Biology Lesson 5

Which of the following does NOT describe a function of aggressive animal behavior? a.) Aggressive behavior is displayed to determine who is allowed to mate. b.) Aggressive behavior is displayed to establish hierarchy without violence. (WRONG) c.) Aggressive behavior is displayed to establish territorial boundaries. d.) Aggressive behavior leads to fights that allow strong animals kill off weaker members of the species.

Aggressive behavior leads to fights that allow strong animals kill off weaker members of the species

Bat wings and birdwings are examples of this type of structure in animals. a. Vestigial b. Homologous c. Phylogeny d. Analogous

Analogous - Analogous structures have similar structures but the animals evolved independently.

Which of the following angiosperm structures is responsible for producing pollen? a.) Sepal b.) Stigma c.) Style d.) Anther

Anther

During a natural disaster, part of a plant was damaged. If the plant can no longer grow, and produce new root cells, which part of the plant likely suffered damage? a.) Xylem b.) Phloem c.) Apical meristem d.) Root cap

Apical meristem

According to the cladogram shown, which two animal species shared the most RECENT common ancestor? a.) Sharks and birds b.) Primates and crocodiles c.) Birds and crocodiles d.) Birds and rodents

Birds and crocodiles

This type of plant tissue is responsible for protecting the outside of the pant. a. Dermal b. Apical meristem c. Endodermis d. Nodes

Dermal - The dermal tissue protects the outside of the plant. The endodermis is the xylem and phloem tissue. The apical meristem and nodes are responsible for plant growth.

Some animals that live in the desert don't move often, if at all, during the day in order to conserve water and energy. This seasonal behavior is best described as which of the following? a.) Homeostasis b.) Ectothermy c.) Estivation d.) Hibernation

Estivation - estivation, which is used by animals that live in hot or dry weather. During the hottest period, in order to conserve water and energy, an animal's respiration rate decreases and it remains still. This is common in desert animals during periods of major drought or lack of food.

Plants have many different hormones that influence their growth, development, and life cycle. For example, a cluster of over-ripe bananas on the counter can cause a newer apple to begin to ripen more quickly and go bad. Which hormone below is found in many fruits and can become airborne and cause over-ripening and abscission? a.) Abscisic acid b.) Ethylene c.) Cytokin d.) Auxin

Ethylene

Which of the following statements is TRUE about external and internal fertilization? a.) External fertilization doesn't require sexual intercourse. b.) All animals that lay eggs use external fertilization. c.) All animals that lay eggs use internal fertilization. d.) Internal fertilization doesn't require sexual intercourse.

External fertilization doesn't require sexual intercourse.

Which of the following is an example of a homologous structure? a. Bat wings b. Bird wings c. Wisdom teeth d. Eyeballs

Eyeballs - Homologous structures have similar structures but evolved independently, like eyeballs. Eyeballs function in similar ways in many different species that are unrelated.

Which of the statements is TRUE of saltwater and freshwater animal waste management systems? a.) Both saltwater and freshwater animals don't need to eliminate waste, as it diffuses out of their bodies naturally b.) Freshwater-based animals must have mechanisms to prevent water from trying to diffuse into their bodies c.) No saltwater or freshwater animals urinate d.) Saltwater-based animals must have a mechanism to prevent water from trying to diffuse into their bodies

Freshwater-based animals must have mechanisms to prevent water from trying to diffuse into their bodies

The Jones family has had their dog, Sadie, since she was a puppy. Sadie was raised in the home, which has a letter carrier visit at the same time every day. Though Sadie used to bark and scratch the door when the letter carrier dropped off packages, now she doesn't even wake up from her nap when the letter carrier comes. Sadie is demonstrating a learned behavior that she acquired through what method? a.) Mimicry b.) Trial-and-error c.) Habituation d.) Imprinting

Habituation

This is the only surviving species in genus hominids which humans belong to. a. Homo habilis b. Homo erectus c. Homo neaanderthalensis d. Homo sapiens

Homo sapiens - Humans are members the homo sapiens and the only surviving members of the genus homo.

Most animals and plants reproduce sexually. This means that DNA is passed down to new organisms from two parental organisms. Which of the following is a key advantage of sexual reproduction? a.) The receipt of the strongest genes from both parents for survival b.) The elimination of genetic mutations from a parent organism c.) The creation of new genes to improve survival d.) Increased genetic diversity for changing environments

Increased genetic diversity for changing environments

Which of the following is an example of innate behavior? a. Hibernation b. Dogs begin drooling at the sound of opening their food c. Imprinting d. Increased heart rate when scared

Increased heart rate when scared - An innate behavior is one where a response is inherited through genetics. Fight or flight responses like your heart rate increasing when scarfed, is an innate response.

