Biology Midterm Exam

How many neutrons are present in the nucleus of a phosphorus atom?

16

According to the graph, the increase in CO2 concentration, in parts per million, between 1970 and 1990 is closest to

25 ppm

A common ancestor for both species D and G could be at position number

5

If a short-day plant has a critical night length of 15 hours, then which of the following 24-hour cycles will prevent flowering?

8 hours light/8 hours dark/light flash/8 hours dark

For a given population that contains genetic variation and is under the influence of natural selection, what is the correct sequence of the following events?

A change occurs in the environment, poorly adapted individuals do not survive, well-adapted individuals leave more offspring, genetic frequencies within the population change

Which of the following examples describes a behavioral pattern that results from a proximate cause?

A female bird lays its eggs because the amount of daylight is decreasing slightly each day.

Upon observing a golden eagle flying overheard, a sentry prairie dog community.

Altruistic behavior

For most terrestrial ecosystems, pyramids of numbers, biomass, and energy are essentially the same, exhibiting a broad base and a narrow top. The primary reason for this pattern is

At each step, energy is lost from the system as a result of keeping the organisms alive.

If a fish farmer wanted to harvest his fish so that it recovered at the maximum rate, where should the population be maintained?

B

Based on the five molecules above (A-E), which ones contains a carbonyl group?

B and C

The chart below shows physical traits of different animal species, labeled 1-5. According to the data shown in the chart, which phylogenic tree is the most appropriate representation of how the represented species evolved.

C

Which graph illustrates evolution as an ongoing process?

C

Three of the following illustrations depict different structural isomers of the organic compound with the molecular formula C6H14. For clarity, only the carbon skeletons are shown; hydrogen atoms that would be attached to the carbons have been omitted. Which one is NOT a structural isomer of this compound.

C-C=C-C | | C C

Identify the reactants CO2 + H2O -> H2CO3

CO2 and H2O

The land on a 100-acre farm is equally suited for grazing cattle and growing corn. Of the following ways of distributing land use, which would produce the greatest number of calories for human consumption?

Cattle: 0 Corn: 100

Which of the following is true concerning the drawing?

Community 1 has more species diversity than community 2

A study of the metabolic rate in a terrestrial community shows that the energy released by respiration exceeds the energy captured in photosynthesis. Which of the following situations is occurring?

Community biomass is decreasing

Based on the five molecules displayed above (A-E), which one is considered an organic acid?

D

Which of the following best describes the flow of information in eukaryotic cells?

DNA->RNA->proteins

Which lettered portion of the graph most closely corresponds to the carrying capacity of the ecosystem?

E

Cells of the pancreas will incorporate radioactively labeled amino acids into proteins. What is its most likely pathway?

ER->Golgi->vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane

The ripening of fruit and the dropping of leaves and fruit are principally controlled by

Ethylene

If an atom of sulfur were allowed to react with atoms of hydrogen, which of the molecules below would be formed?

H - S - H

Most of the dry weight of a plant is derived from

H2O and CO2

A mother goat can recognize its own kid by smell.

Imprinting

A human baby performs a sucking behavior perfectly when it is put in the presence of the nipple of its mother's breast.

Innate behavior

The correct sequence from the most to the least comprehensive of the taxonomic levels listed here is

Kingdom, phylum, class order, family, genus, and species

In 1976 there was a heavy drought on Daphne Major, causing the availability of small and soft seeds to decrease while the availability of hard and large seeds increased. Which of the following best explains the finch's new characteristic?

Larger-beaked finches were able to eat larger seeds more efficiently than the smaller-beaked finches, thus out-competing them for food and becoming a larger proportion of the population.

Reddish-purple coloring of leaves, especially along the margins of young leaves, is a typical symptom of deficiency of which element?

P

Which of the following would be considered a multiple fruit?

Pineapple

You discover a rare new bird species, but you are unable to observe its mating behavior. You see that the male is large and ornamental compared with the female. On the basis, you can probably conclude that the species is

Polygamous

Which of the following is the correct sequence from the growing tips of the root upward?

Root cap, apical meristem, zone of cell division, zone of elongation, zone of differentiation

Which of the following is the correct order of floral organs from the outside to the inside of a complete flower?

