Biology exam review

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central vacuole

A membranous sac in a mature plant cell with diverse roles in reproduction, growth, and development.

Golgi

A system of membranes that modifies and packages proteins for export by the cell

prokaryotic cell

A type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles; found only in the domains Bacteria and Archaea.

function of mitochondria

cellular respiration

What is the cell wall made of?

cellulose

Unlike animal cells plant cells have

central vacuole, chloroplast, cell wall

Difference between chromatin and chromosomes

chromatin, unwound and chromosomes are wound

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

creates lipids or fat

Microtubules are component of

cytoskeleton ALL OF THE ABOVE

Cell theory

idea that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, and new cells are produced from existing cells

Animal cells have

lysosomes and centrioles

What do animal cells have that plant cells don't?

lysosomes and centrioles

Hypotonic

water moves into the cell

Hypertonic

water moves out of the cell

Isotonic

when the concentration of two solutions is the same

Prokaryotes developed

First

Nucleolus

Found inside the nucleus and produces ribosomes

Stroma

fluid portion of the chloroplast; outside of the thylakoids

The major lipids in the plasma membrane are

phospholipids and cholesterol

The function of chloroplast is

photosynthesis

pinocytosis

process by which a cell takes in liquid from the surrounding environment

endocytosis

process by which a cell takes material into the cell by infolding of the cell membrane

phagocytosis

process in which extensions of cytoplasm surround and engulf large particles and take them into the cell

cell wall function

provides support and protection plant

plasma membrane function

regulates what comes in and out of the cell

Ribosomes

site of protein synthesis

Ribosomes are

site of protein synthesis

Vesicles

small membrane sacs that specialize in moving products into, out of, and within a cell

intermediate filaments function

support cell shape and fix organelles in place

Cells that produce hair contains BLANK cells that produce oil on the hair contains a lot of BLANK

1 HAIR ROUGH ER 2. OIL SMOOTH ER

Most human cells contain BLANK chromosome

46

Chlorophyll

A green pigment found in the chloroplasts of plants, algae, and some bacteria

Microtubules

A hollow rod composed of tubulin proteins that makes up part of the cytoskeleton in all eukaryotic cells and is found in cilia and flagella.

Which of the following is not prokaryotic cells

A membrane blind nucleus

All cells on earth

All of the choices are correct.

Two eukaryotes

Animal and plant

Vacuoles

Cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates

Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis

Chloroplast

Chromatin

Clusters of DNA, RNA, and proteins in the nucleus of a cell

Mitochondria differs from chloroplast in that mitochondria contains

Contains membrane fulus called Cristae

Not a function of plasma membrane

Control center of the cell

In eukaryotic cells what is given to region between nucleus and plasma membrane

Cytoplasm

The nucleus of the cell contains

DNA

Long fibers of BLANK and BLANK are called a chromatin

DNA and PROTEIN

What is chromatin made of

DNA and histone proteins

Same amount of water in and out of the cell

Isotonic

Detoxing

Liver

Microfilaments

Long, thin fibers that function in the movement and support of the cell

Microfilaments are different from microtubules in that microfilaments

Mainly composed of actin

What name is organelle that manufactures the components of ribosomes

Nucleolus

You find a cell Has cell wall and nucleus

Plant

exocytosis

Process by which a cell releases large amounts of material

Arches are composed of BLANK cells

Prokaryote

difference in prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Prokaryotes have nucloid and eukaryotes have nucleus

Two basic types of cells

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

A BLANK is and example of a unicellular organism

Protist

Anatomy of a chloroplast

Suspended in the fluid (called STROMA) are stacks of THYLAKOIDS called GRANA

Less water outside more salt outside of the cell

The water will move out of the cell

How many nuclei in bacteria

They do not contain nucleus

Lysosomes

Uses chemicals to break down food and worn out cell parts ALL LF THE CHOICES ARE CORRECT

More water outside the cell

Water will go in the cell

You are told that the cells on a microscope slide are plant, animal, or bacterial. You look at them through a microscope and see cell walls and membrane-bound organelles. You conclude correctly that the cells

are plant cells

If the cells lysosomes burst the cell would

digest itself

The nuclear envelope is composed of

double membrane

When can you see chromosomes?

during mitosis

Cytoplasm

the portion of the cell outside the nucleus

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

transport and storage of proteins


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