Biology Exam 3

dissolved

amount of oxygen present in water

Humans

. Anthropogenic means caused by:

Ice cores

. How do we know temperatures and carbon dioxide emission from as far back as 800,000 years?

surface, upper ocean, and deep ocean

3 layers of the ocean

1. climate change corresponds with human activities 2. rapid changes in the atmosphere began with industrialization 3. modeled simulations of both natural forces and human forces.

3 main arguments that tell us that climate change is caused by humans

water vapor, nitrous oxide, fluorine gases, carbon dioxide, and methane

5 important green house gases

salt water

97% of the water on earth is

Infrared

A certain amount of that heat energy goes back into space on a different wavelength. These wavelengths, called _____________, are slower and some of them can be captured by greenhouse gases and returned to Earth.

sediment

A pollutant in water caused by erosion of soil

Humidity

Amount of moisture in the air

Zone of saturation

Area in the soil where the spaces are filled with water is called

Watershed

Area of land that drains into a specific waterbody

False

As the atmosphere gets thicker with greenhouse gases, more of the outgoing infrared radiation is trapped and returned to Earth, so the temperature goes down.

coal

Burnable rocks made from ancient plants

Wind

By 2050 at its current rate of growth, which renewable energy source will be able to power half of the United States' electrical needs:

Coriolis effect

Curvature of the winds is called the:

True

Cyclonic storms include hurricanes and tornadoes

False

Dark water and land reflects much more heat back out into space than bright white snow

True

Developing countries are leap frogging over fossil fuel use and going straight to solar energy

5 trillion

External cost of oil each year.

True

For the past 35 years, the amount of radiation from the sun is decreasing, but the Earth is getting warmer

Greenhouse gases

Gases that function like a roof keeping heat in resulting in the Earth's atmosphere being warmed is called:

True

Given Earth's current orbital position in relationship to the sun, historical patterns tell us the Earth should be heading gradually into an Ice Age

True

Greenhouse gases work like a blanket and a certain amount are necessary or else the Earth would be 60 degrees Fahrenheit colder

HAP

Hazardous Air Pollutants

1%

How much of the water is accessible fresh water?

3%

How much of the water on Earth is fresh water?

3/4

How much of the world is covered by the ocean?

Milankovitch cycles

How the tilt of the Earth, the shape of its orbit, and where its axis is pointing influences climate is called:

True

The amount of energy trapped by greenhouse gases is now the equivalent to exploding 400,000 Hiroshima sized atomic bombs per day, every day of the year, according to one expert scientist.

Troposhere

Layer of air immediately adjacent to the Earth's surface is called:

True

Melting of the permafrost layer is concerning since it releases methane gas into the atmosphere. 25. Which gas holds 80% more heat than carbon dioxide?

Lead

Most abundantly produced metal air pollutant. (Very bad stuff)

scarcity

Occurs when demand for water exceeds the available amount or when poor quality restricts its use.

5%

Our air is ______ more humid than it used to be.

Heat

Per the CDC, this natural occurrence causes more deaths worldwide than all others combined:

Ozone

Pollutant found near the Earth's surface as well as in the stratosphere. It is formed when heat and sunlight cause chemical reactions between oxides of nitrogen and hydrocarbons.

non-point source pollution

Pollutants released in a wide area from many sources are

Weather

Short-term, day to day atmospheric events regarding heat, dryness, sunshine, wind, rain, etc.

low

Pressure system where the weather is lousy

Infrared

Radiation that heats the atmosphere

Monsoon

Regular, seasonal rains are called:

Argriculture, industry, and energy production

Society's biggest water usage

Jet Streams

Strong air currents high above the Earth caused by warm air meeting cold air in the atmosphere are called:

nuclear

The U.S. is the world's largest producer of this type of energy

Front

The boundary between two air masses of different temperatures and density is called a:

Carbon sinks

The oceans are called _________________ because they absorb more than 90% of the extra heat.

Albedo Affect

The reflective capacity of a surface is called:

False

The rise of sea level causes storms to move more inland, causing less damage- it spreads it out more.

True

The same extra heat that evaporates water from the ocean pulls moisture even more quickly from the soil.

Ultraviolet Radiation

The sun's radiation penetrates the atmosphere and those gases in the form of __________ and warms the Earth.

True

There are already more American jobs in the solar industry than in coal mining

True

There are no technological or economic barriers to converting to renewable, clean energy, just societal and political will

True

Trees are part of the carbon cycle. They absorb carbon dioxide thereby taking it out of the atmosphere, but when they die, those same trees become a carbon source.

Atmospheric gases and how close to the sun is the planet

Two conditions that determine planetary temperatures.

Climate

Weather conditions over a long period of time in a specific area.

artesian

Well that doesn't require a pump because there is enough pressure in the aquifer

Arctic, Southern, Indian, Atlantic, Pacific

What are the 5 oceans?

transportation and electricity production

What are two of the largest contributors to greenhouse gases?

carbon dioxide

What do trees release when they die?

carbo dioxide

What green house gas do we have the most of?

50%

What percent of coral reefs are dying?

1. Temperature (heat) 2. Pressure (air pressure) 3. Humidity (moisture)

What three things make weather happen

shadow

When dry air goes down one side of a mountain while the other side gets rain

point-source pollution

When you know who is causing the pollution; a pipe draining into a river is

Industries, forest burning, agriculture

Where do greenhouse gases come from?

Methane

Which gas holds 80% more heat than carbon dioxide?

True

Winds carry pollutants around the world causing problems for plants, animals, humans, and even buildings and monuments.

nitrate

common component of fertilizer that is soluble in water

petroluem

current dominant energy source

solar

energy from the sun

aquifer

layer below the water table that holds water because of the impermeable rock on the bottom.

skim

only remove the top layer of oil, leave the water

consumption

permanent loss of water as it moves through the water cycle and changes form.

water source is 1% of 1% of our freshwater supply

river

fracking

shale gas is extracted using this way

absorb

soak up using another material

transpiration

the release of water from plant leaves

aeration

upper layer of soil that holds both water and air is the zone of

table

top zone of saturation

withdrawl

total amount of water taken but can be returned

Bioaccumulate

toxin buildup

disperse

use this type of agent to separate oil from water

stress

water _______ occurs when water supplies are inadequate to satisfy demand

groundwater

water held underground in the soil or in pores and crevices in rock

infiltration

water soaking into the ground

happy

weather in high pressure system