Biology final
an enzyme that separates DNA strands
helicase
female and male sexes
hermaphrodite
cannot make its own food
heterotrophic
alleles of the gene pair are different
heterozygous
two chromosomes that are same, size, same shape and carry genes for the same traits
homologous chromosomes
scientific name for humans
homosapiens
both alleles of the gene pair are the same
homozygous
ex. of homozygous
DD or dd
ex of heterozygous
Dd
type of circulatory system that pumps fluid through vessels, into body cavity & back through vessels
open
in a pedigree what symbol represents a female
open circle
in a pedigree , what represents the male
open square
disease causing organism
pathogen
a diagram that shows the occurrence of a genetic trait in several generations of a family
pedigree
physical appearance
phenotype
nuclear membrane disappears, chromosomes are visible, centrioles migrate to opposite pole
prophase
fake feet
pseudopods
used to determine the probability of offspring
punnet square
Nitrogen containing base made up of two carbon rings, adenine and guanine
purine
cylindrical symmetry ; having several different parts ex. hydra, starfish
radial
a gene that is masked by another gene for the characteristic (lowercase letters)
recessive
sugar in RNA
ribose
ex of urochordata
sea squirts
transfers amino acids to the ribosome to make proteins
TRNA
subphylum of chordata
Urochordata (marine) cephalochordate (marine) vertebrata
no symmetry , ex. sea sponges
asymmetry
can make its own food
autotrophic
. HIV begins to reproduce a. when AIDS occurs. b. shortly after infection. c. months after infection. d. All of the above
b
. Mucus serves as a nonspecific defense to pathogens by a. being secreted by the skin. c. digesting pathogens. b. capturing pathogens. d. secreting cytokines.
b
sex chromosomes for a female
XX
sex chromosomes for a male
XY
Most species in the phylum Apicomplexa are a. aquatic and move by using cilia. b. terrestrial and move by extending pseudopodia. c. parasitic and have complex life cycles. d. free-living and reproduce only asexually.
c
The process by which two living bacteria bind together and transfer genetic information is called a. conjugation. b. transformation. c. transduction. d. encapsulation.
a
Two genes that are one map unit apart are separated by crossing-over a. 1% of the time. b. 20% of the time. c. 50% of the time. d. 100% of the time.
a
When Mendel crossed a strain of tall pea plants with a strain of short pea plants, he observed that all of the plants in the F1 generation were tall. This suggests that a. the tall trait was controlled by a dominant factor. b. the short trait was controlled by a dominant factor. c. both traits were controlled by a recessive factor. d. the strain of short plants was not capa- ble of pollinating the strain of tall plants.
a
Which of the following fishes is jawless? a. hagfish b. ray c. guppy
a
Which of the following is NOT an asexual reproductive structure of a fungus? a. septum b. sporangium c. conidiophore d. sporangiospore
a
Which of the following is a point mutation that does not produce a frameshift? a. substitution b. insertion c. deletion d. inversion
a
Which of the following statements accurately describes animals? a. All animals are multicellular, all are heterotrophic, and all lack cell walls. b. All animals are multicellular, some are heterotrophic, and some lack cell walls. c. Some animals are multicellular, all are heterotrophic, and all lack cell walls. d. Some animals are multicellular, some are heterotrophic, and some lack cell walls.
a
Mutations that can be inherited arise in a. somatic cells. b. body cells. c. germ cells. d. skin cells.
c
One disease caused by a mastigophoran is a. amebic dysentery. c. sleeping sickness. b. malaria. d. toxoplasmosis.
c
One structure you would not find in a bacterial cell is a a. cell wall. b. cell membrane. c. mitochondrion. d. chromosome.
c
Phage DNA that is integrated into a host cell's chromosome is a a. coronavirus. b. retrovirus. c. prophage. d. capsid.
c
Pine trees are a type of a. nonvascular plant. b.angiosperm c. gymnosperm d. herbaceous plant.
c
Prokaryotic cells reproduce by a process called a. mitosis. b. meiosis. c. binary fission. d. binary fusion.
