Biology Flash Cards

If you are ill with a bacterial infection and take antibiotics, the antibiotic will kill the harmful bacteria in your body. You will start feeling better and you may be tempted to stop taking the antibiotics before you finish the prescription. If you do stop taking the antibiotics, a small population of bacteria could survive. This small population of bacteria may have allele frequencies different from the bacteria that perished early in the antibiotic regimen. The remaining population can continue to live in your body and cause problems, but the population of bacteria will not be as genetically diverse.

A. Bacteria resistance B. Relative fitness C. Disruptive selection D. Bottleneck Effect D.

Which statement is true of both mitochondria and chloroplasts?

A. Both play a role in energy conversion B. Both are sites of cellular respiration C. Both convert energy from sugar, fats and other fuels into ATP D. They are both part of the endomembrane system A.

Which of the following statements regarding the nucleus is false?

A. Cellular Respiration B. Houses chromosomes C. Contains chromatin D. Surrounded by a double membrane A.

Which type of chemical bond involves the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, resulting in oppositely charged ions that are attracted to each other?

A. Covalent bond B. Ionic bond C. Hydrogen bond D. Van der Waals interactions B.

Which part of the cell allows the cell to discriminate in its chemical exchanges with its environment?

A. Cytoskeleton B. Cilia C. Plasma Membrane D. Cell Wall C

Although animal cells lack cell walls, they have a complex network of glycoproteins that provide structure and strength to the cell, referred to as:

A. Desmosomes B. Extracellular matrix C. Intermediate filaments D. Cytoskeleton B.

The loss of a predator population from a community can lead to an explosion of prey populations, allowing for intense competition between these species for resources. The result will be a drastic change in community structure. What name is given to a species that plays such a key role in maintaining community structure?

A. Dominant species B. Apex species C. Top species D. Keystone species D.

Which of the following is not part of the endomembrane system?

A. Endoplasmic reticulum B. Golgi apparatus C. Lysosomes D. Mitochondria D.

What it the ultimate source of new alleles in a population?

A. Genetic drift B. Bottleneck effect C. Founder effect D. Mutations D.

Differences in variation between populations living in separate locations is referred to as:

A. Geographic isolation B. Geographic variation C. Genetic drift D. The founder effect B.

Which group of organelles works together to regulate protein traffic and performs metabolic functions of the cell?

A. Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, and vacuoles B. Nucleus and ribosomes C. Mitochondria, chloroplast, peroxisome D. Nuclear envelope, nucleolus, chromatin A.

Warmer climates, adequate rainfall and the older age of tropical communities has resulted in:

A. Greater species diversity in tropical communities than in polar and temperate communities B. Less predation in tropical communities C. Greater pouching in tropical communities D. Less mutations A.

Which property of water allows it to move upward from the roots of a tree to its leaves?

A. High specific heat B. High heat of vaporization C. Cohesion D. Solvent of life C.

Which of the following applies to biogeography?

A. Humans have ear muscles which are no longer functional. B. The Galapagos finches are all similar to one another. C. The forelimb (arm) of a bat and that of a human have a large number of similarities. D. The wing of a bat and the wing of a bird both play a role in flight. B.

Which of the following statements is not true of a plasma membrane protein:

A. May aid in the transport of materials from one side of the membrane to the other B. Membrane proteins of adjacent cells may hook together in various kinds of junctions C. May be an enzyme or series of enzymes involved in metabolic pathways D. May be a membrane carbohydrate used for cell-to-cell recognition D.

Which group of cellular structures form the endomembrane system?

A. Microtubules, microfilaments and intermediate filaments B. Endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vesicles C. Mitochondria and chloroplasts D. Fimbriae, nucleoid, flagella B.

Which of the following molecules is a carbohydrate?

A. Palmitic acid B. Collagen C. Insulin D. Lactose D.

Interactions between populations can be described as promoting the fitness of a population, having a negative impact on the fitness of a population, or having no impact on the fitness of a population. Which of the following interactions describes one in which one population benefits and the other is unaffected?

A. Parasitism B. Commensalism C. Competition D. Mutualism B.

White blood cells engulf invading bacterium in a process called:

A. Phagocytosis B. Pinocytosis C. Receptor-mediated endocytosis D. Exocytosis A.

The relationship between cleaner fish and the fish they clean is best described as:

A. Predation B. Competition C. Mutualism D. Commensalism C.

There are four levels of protein structure. Which level includes the coils of the α helix and the folds of the β pleated sheets?

A. Primary structure B. Secondary structure C. Tertiary structure D. Quaternary structure B.

If you were late to biology class, and the instructor was discussing hyphae, chitin and mycelium, what could you assume was the topic for the day's discussion?

A. Protists B. Prokaryotic cells C. Fungi D. Insects C.

Which of the following statements correctly describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?

A. Saturated fats tend to be solid at room temperature; unsaturated fats are liquid at room temperature B. Saturated fats are cannot pack together closely because of their bent structure; unsaturated fats can pack together because they are flat C. Saturated fats come from plants and fish; unsaturated fats are from animals (except fish) D. Saturated fats are considered "healthy" fats; unsaturated fats may contribute to cardiovascular disease A.

The fossil record is a significant record of the history of life, but it is an incomplete record of evolutionary change. Many fossils have been destroyed by geologic processes and many are yet to be discovered. As a result, the known fossil record is biased in favor of species with certain characteristics. Which of the following is not a characteristic that would be included in the fossil record?

A. Species that were abundant B. Species with hard shells C. Species that existed for short periods of time D. Species that were widespread C.

There are several emergent properties of water that contribute its powerful affect on living organisms. These emerging properties are mostly due to:

A. The abundance of water on Earth B. The hydrogen bonds linking water molecules together C. Water's ability to moderate pH D. The buffering ability of water B.

What determines the function of a protein?

A. The number of peptide bonds B. The types of side chains C. The protein's specific structure D. The tissue that produces the protein C.

A sea turtle lays approximately 100 eggs at a time, yet on average only one of the eggs will survive to adulthood. Which type of survivorship curve represents a sea turtle population?

A. Type I B. Type II C. Type III D. Types II and III C.

Which structure-function pair is incorrectly matched?

A. Vacuole — Digestion, waste disposal, and storage B. Chloroplast — Photosynthesis C. Ribosome — Synthesis of lipids, detoxification of drugs and poisons D. Lysosome — Breakdown of ingested substances, damaged organelles recycled C.

During photosynthesis

A. light reactions produce sugar, while the Calvin cycle produces O2. B. light reactions produce NADPH and ATP, while the Calvin cycle produces sugar. C. light reactions photophosphorylate ADP, while the Calvin cycle produces ATP. D. the Calvin cycle produces both sugar and O2. B.

Organisms that reproduce sexually exhibit zygotic, gametic, or sporic meiosis. One way to determine the type of life cycle an organism has is by

A. observing embryonic development. B. comparing the diploid and haploid forms of the organism. C. determining when in the life cycle fertilization occurs. D. determining if gametes are multicellular or unicellular. B.