biology part 1 SUMMER KEEP!
Which of the following would probably not be affected when a protein is denatured? A)primary structure B)secondary structure C)tertiary structure D)quaternary structure E)the folded shape of the protein
E)the folded shape of the protein
Where do the vesicles that are being made for secretion from the cell become modified and packaged? smooth ER rough ER Golgi apparatus ribosomes plasma membrane
Golgi apparatus
When you eat a salad, which one of the following components will pass through the body with the least digestion? dressing croutons lettuce egg bacon bits
lettuce
Which functional group acts as an acid when placed in solution? -OH -NH2 -SH -COOH -PO4
-COOH
Which functional group acts as a base when placed in solution? -OH -NH2 -SH -COOH -PO4
-NH2
What functional group makes a carbohydrate polar? A)-OH B)-NH2 C)-SH D)-R E)-C-H
A)-OH
Considering the ATP cycle, which of the following would have the most potential energy to perform work for cell activities? ATP ADP adenosine AMP H+ ions
ATP
Identify which of the following statements is not true. ATP is formed when energy is released during cell respiration. When ATP becomes ADP + P, the amount of energy released is enough for a biological purpose. ATP is comprised of a sugar, base, and two phosphate groups. ATP contains the energy form used for cellular work. ADP is low in potential energy.
ATP is comprised of a sugar, base, and two phosphate groups.
Which functional group acts as a base when placed in solution? A)-OH B)-NH2 C)-SH D)-COOH E)-PO4
B)-NH2
Most animals are unable to break apart the bonds that hold cellulose together. How do grazing animals then gain their nutrition from eating primarily grasses? Bacteria that are capable of breaking cellulose into glucose live in their digestive tracts. They use photosynthesis as an alternative method of making needed glucose. They consume large amounts of grain to capture the energy they need. They use cellulose directly for energy. They convert the grain to protein.
Bacteria that are capable of breaking cellulose into glucose live in their digestive tracts
Which of the following is an example of osmosis? Glucose is transported from our blood stream across cell membranes and into the cytoplasm. Sodium is pumped across a cell to increase its concentration on one side of the cell membrane. Cells of our kidneys reabsorb water to prevent it from all leaving through our urine. A broken bottle of perfume is able to be smelled throughout the department store. A bacterium in the blood stream is engulfed by a white blood cell.
Cells of our kidneys reabsorb water to prevent it from all leaving through our urine
How does DNA differ from RNA? DNA is in plants, RNA is found in animals. DNA is comprised of a double strand, RNA is a single strand. DNA is made from amino acids and RNA is made from nucleotides. DNA is used by all living things, RNA is used only in plants. DNA is seen in animals, while RNA is seen in all living things.
DNA is comprised of a double strand, RNA is a single strand.
Intestinal cells absorb glucose via active transport. What would happen if all the mitochondria within these intestinal cells were destroyed? Glucose absorption would increase. Glucose absorption would decrease. Glucose absorption would stop. Glucose absorption would not be affected. Glucose absorption would be slow at first and then increase.
Glucose absorption would be slow at first and then increase.
Which functional group is seen in amino acids? PO4 -OH -NH2 -C=OH -C-H
NH2
Which functional group is found in proteins and makes their three-dimensional structure more stable? -OH -NH2 -SH -COOH -PO4
SH
Which of the following is NOT an example of osmosis? Salting meat serves as a preservative. Vegetables placed in fresh water firm up. Sugar in coffee dissolves. Strawberries placed in sugar become syrupy. Eating salty popcorn makes people\'s lips dry.
Sugar in coffee dissolves.
ATP releases energy when ________. a ribose is added adenine is removed a phosphate is removed deoxyribose is added sunlight strikes it
a phosphate is removed
Mitochondria & chloroplasts are similar in that they both ________; but are different in that mitochondria, but not chloroplasts, ______________. 2-14-2013 are involved in energy conversions; are found in nearly all eukaryotic cells are found in bacteria; are used to capture radiant energy and convert it into chemical energy are organelles involved in the production of proteins; are found in animal cells produce glucose needed for cellular processes; are found in plant cells are responsible for cell movements; help to produce the microtubules seen in cilia
are involved in energy conversions; are found in nearly all eukaryotic cells
The only molecules that can pass freely through the plasma membrane are ones that are positively charged. are small and hydrophobic. are ones that are polar. are small and polar. are small and negatively charged.
are small and hydrophobic.
Which of the following is NOT associated with proteins? made up of amino acids bonded together denaturation destroys their shape and function are used to produce DNA are found in skin, nails and claws used to produce many types of hormones
are used to produce DNA
A molecule is said to be organic if it contains ________. double bonds hydrogen bonds carbon and hydrogen atoms carbon and oxygen atoms two or more atoms
carbon and hydrogen atoms
Which one of the following molecules is able to move across the cell membrane by simple diffusion? DNA hemoglobin carbon dioxide glucose starch
carbon dioxide
Which of the following human cells would contain cilia? red blood cell sperm cell from the trachea (windpipe) neuron bone cell
cell from the trachea (windpipe)
Surface to volume ratio is an important characteristic for cell function; some cells increase their ratio by developing finger-like projections. having multiple membranes surrounding them. growing extremely large to increase their surface area. using amoeboid movement to spread out farther. using phagocytosis to pull the membrane inward.
developing finger-like projections.
Which of the following terms best describes entropy? order disorder potential energy kinetic energy energy conversions
disorder
Deoxyribose is a sugar found in ________. glucose enzymes DNA glycogen protein
dna
A prokaryotic cell has no DNA. does not have a membrane-bound nucleus. does not have ribosomes. does not have cytoplasm. is typically larger than a eukaryotic cell.
does not have a membrane-bound nucleus.
Without tight junctions in certain tissues cells would not be able to communicate with each other. fluids may leak out past the barrier the junction would create. the tissues would not be able to expand and stretch without damage. nutrients would not be able to be passed from cell to cell. cells would not be able to migrate during their development.
fluids may leak out past the barrier the junction would create.