c
Protists are thought to have evolved from a. early viruses. b. early eukaryotes. c. ancient prokaryotes. d. modern fungi.
c
Separate sperm-containing and egg-containing structures are produced by a. cellular slime molds. c. water molds. b. plasmodial slime molds. d. chytrids.
c
Sexual reproduction in ciliates involves a. binary fission and the formation of two identical offspring. b. the exchange of diploid macronuclei between two individuals. c. the exchange of haploid micronuclei between two individuals. d. the exchange of macronuclei and micronuclei between two individuals.
c
Since the ABO blood group alleles are codominant, an individual with the genotype I^A I^B will have blood type a. A. b. B. c. AB. d. O.
c
The domain that includes the oldest known fossil cells is called a. Eukarya. b. Archaea. c. Bacteria. d. Eubacteria.
c
The evolution of paired fins was important to early fishes because paired fins a. led directly to the evolution of gill arches. b. led directly to the evolution of paired legs in mammals. c. increased the stability and maneuverability of the fishes. d. allowed the fishes to seize and manipulate prey.
c
The gill chambers of aquatic chordates evolved from the a. dorsal nerve cord. c. pharyngeal pouches. b. backbone. d. postanal tail.
c
The primary function of DNA in cells is to a. serve as a storage form for unused nucleotides. b. occupy space in the nucleus to keep the nucleus from collapsing. c. store information that tells the cells which proteins to make. d. serve as a template for making long, spiral carbohydrates.
c
The species name of the pangolin is a. Manis temminckii. b. manis temminckii. c. Manis temminckii. d. Manis Temminckii.
c
Unlike adult lancelets, adult tunicates a. have segmented muscles in their tail. c. are usually sessile. b. are radially symmetrical. d. have separate sexes.
c
Vaccines against HIV are difficult to design because HIV a. is a retrovirus. b. is difficult to isolate. c. changes rapidly. d. is not detectable.
c
Viruses can reproduce a. independently of host cells. b. independently of host cells if they first take up organelles from the host cells. c. only within host cells. d. only with the assistance of other viruses.
c
Which of the following are not lymphocytes? a. memory cells b. helper T cells c. macrophages d. B cells
c
Which of the following enzymes is involved with breaking hydrogen bonds? a. DNA polymerase c. DNA helicase b. DNA ligase d. Both a and b
c
Which of the following is a route of HIV transmission? a. breathing air in a room with a person with AIDS b. touching a person infected with HIV c. sharing of hypodermic needles d. insect bites
c
Which of the following statements is false? a. Fever stimulates the body's defense mechanisms. b. Fever suppresses the growth of certain bacteria. c. Fever activates cellular enzymes. d. Fever promotes the action of white blood cells.
c
Which types of bacteria can live in the presence of oxygen? a. only obligate anaerobes c. only obligate aerobes and facultative b. only obligate aerobes anaerobes d. all bacteria
c
division of the body into repeating similar units
segmentation
mycelium with divisions
septate hyphae
xx , xy
sex chromosomes
base paired with thymine
adenine
separation of sister chromatids
anaphase
Medicines that reduce or kill harmful bacteria in the body
antibiotics
memory cells; Specialized proteins that aid in destroying infectious agents
antibodies
carries info from DNA in the nucleas to ribosome
MRNA
who is the universal blood recipient
Blood type AB
Bodies of tightly coiled chromatin; visible during cell division. Two chromatids bound at a centromere make a CHROMOSOME.
