Biology M10

What percent of energy is available as you move up each tropic level?

10%

What type of population would be associated with a population pyramid that has an extremely broad base?

A rapidly expanding population

Elisabeth is an oceanographer. On which of the following research expeditions would she travel from the photic zone to the aphotic zone?

A submersible traveling from the ocean surface to the abyss

limiting factor

Any biotic or abiotic factor that restricts the existence, numbers, reproduction, or distribution of organisms.

Which of the following is a limiting factor in a population of organisms?

Availability of food

Why is biodiversity important for ecosystem health and the services the ecosystem provides? Provide a specific example using complete sentences.

Biodiversity is important for ecosystem health since the greater the diversity, the more resources we have and the greater chance of ecosystems survival. If the world suffered a crisis such as too much air pollution, the diverse amount of resources we have will flush it out faster and provide more options for survival.

What is the system of all living things and their interactions with all of the world spheres called?

Biosphere

Which of the following correctly pairs biotic factors with an effect on the biosphere?

Biotic factors would increase the number and variety of predators.

Why is it beneficial to use a model that shows the interactions of Earth's systems including the atmosphere, biosphere, geosphere, and hydrosphere?

Causes and effects of global change may involve mor than one Earth system.

Processes involved in the water cycle are represented by letters in the diagram.In which group are these processes correctly identified?

D-Precipitation

Explain how deforestation of tropical rainforests affects the water and carbon cycles. Please answer using complete sentences.

Deforestation affects the water and carbon cycles since it harms major parts of their cycles. For the water cycle, groundwater can be transported through the trees and plant life but without that, it loses one of its main methods of getting evaporated. Carbon is also stored in plants and causes more carbon to be released into the atmosphere.

What is the branch of biology that focuses on how organisms relate to one another and their surroundings?

Ecology

Why are estuaries and wetlands important? Please answer in complete sentences.

Estuaries and wetlands are important because they both are great homes and breeding grounds for many different kinds of organisms. Also, they could help prevent flooding, specifically wetlands.

What is a linear sequence of energy transfer from one organism to the next?

Food chain

Which diagram shows a network of multiple food chains and their interactions with each other?

Food web

What is the major cause of the greenhouse effect?

Gases in the atmosphere absorb and trap Earth's heat.

Taiga Temperature forest Tropical Rainforest

Has dense, evergreen coniferous forest and long, cold winters Has cone-bearing and leaf-bearing trees, and the trees lose their leaves during the winter Has the largest number of plant and animal species on Earth

The following is an example of a food chain from sagebrush to -> steppe ecosystem. Which of the organisms is the tertiary consumer? Sagebrush->Squirrel->Snake->Hawk

Hawk

Which of the following factors does NOT influence a biome?

How many people live there

The diagram below shows the nitrogen cycle. What is the role of nitrates in the cycle?

It is used by plants for protein synthesis.

Which feature defines an organism's niche?

Its role in its habitat

Coral reefs and kelp forests are found in the coastal ocean. Why is the coastal ocean more productive than the open ocean?

Land runoff provides a source of nutrients

A developer wants to build a hotel along the Indian River Lagoon estuary in Florida. What impact would this most likely have on the estuary?

Loss of breeding and nursery grounds for marine species

In the tropical regions of Africa, the crocodile lies with its mouth open. A bird species, the Plover, flies into its mouth and feeds on bits of decaying meat stuck in the crocodile's teeth. The crocodile doesn't eat the plover. Which term best describes the interaction between the crocodile and the plover?

Mutualism

Phytoplankton are primary producers in the marine environment. In which zone do phytoplankton live?

Photic Zone

What is a group of the same species living together in the same geographic location called?

Population

Data on the immigration and emigration of a species would be most helpful in determining which of the following?

Population of a species

How do populations of predator and prey affect each other? Please answer using complete sentences.

Predator and prey populations affect each other greatly. When the predator population is high, the prey population will go down but when the prey population is lowered, so will the predator population since they lose some food sources.

Which organisms make their own food by absorbing energy from the usn through photosynthesis?

Primary producers

The diagram shows the cycling of nutrients in an ecosystem. The removal of which of the following groups would cause an immediate decrease in the amount of energy flowing through the system?

Producers

Which of the following statements is true about natural systems?