Energy of activation ________. is the energy required for molecules to react with each other requires the use of enzymes allows for feedback inhibition acts on the products of metabolic reactions is a measure of the amount of solar radiation striking a leaf surface
is the energy required for molecules to react with each other
When a cell is in a solution where the concentration of solute is the same in the cell as in the solution, the solution is called ________. isotonic hypertonic hypotonic osmotonic saturated
isotonic
What category of biological molecules are steroids included in? proteins lipids carbohydrates nucleic acids
lipids
The basic building block or subunit of many biological molecules is called a ________. quaternary structure polymer monomer isomer chain
monomer
Which of the following is in correct order from smallest to largest? protein - amino acid - polypeptide amino acid - polypeptide - peptide peptide - polypeptide - protein protein - glycerol - amino acid disaccharide - polysaccharide - monosaccharide
peptide - polypeptide - protein
What must materials pass through to enter or leave a cell? ribosome nucleus plasma membrane lysosome vacuole
plasma membrane
Which of the following is an INCORRECT match? ribosomes - protein synthesis Golgi apparatus - protein alteration and packaging mitochondria - production of cellular ATP lysosomes - cellular digestion smooth endoplasmic reticulum - storage of water
smooth endoplasmic reticulum - storage of water
The second law of thermodynamics states that all energy transformations result in more disordered energy. How does this relate to energy transformation in a living organism? the energy taken in as food is eventually converted into kinetic energy the energy taken in as food is eventually converted into heat energy the energy taken in as kinetic energy is eventually converted into heat energy the energy taken in as heat energy is eventually converted into kinetic energy no energy in a living organism can undergo more than one transformation
the energy taken in as food is eventually converted into heat energy
The shape of a protein is a critical factor in its function. True False
true
When starch is digested, an -OH group and an -H group from a water molecule is used in hydrolysis to split the monosaccharide subunits. True False
true
Digestion of sucrose, a disaccharide, results in ________. two monomers the release of functional groups three monosaccharides two glycerol units two nucleotides
two monomers
A fatty acid that has at least two double bonds is called _________. steroid cholesterol unsaturated abonded organic
unsaturated
Which nitrogen containing base is found in RNA but not in DNA? guanine thymine cytosine adenine uracil
uracil
What functional group makes a carbohydrate polar? -OH -NH2 -SH -R -C-H
-OH
A general eukaryotic cell is typically in the area of 0-1 millimeter. 1-10 nanometers. 1-10 micrometers. 10-100 micrometers. 10-100 millimeters.
10-100 micrometers.
A gene in DNA is the code for ________. A)a sequence of amino acids B)a sequence of glucose molecules C)a sequence of fatty acids used in a fat D)a sequence of sugars E)a sequence of functional groups
A)a sequence of amino acids
Atherosclerosis is associated with __________________. A)fats with no double bonds B)fats with double bonds C)phospholipids D)polyunsaturated fats E)long protein chains
A)fats with no double bonds
In the DNA, the monomer that serves as the subunit to creating this organic molecule category is called _________. A)nucleotide B)phosphate C)sugar D)base E)glucose
A)nucleotide
Amino acids are seen in ______ as _______ are needed to create DNA. A)protein; nucleotide B)fatty acid; hydroxides C)polysaccharide; carboxyl D)RNA; glucose E)fats; sugars
A)protein; nucleotide
Which functional group is found in proteins and makes their three-dimensional structure more stable? A)-OH B)-NH2 C)-SH D)-COOH E)-PO4
B)-NH2
Which of the following elements would be found in a carbohydrate? A)C, H B)C, H, O C)C, H, O, P D)C, H, O, N E)C, H, Cl, O
B)C, H, O
DNA and RNA differ in that A)DNA is single stranded, contains the sugar deoxyribose and the nitrogen containing base thymine while RNA is double stranded, contains sugar ribose and the nitrogen containing base uracil. B)DNA is double stranded, contains the sugar deoxyribose and the nitrogen containing base thymine while RNA is single stranded, contains sugar ribose and the nitrogen containing base uracil. C)DNA is single stranded, contains the sugar ribose and the nitrogen containing base thymine while RNA is single stranded, contains sugar deoxyribose and the nitrogen containing base uracil. D)DNA is single stranded, contains the sugar deoxyribose and the nitrogen containing base uracil while RNA is double stranded, contains sugar ribose and the nitrogen containing base thymine. E)DNA is double stranded, contains the sugar ribose and the nitrogen containing base thymine while RNA is single stranded, contains sugar deoxyribose and the nitrogen containing base uracil.
B)DNA is double stranded, contains the sugar deoxyribose and the nitrogen containing base thymine while RNA is single stranded, contains sugar ribose and the nitrogen containing base uracil.
Why are saturated triglycerides considered less healthy than unsaturated ones? A)They are solids at room temperature. B)They possess no double bonds between carbon atoms making them more tightly packed together. C)Individuals tend to consume more saturated fats than unsaturated fats. D)Unsaturated fats are found in processed foods more frequently. E)They are digested more quickly by the body.
B)They possess no double bonds between carbon atoms making them more tightly packed together.
Which of the following is NOT a dehydration synthesis reaction? A)amino acids forming proteins B)glycogen forming glucose molecules C)nucleotides forming DNA D)glucose units forming starch E)fatty acids & glycerol forming a fat
B)glycogen forming glucose molecules
What category of biological molecules are steroids included in? A)proteins B)lipids C)carbohydrates D)nucleic acids
B)lipids
Pickles are often preserved in a 20-30% salt solution called brine. How does this method prevent contamination by microorganisms? Bacteria can\'t survive in a hypertonic solution because they lose water. Bacteria can\'t survive in hypotonic solutions because of the added pressure of the water they take in. Bacteria cells are unable to digest the salt, thus killing the cells by starvation. The high salt concentration increases the pH of the environment, making it unfavorable for bacteria to live there. The high salt concentration creates an isotonic environment that the bacteria cannot live in.