chromatid
short hair-like projections that aid in locomotion
cilia
type of circulator system that forms a closed loop
closed
a three nucleotide sequence that encodes an amino acid or signifies a start or stop
codon
woman scientist who was an X-ray crystallographer
franklin
genetic makeup
genotype
-appears pink -thin layer of peptidoglycan - safranin o
gram negative
-appears purple - crystal violet
gram positive
animals that have a backbone
vertebrate
three characteristics that distinguish vertebrates from other chordates
vertebrate, skull or cranium, endoskeleton
active, can make you sick right away, dangerous; harmful; poisonous
virulent
credited for discovering the shape of DNA (double helix)
watson and crick
diploid cell from 2 haploid cells; embryo; Fertilized egg
zygote
a gene that masks another for the same characteristic
Dominant
who is the father of genetic and what specimen did he do his studies on
Gregor Mendel, pea plants
what possible genotypes will produce A type blood
I^A I ^A or I^A i
what possible genotypes will produce AB type blood
I^A I^B
what possible genotypes will produce B type blood
I^B I^B or I^B i
A disease-causing particle made of RNA without a capsid is called a. a viroid. b. a retrovirus. c. prion d. an envelope.
a
A genetic cross performed many times produces 798 long-stemmed plants and 266 short- stemmed plants. The probability of obtaining a short-stemmed plant in a similar cross is a. 266/1,064. b. 266/798. c. 798/266. d. 798/1,064.
a
A protein is a polymer consisting of a specific sequence of a. amino acids. c. RNA nucleotides. b. fatty acids. d. DNA nucleotides.
a
A trait whose expression is affected by the presence of sex hormones is said to be a. sex-influenced. b. sex-linked. c. X-linked. d. Y-linked.
a
According to the base-pairing rules, guanine binds with a. cytosine. b. adenine. c. thymine. d. guanine
a
B cells a. are involved with the humoral immune response. b. kill infected cells. c. mature within the thymus. d. are derived from plasma cells.
a
Biologists think that the first fungi on Earth arose from a. prokaryotes. b. algae. c. plants. d. animals.
a
Cephalization is associated with a. bilaterally symmetrical animals b. radially symmetrical animals. c. sponges. d. hydras..
a
Each subset within a class of organisms is called a(n) a. order. b. family. c. genus. d.phylum
a
Ferns are a type of a. vascular plant. b. seed plant. c. angiosperm d. gymnosperm
a
Fungal diseases that affect human internal organs are often caused by a. dimorphic fungi. b. deuteromycetes. c. truffles. d. morels.
a
If an organism has a diploid, or 2n, number of 16, how many chromosomes do its sperm cells or eggs cells contain? a. 8 b. 16 c. 32 d. 64
a
In most chordates, the function of the notochord is taken over by the a. vertebral column. b. brain. c. spinal cord. d. pharynx.
a
In which phase of meiosis do tetrads form? a. prophase I b. telophase I c. metaphase II d. anaphase II
a
Legumes are valuable crops because they have protein-rich seeds and because a. they improve the nitrogen content of soil. b. their leaves are used as herbs. c. their leaves are fed to livestock. d. their bark is a source of quinine.
a
Mushrooms, puffballs, mildews, and some molds belong to the kingdom a. Fungi. b. Plantae. c. Protista. d. Eukarya.
a
One bacterial disease that is transmitted by contaminated drinking water is a. Lyme disease. b. gonorrhea. c. tuberculosis. d. cholera.
a
One viral disease that can occur in childhood and then reappear in adulthood in a more serious form is a. chickenpox. b. smallpox. c. rabies. d. hepatitis.
a
Photoautotrophic bacteria obtain energy a. from the sun. c. by feeding on living organisms. b. by oxidizing inorganic compounds. d. by feeding on dead and decaying material.
a
Replication of the two DNA strands takes place a. in two different directions. b. in the same direction of the replication fork. c. in a direction opposite to that of the replication fork. d. at right angles to the direction of the replication fork.
a
Sponges eliminate carbon dioxide and cellular wastes by a. allowing them to diffuse into the water that passes through the sponge. b. excreting them into the surrounding water through pores in the body wall. c. transporting them to an excretory organ that empties into the osculum. d. converting them into usable carbohydrates.
a
The chromosomes of most prokaryotes consist of proteins and a. a single circular DNA molecule. b. a single linear DNA molecule. c. a pair of linear DNA molecules joined in the center. d. a pair of homologous, circular DNA molecules.