Producers are at the bottom level of both the energy pyramid and the biomass pyramid.

What are two ways that precipitation moves through the water cycle?

Rain and snow

Which of the following interactions between organisms would be considered a commensalism relationship?

Remora fish attach to sharks and eat the scraps they leave behind.

Which of these organisms would most likely be found at the top of an energy pyramid?

Sharks- tertiary consumer

Which of the following examples describes climate?

Summers are usually hot and dry.

A red squirrel has 4000kJ of energy from organisms in the following food web. Which of the following statements best describes the transfer of energy between the red squirrel and the fox?

The fox will receive 400 kJ of available energy from the red squirrel.

When the environment has reached carrying capacity, which of the following conclusions can be made?

The growth and immigration is equal to the death and emigration rate.

Suppose there is a population of both light and dark-colored beetles that live in a forest of trees with light-colored trunks. Which of the following results is most likely to occur to the beetle population due to predation over time?

The number of light-colored beetles in the population will increase.

Compare and contrast a food chain and a food web by explaining the differences and similarities. Please answer using complete sentences.

The similarities between a food web and a food chain are that both describe where different organisms get their energy and both start off with the energy being made from the producers. The difference is food webs have many more organisms shown and also show their relationships where they might be in the same part of the chain but they also eat someone in their class.

Years ago, a wetland was filled in to build a park. The town wants to restore the area to a shallow pond surrounded by a marsh. What do you think are the pros and cons of this proposal? What information would be beneficial in helping people decide if they should support the plan or not? Please make sure to answer in complete sentences.

There are many pros to building a wetland and good information for these people to want to support the plan. The wetland will help prevent flooding, be a breeding ground for more different types of organisms, and purify water. The cons are the possible loss of many of the plants and organisms they already have that won't be able to adapt to the low oxygen levels.

Which of the following statements would be a consequence of a natural disaster that killed off most of the primary consumers in an ecosystem?

There would be a decrease in the population size of the secondary and tertiary consumers.

Compare and contrast the food chain to the food web, using examples. Please answer using complete sentences.

They both show the different levels of organisms and start with producers but the main difference it, food webs have far more organisms and how they eat more than the type of animal. Food chains just show one of each level of organisms and them eating one animal or thing each.

The energy within an ecosystem flows from the producers to the consumers. However, a very important group of heterotrophs are decomposers. What role do decomposers serve in an exosystem?

They break down organic matter into nutrients for other organisms.

Why are estuaries important?

They provide breeding and nursery grounds for marine organisms.

Estuary Lake River Wetland

This ecosystem occurs where freshwater flows into oceans. This ecosystem is a basin filled with freshwater that is surrounded by land. This ecosystem begins underground or from mountain snowmelt and flows. This ecosystem occurs where water covers a layer of soil for at least part of the year

Benthic Zone Intertidal Zone Neritic Zone Pelagic Zone

This zone experiences extreme pressure and frigid temperatures, and there is no light. This zone experiences changes in water level during high and low tide. This zone receives nutrients from land and extends over the continental shelf. This zone makes up over 90% of the world's oceans and ranges from 200-10,000 m deep.

Explain why no two species can occupy the same niche at the same time. Please answer using complete sentences.

Two species can't occupy the same niche at the same time because then competition will occur. If two species are using the same resources to live and do their role, they will have to fight for who gets it.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a freshwater wetland?

Water flows in only one direction.

What term describes the day-to-day changes in temperature, cloud cover, wind, and precipitation conditions?

Weather

How are weather and climate similar? How are they different? Please answer using complete sentences.

Weather and climate are similar because they both describe the changes in our temperature and precipitation. They are different because the climate is long-term patterns that are created after a long time period while weather changes daily.

Which biome has soil that is covered with a thin layer of water and contains grasses that grow in the spongy soil?

Wetlands

Burning of plant material returns carbon primarily to the ____.

atmosphere

The physical location of an ecosystem in which a given species live is called a ___.

habitat

biotic potential

is the growth rate of an organism without anything limiting or harming it

Which of the following would not be included in a description of an organism's niche?

its color

K strategist

reproduce late in life; few offspring; care for offspring

r-strategist

reproductive strategy in which organisms reproduce early, bear many small, unprotected offspring (ex. insects, mice).

Which of the following resources do plants not compete for?

warmth