Bacteria can\'t survive in a hypertonic solution because they lose water.
What statement below is correct when comparing plant & animal cells? Plant cells have a cell wall and animal cells have a plasma membrane. Plant cells have a plasma membrane and animal cells have a cell wall. Both plant and animal cells have a plasma membrane and plant cells also have a cell wall. Both plant and animal cells have a plasma membrane and a cell wall. Both plant and animal cells have a cell wall but only animal cells have a plasma membrane.
Both plant and animal cells have a plasma membrane and plant cells also have a cell wall.
Scientists created an enzyme which will break down any type of carbohydrate. If given to humans, they could use which of the following as a new food source? A)hemoglobin B)glycerol C)cellulose D)cholesterol E)RNA
C) CELLULOSE
Which functional group is seen in amino acids? A)PO4 B)-OH C)-NH2 D)-C=OH E)-C-H
C)-NH2
Deoxyribose is a sugar found in ________. A)glucose B)enzymes C)DNA D)glycogen E)protein
C)DNA
How are lipids different than other categories or biological molecules? A)They are not seen in all living things. B)They do not have carbon. C)They are much more complex. D)They are not actually polymers. E)They are not organic.
C)They are much more complex.
A nucleotide is made of which of the following chemical components? A)a nitrogen-containing base, an amino acid, and a five-carbon sugar B)a nitrogen-containing base, an amino acid, and a phosphate group C)a nitrogen-containing base, a phosphate group, and a sugar D)a nitrogen-containing base, a fatty acid, and an amino acid E)a long chain of glucose units
C)a nitrogen-containing base, a phosphate group, and a sugar
A molecule is said to be organic if it contains ________. A)double bonds B)hydrogen bonds C)carbon and hydrogen atoms D)carbon and oxygen atoms E)two or more atoms
C)carbon and hydrogen atoms
Humans store their polysaccharides in the form of ___________. A)lactose B)starch C)glycogen D)glucose E)cellulose
C)glycogen
Which of the following words does NOT belong with the others? A)fats B)steroids C)glycogen D)hospholipids E)lipids
C)glycogen
In addition to carbon an organic molecule must contain A)nitrogen B)oxygen C)hydrogen D)sulfur E)phosphorous
C)hydrogen
The basic building block or subunit of many biological molecules is called a ________. A)quaternary structure B)polymer C)monomer D)isomer E)chain
C)monomer
Which of the following is in correct order from smallest to largest? A)protein - amino acid - polypeptide B)amino acid - polypeptide - peptide C)peptide - polypeptide - protein D)protein - glycerol - amino acid E)disaccharide - polysaccharide - monosaccharide
C)peptide - polypeptide - protein
Glycogen is a ________ made of many __________. A)simple sugar; amino acids B)peptide; amino acids C)polymer; glucose molecules D)protein; fatty acids E)nucleic acid; nucleotides
C)polymer; glucose molecules
Select the INCORRECT association: A)carbohydrates ....used by the body for energy B)lipids....serve to insulate, protect, and store energy C)proteins....have 3 forms: monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides D)nucleic acids....include DNA and RNA which control our genetic inheritance E)carbohydrates....include examples such as glucose, sucrose and starch
C)proteins....have 3 forms: monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides
Which of the following levels of a protein are susceptible to denaturation? A)primary and secondary structures B)secondary and tertiary structures C)tertiary and quaternary structures D)primary and tertiary structures E)primary and quaternary structures
C)tertiary and quaternary structures
A fatty acid that has at least two double bonds is called _________. A)steroid B)cholesterol C)unsaturated D)abonded E)organic
C)unsaturated
Which of the following elements would be found in a carbohydrate? C, H C, H, O C, H, O, P C, H, O, N C, H, Cl, O
C, H, O
Which of the following is an organic molecule? NaOH HCl CO2 C6H12O6 H2O
C6H12O6
Which formula is a hydrocarbon? CO2 CH4 NaCl CaCl2 H2O
CH4
Which of the following would be able to pass freely through a plasma membrane? H2O C6H12O6 CO2 NaOH C10H13N5O4
CO2
Which of the following is not an organic molecule? CaCO3 C6H12O6 C256H381N65O79S6 C18H34O2 CH4
CaCO3
Which of the following statements reflects what occurs in the flow of energy conversions through living systems? Chloroplasts convert solar energy to the chemical energy of nutrient molecules. Mitochondria convert ATP molecules into glucose. Chloroplasts produce CO2 and H2O during photosynthesis. Mitochondria capture solar energy and convert it to oxygen. Chloroplasts burn glucose into ATP molecules during cell respiration.
Chloroplasts convert solar energy to the chemical energy of nutrient molecules.
_____ are bacterial structures involved in the passage of DNA into or out of the cell. Flagella Fimbriae Conjugation pili Cilia Capsule
Conjugation pili
DNA functions to ________________________ while RNA's function is to_____________________. A)Store the information to make a new organism; contain the information to make a new cell. B)Store information to produce gametes; contain the information to make a protein. C)Store information to produce proteins; contain the information to make a DNA. D)Store the information to make RNA; contain the information to make a protein. E)Store information to produce a new cell; contain the information to make a gamete.
D)Store the information to make RNA; contain the information to make a protein.
Which of the following would describe a polypeptide? A)fatty acids joined to glycerol by hydrolysis reactions B)glucose molecules joined by dehydration synthesis reactions C)nucleotides broken by hydrolysis reactions D)amino acids joined by dehydration synthesis reactions E)a repeated sequence of carbon and hydrogen atoms
D)amino acids joined by dehydration synthesis reactions
Which one of the following is a function of proteins? A)energy storage B)enzymatic activity C)genetic coding D)energy source E)insulation
D)energy source
The principle role for sugars in living things is A)to form cell membranes. B)to serve as a form of energy storage. C)to create our genetic code. D)for creating energy. E)to produce hormones.