a
The fibers that extend from centrosome to centrosome during mitosis are a. polar fibers. b. spindle fibers. c. kinetochore fibers. d. binary fibers.
a
The grouping of viruses is based partly on the a. presence or absence of an envelope. b. presence or absence of nucleic acid. c. type of organism they infect. d. structure of their organelles.
a
The moist skin of an amphibian functions as a. a respiratory organ. b. a structure for conserving water. c. an insulating material. d. a rigid exoskeleton.
a
The most common means of HIV transmission is a. sexual intercourse with a person infected with HIV. b. blood transfusion. c. shaking hands with a person with AIDS. d. performing experiments with HIV.
a
A body cavity aids in an animal's movement by a. anchoring the animal firmly to objects in its environment. b. providing a firm structure against which muscles can contract. c. giving rise to muscle tissue during embryonic development. d. secreting a fluid that allows the animal to glide over surfaces.
b
Adult sponges are sessile, which means that they a. have no gastrulastage. c. use a jelly like substance for body support. b. attach to a surface and do not move. d. produce both eggs and sperm.
b
Algae differ from protozoans in that algae are a. heterotrophic. b. photosynthetic. c. always multicellular. d. always unicellular.
b
Amoebas move by means of a process known as a. vacuolar contracting. c. flagellar whipping. b. cytoplasmic streaming. d. ciliary beating.
b
An inflammatory response is initiated by a. release of histamines. b. pathogens. c. fever. d. drying of mucous membranes.
b
Animals in the subphyla Cephalochordata and Urochordata live a. only in fresh water. b. only in the ocean. c. only on land. d. in fresh water, in the ocean, and on land.
b
Before replication can take place, a. DNA polymerases must add complementary nucleotides to the DNA. b. the two strands of DNA must separate. c. the covalent bonds in DNA must break. d. helicases must break the bonds in the nucleotides.
b
Between cell divisions, the DNA in a eukaryotic cell is uncoiled and spread out; in this form it is called a. chromatid. b. chromatin. c. histone. d. nonhistone.
b
Cell-mediated immune responses require a. production of antibodies. b. helper T cells. c. B cells. d. a secondary immune response.
b
Development of zygotes outside the body of the female parent is a characteristic of a. all fishes and amphibians. b. many fishes, amphibians, reptiles, and birds. c. all reptiles and birds. d. reptiles, birds, and some amphibians.
b
During translation, one end of a tRNA molecule pairs with a complementary a. nucleotide sequence in DNA. c. tRNA molecule. b. mRNA codon. d. protein molecule.
b
Genes that belong to the same linkage group tend to be a. located on different chromosomes. c. found only in males. b. inherited together. d. found only in somatic cells.
b
In cultivating wheat, early farmers selected wheat plants a. whose seeds were easily dispersed. b. whose stalks did not break easily in the wind. c. that produced the fewest grains. d. that had the largest seed pods.
b
In eukaryotic cells, DNA is copied during a phase of the cell cycle called a. M phase. b. S phase. c. G1 phase. d. G2 phase.
b
In eukaryotic cells, RNA is copied from DNA in the a. ribosomes. c. nuclearmembrane. b. nucleus. d. cytosol.
b
In humans, PKU can be treated by a. insulin injections. b. diet. c. genetherapy. d. surgery.
b
In replication in prokaryotes, a. there are two origins. b. two replication forks move in opposite directions. c. replication proceeds in one direction. d. there are no replication forks.
b
Interleukins are secreted by a. cytotoxic T cells. b. helper T cells. c. plasma cells. d. All of the above
b
Jaws are thought to have evolved from the a. second and third vertebrae. c. first pair of fins. b. first pair of gill arches. d. anterior half of the pharynx.
b
Meiosis II a. is preceded by the copying of DNA. b. separates chromatids into opposite poles of the cell c. separates homologous chromosomes into opposite poles of the cell. d. produces diploid offspring cells.
b
One characteristic that is not found in any protozoan is a. heterotrophy. b. multicellularity. c. motility. d. parasitism
b
Skates belong to the class a. Myxini. b. Chondrichthyes. c. Reptilia. d. Amphibia.
