% more heat than carbon dioxide?
Lead
Most abundantly produced metal air pollutant. (Very bad stuff)
scarcity
Occurs when demand for water exceeds the available amount or when poor quality restricts its use.
5%
Our air is ______ more humid than it used to be.
Heat
Per the CDC, this natural occurrence causes more deaths worldwide than all others combined:
Ozone
Pollutant found near the Earth's surface as well as in the stratosphere. It is formed when heat and sunlight cause chemical reactions between oxides of nitrogen and hydrocarbons.
non-point source pollution
Pollutants released in a wide area from many sources are
Weather
Short-term, day to day atmospheric events regarding heat, dryness, sunshine, wind, rain, etc.
low
Pressure system where the weather is lousy
Infrared
Radiation that heats the atmosphere
Monsoon
Regular, seasonal rains are called:
Argriculture, industry, and energy production
Society's biggest water usage
Jet Streams
Strong air currents high above the Earth caused by warm air meeting cold air in the atmosphere are called:
nuclear
The U.S. is the world's largest producer of this type of energy
Front
The boundary between two air masses of different temperatures and density is called a:
Carbon sinks
The oceans are called _________________ because they absorb more than 90% of the extra heat.
Albedo Affect
The reflective capacity of a surface is called:
False
The rise of sea level causes storms to move more inland, causing less damage- it spreads it out more.
True
The same extra heat that evaporates water from the ocean pulls moisture even more quickly from the soil.
Ultraviolet Radiation
The sun's radiation penetrates the atmosphere and those gases in the form of __________ and warms the Earth.
True
There are already more American jobs in the solar industry than in coal mining
True
There are no technological or economic barriers to converting to renewable, clean energy, just societal and political will
True
Trees are part of the carbon cycle. They absorb carbon dioxide thereby taking it out of the atmosphere, but when they die, those same trees become a carbon source.
Atmospheric gases and how close to the sun is the planet
Two conditions that determine planetary temperatures.
Climate
Weather conditions over a long period of time in a specific area.
artesian
Well that doesn't require a pump because there is enough pressure in the aquifer
Arctic, Southern, Indian, Atlantic, Pacific
What are the 5 oceans?
transportation and electricity production
What are two of the largest contributors to greenhouse gases?
carbon dioxide
What do trees release when they die?
carbo dioxide
What green house gas do we have the most of?
50%
What percent of coral reefs are dying?
1. Temperature (heat) 2. Pressure (air pressure) 3. Humidity (moisture)
What three things make weather happen
shadow
When dry air goes down one side of a mountain while the other side gets rain
point-source pollution
When you know who is causing the pollution; a pipe draining into a river is
Industries, forest burning, agriculture
Where do greenhouse gases come from?
Methane
Which gas holds 80% more heat than carbon dioxide?
True
Winds carry pollutants around the world causing problems for plants, animals, humans, and even buildings and monuments.
nitrate
common component of fertilizer that is soluble in water
petroluem
current dominant energy source
solar
energy from the sun
aquifer
layer below the water table that holds water because of the impermeable rock on the bottom.
skim
only remove the top layer of oil, leave the water
consumption
permanent loss of water as it moves through the water cycle and changes form.
water source is 1% of 1% of our freshwater supply
river
fracking
shale gas is extracted using this way
absorb
soak up using another material
transpiration
the release of water from plant leaves
aeration
upper layer of soil that holds both water and air is the zone of
table
top zone of saturation
withdrawl
total amount of water taken but can be returned
Bioaccumulate
toxin buildup
disperse
use this type of agent to separate oil from water
stress
water _______ occurs when water supplies are inadequate to satisfy demand
groundwater
water held underground in the soil or in pores and crevices in rock
infiltration
water soaking into the ground
happy
weather in high pressure system