D)for creating energy.
Select the INCORRECT association. A)glucose....monosaccharide B)cellulose....building block for cell walls in plants C)sucrose....table sugar D)fructose....a polysaccharide E)Starch....a long chain of glucose
D)fructose....a polysaccharide
If a material mixes readily with water it is identified as _________. A)dehydrated B)hydrophobic C)saturated D)hydrophilic E)salty
D)hydrophilic
What does a peptide bond do? A)joins a sodium atom to a chloride atom B)helps hold one water molecule to an adjacent one C)links oxygen to hydrogen atoms D)joins an amino acid to an adjacent amino acid E)joins nucleotide bases to one another
D)joins an amino acid to an adjacent amino acid
ATP is a molecule used for energy transport inside the cell the components of it are a nitrogen containing base, a pentose sugar and three phosphate groups. Given this structure it is a(n) A)amino acid. B)carbohydrate. C)lipid. D)nucleic acid. E)protein.
D)nucleic acid
Plants store their sugar in the form of __________. A)protein B)glycogen C)cellulose D)starch E)glucose
D)starch
The term "functional" is used in the phrase "functional group" because it describes a group of atoms A)that are organic. B)that make the entire molecule hydrophobic. C)that prevent interaction with other molecules. D)that react a certain way with other molecules. E)that make the entire molecule hydrophilic.
D)that react a certain way with other molecules.
The "primary structure" of a protein refers to A)the interactions among two or more polypeptides. B)the alpha helix or pleated sheets. C)the side groups of the amino acids. D)the number and sequence of amino acids. E)the DNA nucleotide sequence that coded for it.
D)the number and sequence of amino acids.
DNA and RNA differ in that DNA is single stranded, contains the sugar deoxyribose and the nitrogen containing base thymine while RNA is double stranded, contains sugar ribose and the nitrogen containing base uracil. DNA is double stranded, contains the sugar deoxyribose and the nitrogen containing base thymine while RNA is single stranded, contains sugar ribose and the nitrogen containing base uracil. DNA is single stranded, contains the sugar ribose and the nitrogen containing base thymine while RNA is single stranded, contains sugar deoxyribose and the nitrogen containing base uracil. DNA is single stranded, contains the sugar deoxyribose and the nitrogen containing base uracil while RNA is double stranded, contains sugar ribose and the nitrogen containing base thymine. DNA is double stranded, contains the sugar ribose and the nitrogen containing base thymine while RNA is single stranded, contains sugar deoxyribose and the nitrogen containing base uracil.
DNA is double stranded, contains the sugar deoxyribose and the nitrogen containing base thymine while RNA is single stranded, contains sugar ribose and the nitrogen containing base uracil.
Why do metabolic pathways require tens to hundreds of different enzymes? The enzymes are used up after one reaction and the molecules have to undergo multiple rearrangements. The enzyme is deformed by the interaction with the substrate and needs a period of time to return to its original reactive form so many enzymes are needed to keep the pathway going. Each enzyme has a specific substrate and produces a specific product. Multiple enzymes are not required for the pathway but having them speed up the production of the final product. The enzymes are attached to a membrane and cannot move to the location of the new intermediate so having a long line of enzymes to carry out the reaction allows the reaction to occur faster.
Each enzyme has a specific substrate and produces a specific product.
When a car burns gasoline, much of the energy is in the form of heat as the car is driven. Which of the following best describes this in relation to the 1st law of thermodynamics? Energy is conserved. Energy can be changed from one form to another. Energy is often destroyed. All energy comes from the sun. Energy is always used up in reactions.
Energy can be changed from one form to another.
When a person orders a hamburger with lettuce, tomato, and mayonnaise on it, which of the following would be a FALSE statement about the nutritional intake? Amino acids can be obtained from the hamburger patty. Glycogen will be obtained from the bun. Fat will be consumed from the mayonnaise. Cellulose will be consumed from the lettuce. Carbohydrates will be obtained from the tomato
Glycogen will be obtained from the bun.
Which of the following organelles would form a membrane bound package also known as a vesicle? Golgi apparatus lysosomes mitochondria ribosomes chloroplasts
Golgi apparatus
Which of the following is an organic molecule? CO2 H2CO3 Na2CO3 MnCO3 CaCO3
H2CO3
Which of the following statements describes the function of a chloroplast? It converts light energy into chemical energy. It aids in intracellular digestion. It manufactures proteins. It converts chemical energy into heat energy. It stores water.
It converts light energy into chemical energy.
Both starch and cellulose are made by stringing together many glucose molecules, but starch is easily digested by humans while cellulose is indigestible. The starch polysaccharide has every bond occurring below the sugar rings while the bonds in cellulose alternate between one bond above the ring and the next below the ring. How can you explain the human's inability to digest cellulose? The enzyme that breaks down starch can only fit the specific bond configuration of bonds below the ring. Humans do not eat cellulose. The acidic molecules found in stomach acid cannot act on the bonds that are above the sugar rings in cellulose. The alternating bonds make the cellulose molecule too large and bulk to enter cells for digestion. Cellular respiration is only capable of breaking down specific bonds.
The enzyme that breaks down starch can only fit the specific bond configuration of bonds below the ring.
Which of the following is best associated with a coupled reaction? ATP consumes energy from another metabolic reaction. ADP often transfers a phosphate to the reactant. The metabolic reaction requires energy from ATP. ATP gains a phosphate group. ADP is used up in the metabolic reaction.
The metabolic reaction requires energy from ATP.
What is the biological risk of using salt on icy roads in parts of the country that have a cold winter season? The salt has the risk of leeching into the ground and creating a hypertonic environment for plant cells. Plant root cells will grow in excess to try to reach fresh water. Plant cells will take on excess water from the melted ice and become turgid. Salt is in limited supply in the ecosystem and this type of overuse will make it even more so. The deer in these areas have the danger of consuming too much of it as they forage for food.
