Biology - Meiosis vs. Mitosis pt.1
What the stages in mitosis
(p)rophase, (m)etaphase, (a)naphase, (t)elophase
Why do some cells not grow back
They do not reproduce because they are in G0 phase of interphase, resting phase
In mitosis you do PMAT how many times?
once
What is a cancer doctor called?
oncologist
(UNIT ONE) what does the nucleolus do?
produces and assembles ribosomes
What is apoptosis and why is it important?
programmed cell death that prevents enzymes from leaking out of a dying cell and damaging neighboring cells
What is a homologous chromosomes?
same genes, different alleles
What attaches to the kinetochore (a protein) ?
spindle fibers
What are chromatids
strandds of replicated chromosomes
What happens in interphase
the cell grows, the DNA is replicated, and carrying out cell functions
Homologous chromosomes mean
the chromosomes are approx are the same size and contain the same type of genes in the same place
What is a centromere
the part of the chromosome where sister chromatids are held together
What happens in prometaphase?
1. Nuclear envelope breaks down 2. sinpindle fibers attach to the kenetic core 3. centrosomes/centrioles arrive at opposite poles
a male has __ pairs of homologous chromosomes
22
a female has __ pairs of homologous chromosomes
23
How many chromosomes do you get from each parent?
23 from each parent
How many chromosomes do humans have?
46
how many chromosomes are in each cell
46 chromosomes
when the 46 chromosomes duplicate, how many chromosomes do we have?
46 chromosomes
when the 46 chromosomes duplicate, how many chromatids do we have?
96 chromatids
What is a karyotype?
A display of every pair of homologous chromosomes within a cell, organized according to size and shape (biggest to smallest)
What happens during G0 of Mitosis? (interphase)
Also known as the resting phase, many cells spend their time at rest
what is a Benign tumor
An abnormal mass of cells that remains at its original site in the body.
What is a malignant tumor
An abnormal tissue mass that can spread into neighboring tissue and to other parts of the body; a cancerous tumor.
_________ is a non-cancerous cell that grows slowly
Benign
what does a histone do
Binds DNA to help package it
What happens in metaphase?
Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
Chromosomes are made from?
DNA and protein
do diploid or haploid cells do mitosis (check this)
Diploid
what does mitosis do for cells?
Growth and Repair
are mom and dad chromosomes Homologous or non-homologous (gene 1)
Homologous
What is the stage that happens before Meiosis and Mitosis called?
Interphase
________ is a cancerous cell that grows quickly
Malignant
Where does metastasis happen?
Malignant Tumor
can you access your DNA when you are a chromosome
NO
is interphase apart of Mitosis
NO
Does mitosis involve sex cells (sperm and eggs)?
No, it is for cheek cells, stomach cells, etc.
What happens in telophase?
Nuclear membrane reforms Chromosomes decondense
A starter cell in Meiosis can be? (male and Female name)
Primary Spermatocyte (in males) and primary oocyte (in females)
Meiosis is called a ________ division. Why is it called this?
Reduction, because you have a starting cell that contains 46 chromosomes but they ending cells , sperm and egg cells, only have 23 chromosomes
when are sister chromatids made in interphase?
S phase
What happens in anaphase?
Sister chromatids split and move to either pole (Disjunction)
Most human cells have 46 chromosomes, except? They have how many chromosomes instead?
Sperm and Egg cells, 23 chromosomes
what are stages of cancer?
Stages 1-4
What are the kinds of treatments for tumors
Surgery, Radiation (certain part), Chemotherapy (whole body)
What happens in the G2 phase of Mitosis (interphase)
The cell "double checks" the duplicated chromosomes for error, making any needed repairs
Why do sperm and egg cells only have 23 chromosomes?
When they come together, they will form the 46 chromosomes
What happens in Prophase
a cell's genetic material condenses, a spindle starts to form, and the nuclear envelope breaks down
What is aster formation
a cellular structure shaped like a star, formed around each centrosome during mitosis in an animal cell.
what is a tumor
a mass of cancer cells
What is metastasis?
cancer cells leaving a tumor and invading other parts of the body very quickly or lymphatic systhem example: bloodstream
What happens in G1 phase in Mitosis (interphase)
cellular contents, excluding the chromosomes are duplicated
what is the dot in the middle of sister chromatids
centromere
What is the line in the middle that cuts apart the cell in Anaphase
cleavage furrow
What is a non homologous chromosomes?
different genes (different chromosomes)
What happens in the S phase of Mitosis (interphase)
each of the 46 chromosomes is duplicated by the cell, sister chromotids are made
what do Sperm and Egg cells create?
fertilized egg cell
What is the name for sperm and egg cells in meiosis?
gametes
what process does meiosis contributes to?
genetic variety
In meiosis, the chromatins in prophase I lines up with their
homologous pair
Mitosis makes what type of cells in cell division?
identical body
when does kinetochore appear
in prophase
in Meiosis you do PMAT how many times?
twice
What is a sister chromatid?
two identical chromosomes combined with a centromere
What is chromati(n)?
uncoiled/uncondenced DNA; (n)oodles
What is cancer?
uncontrolled cell growth; mutation
