Biology Final exam

If an atom loses two electrons what charge will it have?

+2 charge

Steroids are composed of ________.

4 carbon fused ring structure, which is unusable for fats

If a specimen is being viewed under a 40x objective, and the microscope has a 10x ocular lens, what is the total magnification?

400x

According to the Octet Rule, atoms of elements react with each other in order to attain ____ electrons in their outermost energy level or shell.

8

Choose the best definition for the word "hypothesis."

A suggested explanation that can be tested.

Which property is shared by living things but not with a rock?

A.reproduction B.evolutionary adaptation C.energy processing D.regulation --------------------- E. All of the above

Which of these would be a positive ion?

An atom with six protons and five electrons

Which of the following does not possess a cell wall?

Animalia-

Value representing the number of protons in an element

Atomic Number

What do plants need for the photosynthesis process?

Carbon dioxide water and sunlight

________ increase the rate at which a chemical reaction occurs.

Catalyst

Evolution is fundamentally a ________.

Change in gene variation over time.

A key observations of ________ was that species of organisms on different islands were clearly similar, yet had distinct differences.

Darwin

Which 2 molecules form the sides (backbone) of the DNA ladder?

Deoxyribose sugar and phosphate

Active transport must function continuously because ________.

Diffusion is constantly moving solutes to areas of low concentration

Passive transport ________.

Does not require any energy input

An ________ arises from an ion's combined concentration gradient and electrical charge.

Electrochemical gradient

The cytoplasm in eukaryotes includes ________.

Everything in between the plasma membrane and the nuclear envelope

During ________, populations change over time.

Evolution

Which of the following is an educated assumption or prediction of what one expects to observe, or the predicted results of an experiment?

Hypothesis

Which of the following is characteristic of the lytic cycle?

Large number of phages is released at one time

According to ________, increased reproductive success is based on traits favored by a particular environment.

Natural selection

One of the principles of ________ is that organisms will compete for resources.

Natural selection

Which of these lists the steps in the scientific method in the most commonly-used order?

Observation, question, hypothesis, experiment, data analysis, evaluate hypothesis

An important type of essential fatty acids are ________.

Omega- 3 fatty acids

Which of these is true about how photosynthesis and respiration are related?

Products of photosynthesis are reactants of cellular respiration

What is the major difference between a prokaryotic and a eukaryotic cell?

Prokaryotic cells lack nucleus

Which plasma membrane component can be either found on the surface or embedded in the plasma membrane itself?

Protein

What are the positively charged particles in an atom?

Protons

The ________ of proteins forms when several polypeptides interact into an overall structure.

Quaternary structure

What is the function of the microscope diaphragm?

Regulates the amount of light passing through the specimen

Which of these is NOT part of the approach taken when using the scientific method to answer a question?

Run the experiment once and use these results to answer the question.

How could you describe the size of a virus?

Smaller than bacteria

Integral proteins ________.

Span all or part of the membrane

the recognition of self facilitated by the plasma membrane plays an important role in ________.

The immune response

Phospholipids naturally form a lipid bilayer because ________.

Their tails or non-polar

Which of the following is true about microtubules?

They are most active, invisible, during cell division

What is the main function of the projections on the surface of a virus?

They help the virus invaded its host

Competitive inhibition ...

This is the rate of catalyst producing the proportion of Enzo molecule is bound to a substrate

What is the main purpose of the light reactions?

To create ATP and NADPH to be used in the Calvin cycle

Which of the following is true about the relationship between depth of field and magnification? Question

When magnification increases, depth of field decreases.

Fossil evidence allows scientists to determine ________.

When organisms lived relative to each other

How are covalent bonds explained?

When the atom shares an electron with another atom.

When is apoptosis initiated?

When the nucleus of the cell begins to shrink

A retrovirus

Without cells viruses would not be able to multiply

Reasons that viruses are considered to be nonliving is because

Without cells viruses would not be able to multiply

Where do substrates bind to enzymes?

active site

The group of organisms that use the process of homeostasis includes

all living things

Proteins are composed of linked ________.

amino acids

Approved eye protection devices (such as goggles) are worn during the lab

any time chemicals, heat or glassware are used

If you do not understand a direction or part of a lab procedure, you should

ask your instructor

Which of the following is described as the basic unit of matter?

atom

What do all isotopes of carbon have in common?

atomic number and electrons

Electronegativity refers to how strongly an atom _______ additional electrons.

attracts

Organisms that make energy from the sun are called...

autotrophs

From the diagram of phylogenetic tree given in the reading assignment, which two domains of life are prokaryotes?

bacteria and archaea

A(n) _____ is a virus that infects a bacterial cell.

bacteriophage

Natural selection is ________.

based on present environmental conditions.