The salt has the risk of leeching into the ground and creating a hypertonic environment for plant cells
When a potted house plant is wilting, the addition of water quickly changes the look of the plant. This can be accounted for by which of the following statements: The water creates a hypertonic environment causing the cells to lose water. The water creates a hypotonic environment causing cells to lose water. The water creates a hypertonic environment causing the cells to gain water. The water creates a hypotonic environment causing the cells to gain water. The water creates an isotonic environment that allows for the cells to neither gain nor lose water.
The water creates a hypertonic environment causing the cells to gain water.
Of the following, which is a feature that proteins and polysaccharides share? They are made of repeated monomer units. They are both made from fatty acids. They both contain glucose. They are both long chains of repeated nucleotide units. They both contain nitrogen.
They are made of repeated monomer units.
Of the following, which is a feature that proteins and polysaccharides share? They are made of repeated monomer units. They are both made from fatty acids. They both contain glucose. They are both long chains of repeated nucleotide units. They both contain nitrogen.
They are made of repeated monomer units.
How are lipids different than other categories or biological molecules? They are not seen in all living things. They do not have carbon. They are much more complex. They are not actually polymers. They are not organic.
They are not actually polymers.
In which way are vesicles different from vacuoles? They are not made from membranes. They are smaller. They can be specialized. They are most often involved in storage. They are primarily found in plant cells.
They are smaller.
Why are saturated triglycerides considered less healthy than unsaturated ones? They are solids at room temperature. They possess no double bonds between carbon atoms making them more tightly packed together. Individuals tend to consume more saturated fats than unsaturated fats. Unsaturated fats are found in processed foods more frequently. They are digested more quickly by the body.
They possess no double bonds between carbon atoms making them more tightly packed together.
cell being observed under a microscope is seen to possess a cell wall, plasma membrane, ribosomes and chromosome material that are not found in a nucleus. Based on this, it could be a cell from a cactus. a cell from a mushroom. a cell from a bacterium. a cell from a fish. a cell from a paramecium.
a cell from a bacterium.
As a molecule moves through the plasma membrane it passes through a hydrophobic layer of phospholipid heads then a hydrophilic layer of phospholipid tails and then another hydrophobic layer of phospholipid heads. a hydrophobic layer of phospholipid tails then a hydrophilic layer of phospholipid heads and then another hydrophobic layer of phospholipid tails. a hydrophilic layer of phospholipid heads then a hydrophobic layer of phospholipid tails. a hydrophilic layer of phospholipid heads then a hydrophobic layer of phospholipid tails and then another hydrophilic layer of phospholipid heads. a hydrophobic layer of phospholipid tails and then a hydrophilic layer of phospholipid heads.
a hydrophilic layer of phospholipid heads then a hydrophobic layer of phospholipid tails and then another hydrophilic layer of phospholipid heads.
A nucleotide is made of which of the following chemical components? a nitrogen-containing base, an amino acid, and a five-carbon sugar a nitrogen-containing base, an amino acid, and a phosphate group a nitrogen-containing base, a phosphate group, and a sugar a nitrogen-containing base, a fatty acid, and an amino acid a long chain of glucose units
a nitrogen-containing base, a phosphate group, and a sugar
A starch molecule is to glucose as a protein is to a polypeptide. DNA is to an amino acid. a lipid is to nucleic acid. a protein is to an amino acid. fatty acid is to a fat.
a protein is to an amino acid.
A gene in DNA is the code for ________. a sequence of amino acids a sequence of glucose molecules a sequence of fatty acids used in a fat a sequence of sugars a sequence of functional groups
a sequence of amino acids
The part of the enzyme into which the substrate fits is called the ________. feedback site active site substrate location inhibitor solute
active site
Which of these words does not belong with the rest as it relates to concentration gradient? osmosis diffusion passive transport active transport facilitated diffusion
active transport
Which of the following is NOT a function of the endomembrane system? prepares molecules for export from the cell provides a place for produced cellular materials to be refined manufactures molecules acts as the control center of the cell assists in moving materials from one part of the cell to another
acts as the control center of the cell
In which of the following is the correct monomer matched with its polymer? fatty acid - DNA monosaccharide - lipid glycerol - carbohydrate amino acid - protein nucleotide - carbohydrate
amino acid - protein
Which of the following would describe a polypeptide? fatty acids joined to glycerol by hydrolysis reactions glucose molecules joined by dehydration synthesis reactions nucleotides broken by hydrolysis reactions amino acids joined by dehydration synthesis reactions a repeated sequence of carbon and hydrogen atoms
amino acids joined by dehydration synthesis reactions
Which is an example of potential rather than kinetic energy? an apple made up of energy-rich macromolecules a firefly using light flashes to attract a mate a skier at the bottom of a hill a pile of leaves that have been burnt a candle giving off light
an apple made up of energy-rich macromolecules
Some proteins within a cell can be viewed with ________. the human eye an electron microscope a light microscope a magnifying glass a dissecting microscope
an electron microscope
Enzymes are named based on the substrate that they bind; this is possible because enzymes all have the same shape. an enzyme binds one specific substrate. enzymes are used up in the reaction. an enzyme is only associated with one metabolic pathway. enzymes speed up the rate of a reaction.
an enzyme binds one specific substrate.
Without receptor proteins, a cell would not be able to transport water into the cytoplasm. bind to signal proteins from other parts of the body. allow the passage of H+ ions into the cell. perform metabolic reactions. divide.
bind to signal proteins from other parts of the body.
Mitochondria are found in plant cells. animal cells only. both plant cells and animal cells. neither plant or animal cells. animal cells and bacterial cells only.
both plant cells and animal cells.