Which of the following is TRUE of innate behaviors that are described as instincts? a.) Instincts are governed by genetics, while innate behaviors are not. b.) Instincts are complex series of innate behaviors. c.) Instincts are sudden, situational behaviors. (WRONG) d.) Instincts aren't governed by genetics, while innate behaviors are.

Instincts are complex series of innate behaviors

Animals must digest food once it's consumed. The diagram shows steps involved in which type of digestion? a.) Acid mediated digestion b.) Intracellular digestion c.) Digestive tract absorption d.) Extracellular digestion

Intracellular digestion

Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE about an animal's circadian rhythm? a.) It's not influenced by genetics, only the time of day b.) Animals have special adaptations depending on whether they are nocturnal or diurnal c.) It's influenced by genetics and the time of day d.) It can be adjusted or overcome with time and effort

It's not influenced by genetics, only the time of day

The first known bird fossils date to which era of time? a.) Jurassic b.) Permian c.) Cambrian d.) Triassic

Jurassic

This structure is important in converting ammonia and filtering waste out of the body. a. Lung b. Trachea c. Heart d. Kidney

Kidney - The kidneys filter waste from the body and remove ammonia through excretion.

List all the hierarchical of classification for animals in the order of least to most specific characteristics. a. Kingdom, order, genus, species b. Species, genus, phylum, kingdom c. Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species d. Species, genus, family, class, phylum, order, kingdom

Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species - The hierarchy classification goes from least specific characteristics to more specific characteristics: kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

Which structure is the site of photosynthesis within a plant? a.) Roots b.) Xylem c.) Leaves d.) Stomata

Leaves

Clams, snails, and oysters are classified in this animal phylum. a. Porifera b. Arthropods c. Echinoderms d. Mollusks

Mollusks - Mollusks are characterized by soft, unsegmented bodies and have strong muscular appendage called a foot.

This category of plants does not have vascular tissue or seeds. a. Ferns b. Angiosperms c. Gymnosperms d. Mosses

Mosses - Mosses are the category of plants that do not have vascular tissue or seeds. Ferns do not have seeds, but do have vascular tissues. Angiosperms and gymnosperms have vascular tissue and seeds.

Which of the following is NOT a required process for the survival of animals? a.) Response to stimuli b.) Absorption of nutrients and oxygen c.) Movement d.) Elimination of waste

Movement

A bird species known as the cattle egret is often found near farms in wet areas. The bird waits, sometimes even perched on a cow's back, until the cow kicks up a frog or fish while it walks. Then, the bird strikes and eats the exposed prey. This is an example of what kind of feeding relationship? a.) Parasitic b.) Mutalistic c.) Herbivorous d.) Detritus

Mutalistic

A new monkey species has developed. This species climbs trees and has opposable thumbs but does NOT have a prehensile tail. Which group of monkeys would this new species MOST LIKELY be related to? a.) Old World monkeys b.) New World monkeys c.) Strepsirrhines d.) Tarsiers

Old World monkeys

In tree rings, like those shown, each "ring" of growth represents what? a.) One season of growth b.) Two years of growth c.) One month of growth d.) One year of growth

One year of growth

A lone male wolf, who doesn't have a pack, travels the forest. When he reaches a new hill that he hasn't been on before, he spends a large amount of time sniffing the trees and rock outcrops. Finally, he turns and heads back from where he came, recognizing this is the territory of another wolf. What's MOST LIKELY responsible for communicating this information to the wolf? a.) Langauge b.) Pheromones c.) The tracks of other wolves on the hill d.) Markings on the trees

Pheromones

Which of the following is NOT a defining characteristic of plants? a.) Plants have cell walls b.) Plants contain chloroplasts for photosynthesis c.) Plants are prokaryotic d.) Plants are eukaryotic

Plants are prokaryotic

As opposed to freshwater animals, saltwater animals have a risk of this reaction due to the salt concentration in the water. a. Swelling b. Overflow of oxygen c. Losing carbon dioxide d. Shrinking

Shrinking - In saltwater, the salt concentration is higher outside of the animal cells that inside. This causes water to leave the cells through osmosis and can cause the cells to shrink from water loss.

