Biology - Meiosis vs. Mitosis pt.1

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What the stages in mitosis

(p)rophase, (m)etaphase, (a)naphase, (t)elophase

Why do some cells not grow back

They do not reproduce because they are in G0 phase of interphase, resting phase

In mitosis you do PMAT how many times?

once

What is a cancer doctor called?

oncologist

(UNIT ONE) what does the nucleolus do?

produces and assembles ribosomes

What is apoptosis and why is it important?

programmed cell death that prevents enzymes from leaking out of a dying cell and damaging neighboring cells

What is a homologous chromosomes?

same genes, different alleles

What attaches to the kinetochore (a protein) ?

spindle fibers

What are chromatids

strandds of replicated chromosomes

What happens in interphase

the cell grows, the DNA is replicated, and carrying out cell functions

Homologous chromosomes mean

the chromosomes are approx are the same size and contain the same type of genes in the same place

What is a centromere

the part of the chromosome where sister chromatids are held together

What happens in prometaphase?

1. Nuclear envelope breaks down 2. sinpindle fibers attach to the kenetic core 3. centrosomes/centrioles arrive at opposite poles

a male has __ pairs of homologous chromosomes

22

a female has __ pairs of homologous chromosomes

23

How many chromosomes do you get from each parent?

23 from each parent

How many chromosomes do humans have?

46

how many chromosomes are in each cell

46 chromosomes

when the 46 chromosomes duplicate, how many chromosomes do we have?

46 chromosomes

when the 46 chromosomes duplicate, how many chromatids do we have?

96 chromatids

What is a karyotype?

A display of every pair of homologous chromosomes within a cell, organized according to size and shape (biggest to smallest)

What happens during G0 of Mitosis? (interphase)

Also known as the resting phase, many cells spend their time at rest

what is a Benign tumor

An abnormal mass of cells that remains at its original site in the body.

What is a malignant tumor

An abnormal tissue mass that can spread into neighboring tissue and to other parts of the body; a cancerous tumor.

_________ is a non-cancerous cell that grows slowly

Benign

what does a histone do

Binds DNA to help package it

What happens in metaphase?

Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

Chromosomes are made from?

DNA and protein

do diploid or haploid cells do mitosis (check this)

Diploid

what does mitosis do for cells?

Growth and Repair

are mom and dad chromosomes Homologous or non-homologous (gene 1)

Homologous

What is the stage that happens before Meiosis and Mitosis called?

Interphase

________ is a cancerous cell that grows quickly

Malignant

Where does metastasis happen?

Malignant Tumor

can you access your DNA when you are a chromosome

NO

is interphase apart of Mitosis

NO

Does mitosis involve sex cells (sperm and eggs)?

No, it is for cheek cells, stomach cells, etc.

What happens in telophase?

Nuclear membrane reforms Chromosomes decondense

A starter cell in Meiosis can be? (male and Female name)

Primary Spermatocyte (in males) and primary oocyte (in females)

Meiosis is called a ________ division. Why is it called this?

Reduction, because you have a starting cell that contains 46 chromosomes but they ending cells , sperm and egg cells, only have 23 chromosomes

when are sister chromatids made in interphase?

S phase

What happens in anaphase?

Sister chromatids split and move to either pole (Disjunction)

Most human cells have 46 chromosomes, except? They have how many chromosomes instead?

Sperm and Egg cells, 23 chromosomes

what are stages of cancer?

Stages 1-4

What are the kinds of treatments for tumors

Surgery, Radiation (certain part), Chemotherapy (whole body)

What happens in the G2 phase of Mitosis (interphase)

The cell "double checks" the duplicated chromosomes for error, making any needed repairs

Why do sperm and egg cells only have 23 chromosomes?

When they come together, they will form the 46 chromosomes

What happens in Prophase

a cell's genetic material condenses, a spindle starts to form, and the nuclear envelope breaks down

What is aster formation

a cellular structure shaped like a star, formed around each centrosome during mitosis in an animal cell.

what is a tumor

a mass of cancer cells

What is metastasis?

cancer cells leaving a tumor and invading other parts of the body very quickly or lymphatic systhem example: bloodstream

What happens in G1 phase in Mitosis (interphase)

cellular contents, excluding the chromosomes are duplicated

what is the dot in the middle of sister chromatids

centromere

What is the line in the middle that cuts apart the cell in Anaphase

cleavage furrow

What is a non homologous chromosomes?

different genes (different chromosomes)

What happens in the S phase of Mitosis (interphase)

each of the 46 chromosomes is duplicated by the cell, sister chromotids are made

what do Sperm and Egg cells create?

fertilized egg cell

What is the name for sperm and egg cells in meiosis?

gametes

what process does meiosis contributes to?

genetic variety

In meiosis, the chromatins in prophase I lines up with their

homologous pair

Mitosis makes what type of cells in cell division?

identical body

when does kinetochore appear

in prophase

in Meiosis you do PMAT how many times?

twice

What is a sister chromatid?

two identical chromosomes combined with a centromere

What is chromati(n)?

uncoiled/uncondenced DNA; (n)oodles

What is cancer?

uncontrolled cell growth; mutation


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