Osmosis includes ________. a semi-permeable membrane transport proteins the diffusion of water both the diffusion of water and a semi-permeable membrane both a semi-permeable membrane and transport proteins
both the diffusion of water and a semi-permeable membrane
Which one of the following is NOT a potential danger of anabolic steroids? can result in liver problems can enhance the body\'s production of normal sex hormones can cause mood swings and depression can reduce sex drive can result in heart problems
can enhance the body\'s production of normal sex hormones
The four main categories of organic macromolecules are monosaccharides, disaccharides, trisaccharides, and polysaccharides. proteins, DNA, waxes, and sugars. carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. RNA, DNA, steroids, and fats. lipids, starches, DNA, and protein.
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
What prevents a plant cell from bursting in a hypotonic solution? plasma membrane transport proteins which help pump the excess water out of the cell cell wall a plant cell will not burst in a hypotonic solution because water is moving out of the cell the presence of chloroplasts
cell wall
Scientists created an enzyme which will break down any type of carbohydrate. If given to humans, they could use which of the following as a new food source? hemoglobin glycerol cellulose cholesterol RNA
cellulose
The main structural component of a plant cell wall is cytoskeleton. cellulose. extracellular matrix. plasmodesmata. middle lamella.
cellulose
Which of the following is not a type of intracellular protein? actin filaments myosin cellulose microtubules keratin
cellulose
Wood and cotton cloth are composed of ________. chitin cellulose glycogen cholesterol lipid
cellulose
What function does the nucleolus have? houses the chromatin prepares products for export from the cell contains enzymes for intracellular digestion contains the majority of cellular DNA codes for the synthesis of ribosomal RNA
codes for the synthesis of ribosomal RNA
Probable factors that affect the passage of materials across cell membranes include all of the following except ____________. concentration size color time charge
color
Chromosomes are _____________. condensed vesicles expanded ribosomes expanded polysaccharides condensed chromatin cell recognition proteins
condensed chromatin
Plant cells have plasmodesmata that function in photosynthesis. are the cites of starch production. resemble the cytoskeleton of animal cells. take the place of the plasma membrane that would be found in animals. connect the cytoplasm of one cell with that of another.
connect the cytoplasm of one cell with that of another.
Chloroplasts and mitochondria are similar in that they both contain DNA. are involved in protein production for the cell. are involved in cellular waste processing. are membranous sacs involved in storage. are involved in helping to maintain cell shape.
contain DNA.
All cells have some characteristics in common; both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have cytoplasm, a plasma membrane and DNA. a cell membrane and cytoplasm. a nucleus and a cell membrane. cytoplasm, a plasma membrane and a nucleus. DNA and a cell membrane.
cytoplasm, a plasma membrane and DNA.
A fat is formed when three fatty acids join a glycerol by a ________. hydrolysis reaction dehydration reaction polymeric reaction digestive reaction evaporation reaction
dehydration reaction
A fat is formed when three fatty acids join a glycerol by a ________. hydrolysis reaction dehydration reaction polymeric reaction digestive reaction evaporation reaction
dehydration reaction
Simple diffusion across a plasma membrane is called passive transport because it ________. requires transport proteins requires energy from the cell does not require energy from the cell does not require control by the nucleus moves molecules from low to high concentration
does not require energy from the cell
Kelly would like to observe the cilia on the surface of a live paramecium: a singular cell organism. The best device to do this would be a ___________. light microscope electron microscope magnifying glass unaided eye dissecting microscope
electron microscope
Which one of the following is a function of proteins? energy storage enzymatic activity genetic coding energy source insulation
enzymatic activity
Metabolic pathways are known for all of the following except the use of energy in small amounts. linking between pathways. controlled formation of products. feedback inhibition. enzymes to help raise the energy of activation.
enzymes to help raise the energy of activation.
When neurons release their neurotransmitters, they release them by secretory vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane thereby emptying their contents into an area that can stimulate some response. What type of cellular transport is occurring as the vesicle forms and then surfaces on the cell\'s plasma membrane? active transport diffusion exocytosis pinocytosis osmosis
exocytosis
Plant cells have walls but do not have plasma membranes. True False
false
The nuclear membrane differs from the plasma membrane in that the nuclear membrane is a single layer of phospholipids. True False
false
Atherosclerosis is associated with __________________. fats with no double bonds fats with double bonds phospholipids polyunsaturated fats long protein chains
fats with no double bonds
What process typically regulates the enzymes involved in metabolic reactions? substrate inhibition entropy capture ATP blockage feedback inhibition temperature levels
feedback inhibition
Which of the following is not a mechanism used to move materials in and out of the cell? osmosis facilitated diffusion active transport feedback inhibition phagocytosis
feedback inhibition
Disease-causing bacteria often attach to cells they attack. The bacterial structures used to aid that attachment are ________. flagella fimbriae sex pili cilia capsule
fimbriae
The principle role for sugars in living things is to form cell membranes. to serve as a form of energy storage. to create our genetic code. for creating energy. to produce hormones.
for creating energy.
Which of the following is an incorrect match of molecule to the location where it is principally used? DNA - nucleus mRNA - nucleus & cytoplasm rRNA - cytoplasm glucose - lysosome proteins - ribosome
glucose - lysosome
Humans store their polysaccharides in the form of ___________. lactose starch glycogen glucose cellulose
glycogen
Which of the following words does NOT belong with the others? fats steroids glycogen phospholipids lipids
glycogen
Which of the following is NOT a dehydration synthesis reaction? amino acids forming proteins glycogen forming glucose molecules nucleotides forming DNA glucose units forming starch fatty acids & glycerol forming a fat
glycogen forming glucose molecules
Which of the following is NOT a dehydration synthesis reaction? amino acids forming proteins glycogen forming glucose molecules nucleotides forming DNA glucose units forming starch fatty acids & glycerol forming a fat
glycogen forming glucose molecules
In addition to carbon an organic molecule must contain nitrogen oxygen hydrogen sulfur phosphorous
hydrogen
A patient who is admitted to the hospital shares that she has been taking a series of \"water pills\" to help her lose weight. Her skin and mucous membranes are dry, and she is complaining of a headache. The physician on call asks for an IV treatment to be promptly administered. Based on the information given, what would likely be the type of IV solution given to this patient? hypotonic isotonic osmotic hypertonic saturated
hypotonic
Simple diffusion of molecules occurs ________. from an area of lesser concentration to an area of greater concentration in non-living systems as well as living systems across plasma membranes only through transport proteins until those molecules are more highly concentrated on one side of the plasma membrane only in molecules that are in gaseous state
in non-living systems as well as living systems
The changing of an enzyme's shape as the substrate binds to the active site is called the substrate binding theory. induced fit model. metabolic pathway. energy of activation. enzyme binding theory.
induced fit model.