b
The appearance of an organism is its a. genotype. b. phenotype. c. genotypic ratio. d. phenotypic ratio.
b
The artificial fabric rayon is made from a. rayon grass. b. processed wood fibers. c. coal. d. petroleum.
b
The domain Eukarya includes a. archaea, protists, fungi, and plants. b. protists, fungi, plants, and animals. c. protists, fungi, eubacteria, and archaea. d. fungi, eubacteria, plants, and animals.
b
The life cycle of a vascular plant is characterized by a. a large gametophyte and a small sporophyte. b. a large sporophyte and a small gametophyte. c. the absence of a sporophyte. d. the absence of a gametophyte.
b
The main criterion used in Linnaeus's system of classification is an organism's a. evolutionary history. c. taxonomy. b. morphology. d. hierarchy.
b
The organisms that live in hostile environments that cannot support other forms of life are members of the domain a. Bacteria. b. Archaea. c. Eukarya. d. None of the above
b
The percentage of adenine in DNA is a. equal to the percentage of cytosine. b. equal to the percentage of thymine. c. not related to the percentage of thymine. d. equal to the percentage of guanine.
b
The plant tissue that transports water from the roots to the leaves is the a. phloem. b. xylem. c.endosperm. d. woody tissue.
b
Two amino acids are linked by a peptide bond when a. two ribosomes attach simultaneously to the same mRNA transcript. b. two tRNAs pair with neighboring codons on an mRNA transcript. c. two codons on an mRNA transcript bind to each other. d. a ribosome attaches to two codons on an mRNA transcript.
b
Unlike animals, fungi a. ingest their nutrients before digesting them. b. secrete enzymes and then absorb the digested nutrients through their cell wall. c. have cell walls made of cellulose without chitin. d. do not store energy in the form of glycogen.
b
When alleles for different characteristics are on separate chromosomes, they are distributed to gametes independently. This observation is summarized by the law of a. cross-pollination. c. segregation. b. independent assortment. d. molecular genetics.
b
Which of the following is NOT a correct structure of a nucleotide? d. hydrogen bonds. d. guanine. a. adenine—deoxyribose—phosphate b. adenine—ribose—phosphate c. cytosine—deoxyribose—phosphate d. guanine—deoxyribose—phosphate
b
Which of the following is formed from the tests of dead sarcodines? a. granite b. limestone c. sandstone d. pearls
b
Which of the following is not a condition or disease that can be caused by fungi? a. athlete's foot b. AIDS c. ringworm d. candidiasis
b
Which of the following is not a fungal product of importance to the food-processing industry? a. vitamin B2 b. wheat rust c. citric acid d. gluconic acid
b
Which of the following is not a method of movement used by bacteria? a. gliding through a layer of slime b. forceful expulsion of water from contractile vacuoles c. producing a corkscrew-like motion d. propulsion by flagella
b
Which of the following is not a way that bacteria cause disease in humans? a. destroying body tissues c. damaging blood vessels b. conjugating with human cells d. dissolving blood clots
b
Which of the following types of bacteria would you be most likely to find in very salty water? a. chemoautotroph c. cyanobacterium b. halophile d. thermoacidophile
b
Which of the following viral diseases is now considered to be eradicated? a. chickenpox b. smallpox c. rabies d.hepatitis
b
the rules stating which base pairs with which
base pairing rule
body parts arranges in 2 equal halves ex. planarians , humans
bilateral
a method of asexual reproduction in which a single cell divides into two identical cells
binary fission
who is the universal blood donor
blood type O
study of plants
botany
. The automobile fuel gasohol is made in part with a. aflatoxins produced by Amanita. b. gluconic acid produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. c. ethanol produced by yeast. d. citric acid produced by yeast.
c
A diagnosis of AIDS is made when a person has a. an HIV infection. c. few T cells. b. few B cells. d. All of the above
c
A hermaphrodite is an organism that a. produces only male gametes. b. produces only female gametes. c. produces both male and female gametes. d. does not produce any gametes.