Fish respiratory systems exchange gas and receive oxygen at the gills. This oxygen then enters the blood stream and is pumped through the heart and back through the gills without first returning to the heart. This order of events best describes which type of circulation system? a.) Open b.) Double loop c.) Recycling d.) Single loop

Single loop

Susan is planting her garden and choosing plants at the local plant nursery. She tells the clerk that she wants to plant perennials in her front garden bed. How often is Susan expecting the plants that she chooses to germinate and flower? a.) Sprout every year, year after year b.) Grow into larger, permanent trees and shrubs c.) Sprout every year for two years d.) Sprout this year and need to be replanted

Sprout every year, year after year

Which of the following is often provided by anthropologists and biologists as a possible explanation for the development of bipedal hominids? a.) Standing upright allowed for sightlines over tall grasses and savannah shrubbery b.) Standing upright allowed for more efficient movement c.) Standing upright allowed for better foraging of tree fruits d.) Standing upright allowed for better tree climbing

Standing upright allowed for sightlines over tall grasses and savannah shrubbery

This plant structure is responsible for producing leaves, transporting water and nutrients, and support the plant. a. Flowers b. Roots c. Seeds d. Stems

Stems - Stems are responsible for all of these actions.

Root vegetables, such as carrots, are classified as what type of root system? a.) Dermal Root System b.) Fibrous root system c.) Taproot system d.) Nutritious root system

Taproot system

Which of the following describes a phenomenon that occurs when we observe plants that wilt? a.) The stomata close, cutting off transpiration and gas exchange. b.) The xylem releases all its water. c.) The plant begins absorbing oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. d.) The roots begin to rot, causing them to no longer uptake water.

The stomata close, cutting off transpiration and gas exchange.

Liverworts and mosses were some of the earliest land-based plants. Which statement CORRECTLY explains why these species are still restricted to growing in moist environments? a.) Their gametes must swim in order to interact and for fertilization to occur. b.) They don't have cell walls to retain moisture in their cells and dry out otherwise. c.) They can't absorb water through their roots and must do it through their leaves. d.) Their seeds must absorb water in order to germinate.

Their gametes must swim in order to interact and for fertilization to occur.

Which of the following statements is considered TRUE of Neanderthals? a.) They evolved into homo sapiens. b.) They had some system of religious beliefs about afterlife. c.) They had smaller brains than homo sapiens (modern humans). d.) They emerged after the ice age.

They had some system of religious beliefs about afterlife

You're moving into a new apartment and trying to fit your large chair through the doorway. Your friend, who is helping you move, suggests rotating the chair a different way and seeing if it fits. However, you remember that the last time you moved the chair, it must first be reclined in order to fit through the doorway. Which choice below CORRECTLY identifies the learning strategies that you each are using in this example? a.) Your friend is demonstrating trial-and-error, and you're demonstrating imprinting. b.) Your friend is demonstrating insight, and you're demonstrating trial-and-error. c.) Your friend is demonstrating insight, and you're demonstrating imprinting. d.) Your friend is demonstrating trial-and-error, and you're demonstrating insight.

Your friend is demonstrating trial-and-error, and you're demonstrating insight

Over time, plants developed structural adaptations of vascular systems and seeds in order to _____. a. be more successful in water ecosystems. b. produce haploid seeds. c. carry out photosynthesis. d. colonize land ecosystems.

colonize land ecosystems - Vascular systems and seeds allowed plants to colonize the land ecosystems.

The adaptive structure and function of leaves and stems helps the plant _____. a. produce haploid gametes. b. produce diploid gametes. c. prevent wilting. d. create its own energy.

create its own energy - Plants have adaptations that assist in the creation of energy such as: stems support and hold the leaves above the ground for more light, surface of leaves exposed to sunlight.

Some freshwater animals have adapted flame cells, watery urine production, and salt pumps to prevent _____. a. homeostasis. b. oxygen exchange. c. ammonia removal. d. excess water from entering their bodies.

excess water from entering their bodies - Freshwater animals must control the amount of water that moves into their cells through osmosis. If too much water enter the cells they may swell or bloat.

All of the following adaptations allow for reproduction on land except _____. a. external fertilization. b. eggs with sufficient food supply. c. desiccation-resistant eggs. d. amniotic eggs.

external fertilization - Land animals must provide protection for the developing embryo. This occurs through the amniotic fluid, eggs with a shell, and food supply in the egg.