ATP is a good source of energy for a cell because it is able to be used in only one type of reaction. its breakdown is coupled with energy-requiring reactions. it provides excess energy for cellular reactions. it is not reusable. it takes no energy to make it.
its breakdown is coupled with energy-requiring reactions.
What does a peptide bond do? joins a sodium atom to a chloride atom helps hold one water molecule to an adjacent one links oxygen to hydrogen atoms joins an amino acid to an adjacent amino acid joins nucleotide bases to one another
joins an amino acid to an adjacent amino acid
Enzymes are able to speed up the rate of a reaction by carrying substrates closer together. binding substrates to a membrane. producing more enzymes. lowering the energy needed for the reaction to proceed. producing more substrate.
lowering the energy needed for the reaction to proceed.
Which of the following organelles is NOT involved in producing substances needed by a cell? smooth endoplasmic reticulum lysosome ribosome rough endoplasmic reticulum DNA
lysosome
A tadpole that is undergoing metamophosis into a frog and losing the need for a tail would see abundant numbers of what organelle to help assist in the tail loss. smooth endoplasmic reticulum vacuoles centrioles microtubles lysosomes
lysosomes
In bacterial cells and plant cells, cell walls function in moving organelles throughout the cell. maintaining cell shape. producing the cytoskeleton. containing DNA. modifying lipids and proteins.
maintaining cell shape.
What organelle is required for producing ATP for cellular work? nucleus vacuole mitochondria Golgi apparatus chloroplast
mitochondria
Which of the following organelles would be abundant in a sperm cell that is seeking to fertilize an egg cell? mitochondria lysosomes smooth endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus ribosomes
mitochondria
Which of the following is a CORRECT matching of an organelle and its function? Golgi apparatus - protein synthesis mitochondrion - cell respiration lysosome - transport vacuole - control center endoplasmic reticulum - houses DNA
mitochondrion - cell respiration
In a dehydration reaction, ________. In order for this to occur water is ________. monomers are joined to become a polymer; removed polymers are broken up to form monomers; added monomers are broken up to form polymers; added polymers are joined to form monomers; removed polymers are broken up to form monomers; removed
monomers are joined to become a polymer; removed
Without a centrosome, cells would not be able to move organelles around the cytoplasm. manufacture actin filaments. manufacture proteins. produce ATP. break down carbohydrate.
move organelles around the cytoplasm.
Which of the following correctly lists the parts of a nucleotide of RNA? nitrogen-containing base, deoxyribose, phosphate sulfur-containing base, ribose, phosphate nitrogen-containing base, ribose, phosphate nitrogen-containing base, ribose, sulfur amino acid, glycerol, nitrogen-containing base
nitrogen-containing base, ribose, phosphate
There is an antibiotic called streptomycin that doctors prescribe for infection. The antibiotic combines with the bacteria\'s ribosomes causing them to lose their function. Consequently the cell dies and so the person gets better! In other words, the antibiotic destroys bacteria by stopping photosynthesis. preventing them from packaging materials. stopping the production of ATP energy. not allowing them to produce proteins. stops them from being able to move.
not allowing them to produce proteins
ATP is a molecule used for energy transport inside the cell the components of it are a nitrogen containing base, a pentose sugar and three phosphate groups. Given this structure it is a(n) amino acid. carbohydrate. lipid. nucleic acid. protein.
nucleic acid.
Which of the following structures would NOT be seen in a prokaryotic cell? cell membrane nucleus ribosomes flagella chromosomes
nucleus
The nucleus is a double membrane that encloses the DNA. Inside the nucleus the DNA acts as the template to produce mRNA and ribosomes; to exit the nucleus these molecules must diffuse through the double membrane into the cytoplasm. pass through carrier proteins which use ATP to transport the molecules. attach to carrier molecules that carry them through the membrane. pass through pores that span both membranes. be transported across the two membranes by means of vesicles.
pass through pores that span both membranes.
Since the plasma membrane blocks the passage of all but a few molecules with specific traits it is necessary for other molecules to pass through the membrane via pores made of carbohydrates. be broken down into their constituent atoms to move through the membrane. be converted into other types of molecules so that they meet the specific traits necessary. pass through the membrane via nucleic acids. pass through the membrane via proteins.
pass through the membrane via proteins.
Which of the types of cellular activities listed below would not use ATP? active transport muscular contraction flagella movement passive transport protein synthesis
passive transport
A white blood cell surrounds and engulfs a worn-out red blood cell, forming a vesicle around the red blood cell. This process is called ________. active transport phagocytosis exocytosis pinocytosis facilitated diffusion
phagocytosis
The concentration of calcium in a cell is 3%. The concentration of calcium in the surrounding fluid is 1%. How could the cell obtain more calcium? passive transport diffusion active transport osmosis pinocytosis
pinocytosis
Identify the organelle - function pairing that is INCORRECT. flagella - long, tail like structure used in motility of some cells ribosomes - capable of producing proteins for the cell plasma membrane - provides strength to plant cell walls lysosomes - contain digestive enzymes that can digest molecules or cellular components nucleus - houses the DNA used for controlling all cell function
plasma membrane - provides strength to plant cell walls
The opposite of a turgid plant cell is a ________. hypertonic plant cell osmotic plant cell isotonic plant cell plasmolyzed plant cell ruptured plant cell
plasmolyzed plant cell
Glycogen is a ________ made of many __________. simple sugar; amino acids peptide; amino acids polymer; glucose molecules protein; fatty acids nucleic acid; nucleotides
polymer; glucose molecules
Which of the following would probably not be affected when a protein is denatured? primary structure secondary structure tertiary structure quaternary structure the folded shape of the protein
primary structure
Both plants & animals need mitochondria to produce glucose. produce ATP. produce lipids. breakdown protein. manufacture phospholipid
produce ATP.