c
A monohybrid cross of two individuals that are heterozygous for a trait exhibiting complete dominance would probably result in a phenotypic ratio of a. 4 dominant:0 recessive. c. 3 dominant:1 recessive. b. 1 dominant:3 recessive. d. 1 dominant:1 recessive.
c
A poison that is released from the outer membrane of dead Gram-negative bacteria is called a. a pathogen. c. an endotoxin. b. an exotoxin. d. a broad-spectrum toxin.
c
Actinomycetes are a. archaea that are spiral-shaped. b. proteobacteria that cause tooth decay. c. Gram-positive bacteria that form branching filaments. d. Gram-negative bacteria that are photosynthetic.
c
After a sponge egg is fertilized, it develops into a(n) a. external bud. b. gemmule. c. larva. d. gastrula.
c
Algae are classified into phyla based on all of the following except their a. type of photosynthetic pigment. c. presence or absence of flagella. b. form of food storage. d. cell wall composition.
c
All fungi are a. multicellular and prokaryotic. c. eukaryotic and nonphotosynthetic. b. prokaryotic and photosynthetic. d. unicellular and photosynthetic.
c
All of the following are structures used for protist movement except a. cilia. b. flagella. c. zoospores. d. pseudopodia.
c
All of the following are vertebrate characteristics except a. a post-anal tail. c. a ventral hollow nerve cord. b. pharyngeal pouches. d. an endoskeleton.
c
All of the following plants are used for their medicinal value except the a. cinchona tree. b. white willow. c. coconut. d. foxglove.
c
All protists are capable of a. asexual reproduction b. sexual reproduction c. either asexual or sexual reproduction. d. conjugation.
c
Amoebas and paramecia belong to the kingdom a. Fungi. b. Plantae. c. Protista. d. Archaea.
c
An animal's ability to move results from the interrelationship between a. dermal tissue and vascular tissue. c. nervous tissue and muscle tissue. b. vascular tissue and nervous tissue. d. muscle tissue and ground tissue.
c
An emerging virus is one that arises a. from a host cell when the cell undergoes lysis. b. from a lysogenic cycle and enters a lytic cycle. c. when isolated habitats are developed by humans. d. on the skin after hiding inside nerve cells.
c
Aristotle classified animals on the basis of a. their size b. their evolutionary history. c. where they lived d. what they ate.
c
Bacteria can become resistant to antibiotics by a. secreting antibiotics. b. assisting the passage of antibiotics through the cell wall. c. acquiring an R-plasmid for resistance. d. growing only on Petri dishes.
c
Bone marrow is considered part of the immune system because it a. filters pathogens from blood. b. drains into the lymphatic system. c. produces white blood cells. d. produces plasma cells.
c
During crossing-over, portions of chromatids a. double the amount of DNA in each chromosome. b. move from autosomes to sex chromosomes. c. break off and attach to adjacent chro- maids on the homologous chromosome. d. separate from each other and move to opposite poles of the cell.
c
Fossil evidence indicates that the earliest prokaryotes on Earth lived about a. 1 billion years ago. c. 2.5 billion years ago. b. 5 billion years ago. d. None of the above
c
Fungi of the genus Cephalosporium are used to produce a. mushrooms. b. cheese. c. antibiotics. d. soy products.
c
Humans have 46 chromosomes in all cells except sperm and egg cells. How many of these chromosomes are autosomes? a. 2 b. 23 c. 44 d. 46
c
In a closed circulatory system, a. cells exchange nutrients directly with the environment. b. the bloodlike circulatory fluid never leaves the coelom. c. blood circulates through the body in tubular vessels. d. the blood carries gases but not nutrients or wastes.
c
In a dihybrid cross between an individual with the genotype RRYY and an individual with the genotype rryy, all of the offspring will have the genotype a. RRYY. b. RrYY. c. RrYy. d. rryy.
c
In oogenesis, a diploid reproductive cell divides meiotically to produce a. one diploid gamete. c. one haploid gamete. b. four diploid gametes. d. four haploid gametes.