Proto-oncogenes can mutate into...

cancer

Dreams or hunches may be rejected because they ________.

cannot be scientifically validated

A/n ________ can represent the simplest living thing.

cell

Robert Hooke coined the term ________.

cell

All living things are made up of...

cells

Plant cells use their ________ to regulate water concentration.

central vacoule

The ________ is a structure unique to animal cells that functions in cell division.

centrosome

When gasoline is burned in a car engine, ________ energy is converted into _________ energy.

chemical;mechanical

Leaves look green because....

chlorophyll

Which stage of the scientific method immediately follows forming a hypothesis?

collecting data

Organisms that cannot make their own food and must obtain energy from the foods they eat are called____.

consumers

Which of these factors remains intentionally unchanged in an experiment?

control variable

Identify the type of bonding between the oxygen and hydrogens in one water molecule.

covalent bonding

A nucleotide of DNA may contain ________.

deoxyribose, thymine, and a phosphate group

If the oxygen level is experimentally manipulated in a fish tank, what type of factor is the resulting heart rate of the fish?

dependent variable

Where in the cell is the endoplasmic reticulum located?

directly outside the nuclear membrane

In an electron dot diagram, two pairs of shared electrons represent a ...

double bond

Which of the following is broader than both of the following categories: species and communities.

ecosystem

Assume that the reaction has a ΔG of -5.6 kcal/mol. What type of reaction is this?

endergonic

Synaptic vesicles are used for ________ of neurotransmitters.

exocytosis- reverse process of moving material into a cell

What type of chemical reaction releases energy?

exothermic

Cellulose is so rigid because ________.

extensive hydrogen bonding

Antibiotics kill viruses

false

Endergonic reactions can occur spontaneously.

false

________ are composed of a long chain of hydrocarbons to which a carboxyl group is attached.

fatty acids

The extracellular matrix serves ________ in tissues.

fibrous proteins

________ are always formed of ________ in a 9+2 array.

flagella/cilia ; microtubules

Plants contain specialized peroxisomes known as ________ that convert stored fats into sugars.

glyozxysomes

The picture shows the different stages in the life of a pea plant. Which characteristic of living things is being shown here?

growth and development

In addition to providing greater magnification than a light microscope, an electron microscope also provides ________.

higher resolution and magnification

RNA viruses require their own supply of certain enzymes because ...

host cells lack enzymes that can replicate the viral genome

A virus can infect only a limited number of species, called the ________.

hosts

The ________ the phospholipid bilayer prevent hydrophilic substances from passing straight through the plasma membrane.

hydrophobic tails in the center of

A solution is ________ when there is low osmolarity outside a cell and overall water moves into the cell.

hypotonic

in which type of bond are electrons transferred?

iconic bonding

Twelve mice are given different doses of a sedative drug to see how much time is required for each mouse to fall asleep. Three of the mice are given a "high" dose, three mice are given a "medium" dose, and three of them are given a "low" dose, while the last three mice are given a placebo dose (one which does not contain the actual sedative drug). The time at which each mouse falls asleep is recorded and the experiment is repeated for three trials. The sedative drug dosage, which may be high, medium, low, or absent will be

independent variable

Keratin is a type of ________ found in hair and nails

intermediate filaments

Natural selection ________.

is random.

Where is glucose synthesized

liver

Viruses need a ____ cell in order to copy themselves.

living

Which viral life cycle kills its host cell by breaking it open

lytic cycle

_______ are composed of protein and RNA.

mRNA

Who is able to assess all of the potential hazards of your distance learning laboratory setting and take the necessary precautions?

me

When your body temperature rises on a hot day, the neural and hormonal mechanisms activate sweating. Evaporation of sweat leads to cooling of the body surface. This is an example of ________.

negative feedback regulation

What quantities vary between isotopes of an element?

neutrons and mass number

Personal eyeglasses provide as much protection as

none of the above

Material enters and leaves the nucleus using pores in the ________.

nuclear envelope

________ is a special type of diffusion that moves water from an a more diluted area to one with a greater solute concentration.

osmosis

A student is collecting the gas given off from a plant in bright sunlight at a temperature of 27°C. The gas being collected is probably ____.

oxygen

All of the following are reactants of photosynthesis except

oxygen

During ________, the inward facing portion of the membrane is stabilized by clathrin.

phagocytosis

Nucleotide subunits are linked by a ________ bond.

phosphodiester

The main lipid component of plasma membranes are ________.

phospholipids

________ store energy in the form of starch

plants

The viral envelope is derived from the host cell's ___________________.

plasma membrane

In which type of bond are electrons shared unequally?

polar covalent bonds

Multiple organisms of the same species describe a

population

If an atom has 5 protons and 4 electrons, what is its charge?

positive charge

Endergonic reactions require energy and are ___

positive vaule

Which is true of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles.

When a virus is latent and inserts its DNA into the host cells genome, we call this what phase?

prophage

A virus consists of genetic material surrounded by a _______ coat.

protein

________ brings in only a specifically targeted substance.

receptor-medicated endocytosis

The process of converting carbon dioxide into sugars is called

respiration

Kevin walks inside a dim building on a sunny day. Once inside, his eyes dilate to allow more light into his eyes. What property of life does this represent?

response to stimuli

________ are found in practically every cell, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic.

ribosomes

Increased consumption of ________ may lead to heart disease.

saturated fats- stearic acid

Cholesterol is the precursor to ________, such as estrogen.

steroid hormones

The most abundant natural biopolymer serves what function?

structural support in plants

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum plays a major role in the ________.

synthesis of carbohydrates and lipids

Lysis is

the disintegration of a cell by rupture of the cell wall or membrane

The interior space of the chloroplast is called:

thylakoid

Guanine bonds with ______________.

thymine

Long hair in the laboratory must be

tied back or kept entirely out of the way with a hair band, hairpins, or other confining device

What is the function of the nosepiece?

to move the objective lenses

A virus cannot reproduce outside of a host cell.

true

________ are membrane-bound sacs with a variety of functions in cells

vesicles

In green plant photosynthesis, the electron donor for the light dependent reaction is

water

Oxygen produced by photosynthesis comes directly from

water

Darwin reasoned that the finches on the Galapagos Islands ________.

were modified descendants of mainland finches

Where do the light-dependent reactions take place?

within the thylakoid membranes