Characteristics of homo sapiens that are unique to this genus include using tools, burying their dead, and _____. a. opposable thumbs. b. hair on their bodies. c. lack of prehensile tail. d. formed societies.

formed societies - Being bipedal, or walking upright, are characteristics of homo sapiens

Some angiosperms may reproduce asexually, a process that creates _____. a. diploid spores. b. cotyledons. c. haploid spores. d. genetically identical offspring.

genetically identical offspring - Asexual reproduction is where a new plant can grow from roots, stem, or leaf and creates a genetically identical offspring.

A difference between monocot and dicot angiosperm flowers that can help identify them is that dicots _____. a.) don't grow flowers. b.) grow flowers with petals in multiples of 4s and 5s. c.) grow flowers with petals in multiples of 3s. d.) don't grow pink flowers.

grow flowers with petals in multiples of 4s and 5s

When farm animals become used to sounds and movement such as cars moving near them, they have stopped reacting to stimuli. This is an example of _____. a. fight or flight. b. territory. c. instincts. d. habituation.

habituation - This is an example of habituation. The farm animals have experienced the sounds and movement of cars without experiencing a negative punishment or threat.

Humans sweat, which is triggered by high body temperatures after exercise or hot days in order to _____. a. maintain homeostasis. b. communicate within the nervous system. c. save energy. d. stay warm.

maintain homeostasis - To maintain homeostasis, animals may sweat in order to release heat from the body.

In a vascular plant, the xylem transports water and dissolved nutrients to the leaves, while the _____ transports sugars from photosynthesis in the leaves back to the roots. a.) xylem b.) mesophyl c.) phloem d.) stomata

phloem

A key feature of animal body plans is that they can show multiple types of symmetry. For example, a dog would represent bilateral symmetry, while a jelly fish and other cnidarians would represent _____. a.) spherical symmetry. b.) circular symmetry. c.) radial symmetry. d.) planar symmetry.

radial symmetry.

Plant growth and production of flowers are processes that are driven by _____. a. photosynthesis. b. water supply. c. presence of seeds and fruit. d. the number of hours of darkness and daylight.

the number of hours of darkness and daylight - Plant growth and production of flowers are processes driven by the seasons, and specifically the length of daylight and darkness each day.

All of the following are ways that animals maintain homeostasis and cool down except _____. a. sweating. b. panting their tongues. c. flapping their wings. d. the production of goosebumps.

the production of goosebumps - The production of goosebumps is a way that some animals warm-up to maintain homeostasis.

The plant reaction of a venus fly trap moving in response to touch is called _____. a. negative-gravitropism. b. positive-gravitropism. c. phototropism. d. thigmotropism.

thigmotropism - The plant reaction of movement in response to touch is called thigmotropism.

Plant processes of capillary action, transpiration, and root pressure are the result of _____. a. the water cycle. b. seasonal changes. c. leaf production. d. unique properties of water.

unique properties of water - These processes are a result of the unique properties of water- cohesion and adhesion.

Chlorophyll is the primary green pigment responsible for plant color. The molecule appears green because it absorbs all wavelengths of light except for green, which it reflects back for us to see. In the autumn, trees and plants undergo changes in their pigments. Which of the following BEST describes why we observe many trees change their color to red, orange, or yellow in the autumn? a.) The soil produces different nutrients in the winter that are absorbed into the plant and cause color change in the leaves. b.) Chlorophyll breaks down, exposing other pigment molecules we normally don't see. c.) As chlorophyll becomes colder, it changes its color from green to red, orange, or yellow. d.) Tree leaves stop producing chlorophyll in cold temperatures and produce other pigment molecules.

Chlorophyll breaks down, exposing other pigment molecules we normally don't see

Fish, reptiles, and mammals are in this animal phylum. a. Mollusks b. Arthropods c. Nematods d. Chordata

Chordata - Chordata is characterized by a dorsal nerve chord and bilateral symmetry.

The famous experiment of Ivan Pavlov where he researched dogs and their responses to stimuli was designed to evaluate this type of learning. a. Insight b. Trial-and-error c. Imprinting d. Classical conditioning

Classical conditioning - Ivan Pavlov researched classical conditioning and played a sound for dogs before feeding. The dogs became conditioned to receiving food after the bell. Once the dogs were trained, whenever they heard the bell, they began drooling in expectation of food.

The evolution of lungs and gills, which developed to serve a similar gas-exchange purpose in distantly related organisms, is an example of what type of evolution? a.) Natural selection b.) Emergent evolution c.) Convergent evolution d.) Divergent evolution

Convergent evolution