c
In the G0 phase, cells a. synthesize DNA. b. prepare for cell division. c. exit from the cell cycle. d. move their chromosomes to the cell equator.
c
Mendel obtained plants that were true-breeding for particular traits by a. growing plants from the seeds other plants that showed that trait. b. discarding plants that showed other traits. c. allowing plants to self-pollinate for several generations. d. allowing plants to cross-pollinate for one generation.
c
mycelium that lack septa are called
cenocytic hyphae
holds replicated chromosomes together, where chromatid meet in the middle
centromere
concentration of sensory & brain structures in the anterior region of the animal
cephalization
division of cytoplasm
cytokinesis
base paired with guanine
cytosine
. Agutisa a. structure specialized for gas exchange in water. b. simple excretory organ of invertebrates. c. digestive chamber with one opening. d. digestive tract that runs through the body.
d
A cross between true-breeding green-podded pea plants and true-breeding yellow-podded pea plants produces only green-podded plants. When the F1 generation is allowed to self- pollinate, the F2 generation consists of a. only green-podded plants. b. only yellow-podded plants. c. aboutthree-quartersyellow-poddedplantsandone-quartergreen-poddedplants. d. aboutthree-quartersgreen-poddedplantsandone-quarteryellow-poddedplants.
d
A lancelet feeds by a. pursuing and capturing small animals with its tentacles. b. sucking blood from the skin of a larger animal. c. digesting nutrients contained in the bottom sediments it swallows. d. filtering food particles from the water that passes through its pharynx.
d
A mutation is a a. change in the direction of a replication fork. b. form of cancer. c. kind of DNA replication. d. change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA.
d
A plasmodial slime mold will generally form a fruiting body when a. its host dies. b. the number of cells in the plasmodium becomes too large. c. the environment becomes too cold. d. food or water is scarce.
d
Archaea and Bacteria are placed in separate domains because a. Bacteria lack cell membranes. b. Archaea have cells walls that contain peptidoglycan. c. proteins of Bacteria have no amino acids. d. their rRNA sequences are different.
d
Black pepper is the ground-up seed of a pepper plant, which makes pepper a. a fruit. b. a flavoring. c. an herb. d. a spice.
d
Choanocytes perform all of the following functions except a. pumping water into the interior of the sponge. b. engulfing and digesting food that is filtered from the water. c. passing nutrients to amebocytes. d. distributing nutrients throughout the rest of the body.
d
During cell division, the DNA in a eukaryotic cell is tightly packed and coiled into structures called a. centromeres. b. histones. c. haploids. d. chromosomes.
d
During synapsis, the a. DNA in each chromosome is copied b. spindle fibers disappear. c. cytoplasm divides. d. chromosomes line up next to their homologues.
d
Each of the following is a part of a seed except the a. embryo. b. endosperm. c. seed coat. d. gametophyte.
d
In the scientific name of an organism, the first part is the a. species identifier. b. variety. c. subspecies. d. genus.
d
Invertebrates are animals that lack a. true tissues. b. true organs. c. a skeleton d. a backbone.
d
Macrophages a. are white blood cells. b. cross blood-vessel walls. c. engulf and destroy large pathogens. d. All of the above
d
Natural killer cells are a. specialized red blood cells. b. infected cells. c. phagocytes. d. None of the above
d
One of the positive ways bacteria affect our lives is by a. producing dental caries. b. consuming improperly preserved foods. c. preventing the decomposition of dead plants and animals. d. helping to clean up oil spills.
d
Protozoans are members of the kingdom a. Animalia. b. Plantae. c. Fungi. d. Protista.
d
Scientists infer that the first invertebrates evolved from a. simple vertebrates. b. large groups of bacteria. c. loosely connected fungi. d. colonial protists.
d
Sniffling, sneezing, and respiratory distress may be symptoms of an allergic reaction to a. cortisone. c. the yeast Candida albicans. b. the Amanita mushroom. d. mold spores.