Sepals -> petals -> stamens -> carpels

Which of the following statements is true for the diagrams below?

The beet core in beaker A is at equilibrium with the surrounding water.

All of the following statements about the food web diagram above are correct EXCEPT:

The death of the snake would cause a collapse in the food web.

The equation can be balanced placing the following coefficients in the blanks. __CO2 + __H2O -> __H2CO3

The equation is balanced

Which of the following best represents a logical conclusion based on the data presented in this graph?

The population of the prey is greater than that of predator

According to natural selection theory,

Well-adapted individuals leave more offspring, and thus contribute more to the next generation's gene pool, than do poorly adapted

If atom "X" contains 14 protons, 13 electrons, and 12 neutrons, and atom "Y" contains 14 protons, 14 electrons, and 12 neutrons, then you conclude that:

X and Y are atoms of the same element

Which of the following drawings best represents a water molecule?

a

What is the structure shown in the picture on the right?

a cholesterol (steroid)

Which of the following is more susceptible to damage from some sort of ecological disturbance?

a corn field

If you examine side A after three days, you should find

a decrease in the concentration of NaCl and a decrease in the water level

During mammalian labor and delivery, the contraction of uterine muscles is enhanced by oxytocin. This is an example of

a hormone that is involved in a positive feedback loop.

A species is defined as

a population of organisms that are able to interbreed

In flowering plants, pollen is released from the

anther

The nucleoid region of a prokaryotic cell

contains DNA

The Grant's studies of Darwin's finches provided evidence that beak size:

differences were the result of inherited changes in response to environmental selective pressures

Which protein is mismatched to its function?

enzymes - transport oxygen

The process illustrated in the picture on the right is called:

hydrolysis

The temperature regulating center of vertebrae animals is located in the

hypothalamus

Celery stalks that are immersed in fresh water for several hours become stiff and hard. Similar stalks left in a 0.15 M salt solution become limp and soft. From this we can deduce that the cells of the celery stalks are

hypotonic to fresh water but hypertonic to the salt solution

The increases in carbon dioxide levels can be attributed to

increase in the burning of fossil fuels

A cell whose cytoplasm has a concentration of 0.02 M glucose is placed in a test tube of water containing 0.02 M glucose. Assuming that glucose is not actively transported into the cell, which of the following terms describes the tonicity of the external solution relative to the cytoplasm of the cell?

isotonic

The more closely related two different organisms are, the

more recently they shared a common ancestor

Tissues are composed of cells, and tissues functioning together make up

organs

Which of the following processes includes all others?

passive transport

A student is asked to design an experiment aimed at determining whether or not the initiation of migratory behavior is largely under genetic control. Of the following options, the best way to proceed is to

perform within-population mating with birds from different populations that have different migratory habits and subsequently rear the offspring in the absence of their parents and observe offspring migratory behavior.

Upon returning to its hive, a European honeybee communicates to other worker bees the presence of a nearby food source it has discovered by

performing a round dance

The bilayer structure in the left figure represents a portion of a cell membrane and is composed of

phospholipids

All of the following are primarily functions of flowers except

photosynthesis

The molecule depicted in the above diagram is a

polynucleotide

According to the pH values in the above table, the solution which has as many hydrogen ions

pure water

The weakest acid listed in the above table is

rainwater

Density independent population controls include all of the following EXCEPT

resource competition

Which of the following is not considered to be one of the presumed functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

secretion of glycoproteins

The solutions in the arms of a U-tube are separated at the bottom of the tube by a selectively permeable membrane. The membrane is permeable to sodium chloride and water, but not to glucose. Side A is filled with a solution of 0.4 M glucose and 0.5 M sodium chloride (NaCl), and side B is filled with a solution containing 0.8 M glucose and 0.4 M sodium chloride. Initially, the volume in both arms is the same. At the beginning of the experiment,

side A is hypotonic to side B

In the territorial behavior of the stickleback fish, the red belly of one male that elicits attack from another male is functioning as a

sign stimulus

What kinds of molecules pass through a cell membrane most easily?

small and hydrophobic

The type of muscle tissue surrounding internal organs, other than the heart is

smooth muscle

Pores on the leaf surface that function in gas exchange are called

stomata