d
The body portion of a seaweed is called a a. pyrenoid. b. holdfast. c. sporophyte. d. thallus.
d
The cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell divides by a process called a. mitosis. b. meiosis. c. replication. d. cytokinesis.
d
The domain that includes organisms with true nuclei and membrane-bound organelles is called a. Bacteria. b. Archaea. c. Animalia. d. Eukarya.
d
The earliest vertebrates were a. bony fishes. b. spiny fishes with skeletons of cartilage. c. amphibians with thin, moist skin. d. jawless fishes
d
The enzyme reverse transcriptase uses a. DNA as a template to make more DNA. c. RNA as a template to make more RNA. b. DNA as a template to make RNA. d. RNA as a template to make DNA.
d
The genetic code specifies the correlation between a. a DNA-nucleotide sequence and an RNA-nucleotide sequence. b. an mRNA-nucleotide sequence and a tRNA-nucleotide sequence. c. an mRNA-nucleotide sequence and an rRNA-nucleotide sequence. d. an RNA-nucleotide sequence and an amino-acid sequence.
d
The most successful approach to controlling viral diseases has been the use of a. antibiotics. b. antiviral drugs. c. viroids. d. vaccines.
d
The two strands of a DNA molecule are held together by a. ionic bonds. b. covalent bonds. c. peptide bonds. d. hydrogen bonds.
d
The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is used to make all of the following except a. bread. b. vaccines. c. ethanol. d. penicillin.
d
Throughout most of their life cycle, most fungi are a. male. b. female. c. diploid. d. haploid.
d
To determine the genotype of an individual that shows the dominant phenotype, you would cross that individual with one that is a. heterozygous dominant. b. heterozygous recessive. c. homozygous dominant. d. homozygous recessive.
d
Viruses are not alive because they a. do not grow. b. lack cell parts. c. do not metabolize. d. All of the above
d
Which of the following human traits is not a polygenic trait? a. skin color b. eye color c. height d. ABO blood type
d
Which of the following sequences could result from an inversion of the sequence GAGACATT? a. GAGCATT b. GTGACATT c. CTCTGATT d. GATACAGT
d
Which of the following types of bacteria would you be most likely to find in the human intestinal tract? a. spirochete b. cyanobacterium c. thermoacidophile d. enteric bacterium
d
sugar in DNA
deoxyribose
Linnaeus' system
domain kingdom phylum class order family genus species
An internal skeleton typically composed of bone or cartilage
endoskeleton
domain and kingdom for humans
eukarya , anamalia
rigid outer covering that protects soft tissue of animals
exoskeleton
long whip-like structure that aids in locomotion
flagella
ex of vertebrates
humans
20 sided figure
icosahedron
what possible genotypes will produce O type blood
ii
outer skin
integument
movement for animals
interrelationship between muscle and nervous tissue
animals that don't have backbone
invertebrate
ex of cephalochordata
lancelets
immune system cell that means "big eater"
macrophage
who determines the sex of a child
male
chromosomes meet in middle
metaphase
differences of mitosis and meiosis
mitosis : starts w/ one diploid cell and ends up with two diploid cells producer somatic (body) cells one division Meiosis :starts with diploid cell and end up with 4 haploid , make sex cells or gametes , 2 divisions synapsis occurs to form tetrads , crossing over occurs
genetic cross dealing with one characteristic
monohybrid
many cells
multicellular
characteristics for animals
multicellular, heterotrophic, eukaryotic, sexual and asexual, vertebrate
study of fungi
mycology
an organic base that contains nitrogen
nitrogenous base
4 features of chordates
notochord, dorsal hallow nerve cord, pharyngeal pushes, post anal tail
Building blocks of nucleic acids
nucleotide
ball shapes symmetry, ex. sea urchin
spherical symmetry
2 nuclear envelopes form, chromosomes unravel to chromatin
telophase
asleep, not active
temperate
what is a sex linked trait
trait that is coded on a sex chromosome
one cell
unicellular
in Rna base paired with adenine
uracil