Which of the following is NOT a possible function of the extracellular matrix in animal cells? enables cells to migrate along intracellular fibers permit communication between the extracellular matrix and the cells creates a variety of consistencies for cells to live in from flexible cartilage to solid bone helps cells have flexibility produce numerous channels for continuous flow of water from cells to cells.
produce numerous channels for continuous flow of water from cells to cells.
Testosterone is a lipid-based hormone; insulin is a ______-based hormone. saccharide protein steroid carbohydrate nucleic acid
protein
Amino acids are seen in ______ as _______ are needed to create DNA. protein; nucleotide fatty acid; hydroxides polysaccharide; carboxyl RNA; glucose fats; sugars
protein; nucleotide
Select the INCORRECT association: carbohydrates ....used by the body for energy lipids....serve to insulate, protect, and store energy proteins....have 3 forms: monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides nucleic acids....include DNA and RNA which control our genetic inheritance carbohydrates....include examples such as glucose, sucrose and starch
proteins....have 3 forms: monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides
Which of the following enables a cell to pick up and concentrate a specific type of molecule? passive transport receptor-mediated endocytosis osmosis exocytosis facilitated diffusion
receptor-mediated endocytosis
Which of the following organelles is not surrounded by a membrane? nucleus chloroplast mitochondrion lysosomes ribosomes
ribosomes
Which of the following is the correct sequence for an altered protein that is secreted from the cell? rough endoplasmic reticulum - Golgi apparatus - plasma membrane Golgi apparatus - ribosome - plasma membrane nucleus - smooth endoplasmic reticulum - Golgi apparatus Golgi apparatus - smooth endoplasmic reticulum - plasma membrane smooth endoplasmic reticulum - plasma membrane - Golgi apparatus - ribosome
rough endoplasmic reticulum - Golgi apparatus - plasma membrane
Eukaryotic cells have DNA enclosed in a double membrane called the nucleus. The nucleus functions to separate the DNA from other activities that occur in the cytoplasm. prevent the DNA from influencing the activities in the cytoplasm. prevent materials associated with the DNA from coming into contact with the cell's cytoplasm. separate the DNA and mRNA from the cytoplasm. separate the DNA from the RNA.
separate the DNA from other activities that occur in the cytoplasm.
Which of the following shows the flow of energy at the cellular level through the biosphere? solar energy - mitochondria - chloroplast chloroplast - solar energy - mitochondria solar energy - chloroplast - mitochondria mitochondria - solar energy - chloroplast chloroplast - mitochondria - solar energy
solar energy - chloroplast - mitochondria
The second law of thermodynamics states that all energy transformations result in more disordered energy. How can photosynthesis take more disordered carbon dioxide and water and convert them into glucose which is more ordered? living things do not obey the laws of thermodynamics this is an illusion, it only appears that glucose is more ordered photosynthesis is an exception to the second law of thermodynamics solar energy is being added to the reaction to create glucose plants are able to harness entropy and use it to carry out photosynthesis
solar energy is being added to the reaction to create glucose
Plants store their sugar in the form of __________. protein glycogen cellulose starch glucose
starch
Which word does NOT belong with the others? muscle antibodies sucrose enzymes hair
sucrose
Cell size is limited because _____________ is critical to a cell\'s function. the number of microvilli the size of the nucleus cilia movement surface area to volume ratio ability to photosynthesize
surface area to volume ratio
The term \"functional\" is used in the phrase \"functional group\" because it describes a group of atoms that are organic. that make the entire molecule hydrophobic. that prevent interaction with other molecules. that react a certain way with other molecules. that make the entire molecule hydrophilic.
that react a certain way with other molecules
Resolving power is the ability to tell two points apart as separate points. the ability to make an object larger. the focusing mechanism used to bring objects clearly into view. the optimum power to most clearly view the entire specimen. the depth of the specimen clearly in focus.
the ability to tell two points apart as separate points.
If blood cells are placed in a hypertonic solution, the cells will shrink due to water loss by the cell. the cells will be unaffected since they have a cell membrane to separate them from the solution. the cells will swell due to diffusion. the cells will burst due to active transport. the cells will shrink due to the loss of solutes from the blood cell.
the cells will shrink due to water loss by the cell.
Eukaryotic cells move their organelles via the cytoskeleton. the endomembrane system. cilia. the plasma membrane. flagella.
the cytoskeleton.
Which of the following is not a type of potential energy? the energy in a glucose molecule the energy contained in an rock sitting at the top of a cliff the energy of a ball rolling down a hill the energy contained in a hamburger the energy of a diver standing on a diving board
the energy of a ball rolling down a hill
Once the substrate moves into the active site of the enzyme the enzyme breaks the substrate into three products. the two molecules fuse together to form the product. the enzyme alters in shape to more closely fit the substrate. the substrate alters shape to more closely fit the active site. the substrate and enzyme both alter shape to fit together.
the enzyme alters in shape to more closely fit the substrate.
The \"primary structure\" of a protein refers to the interactions among two or more polypeptides. the alpha helix or pleated sheets. the side groups of the amino acids. the number and sequence of amino acids. the DNA nucleotide sequence that coded for it.
the number and sequence of amino acids.
The second law of thermodynamics states that all energy transformations result in more disordered energy. How do living organisms, which depend on chemical potential converting to kinetic energy to fuel their function, continue to live? they must constantly take in chemical potential energy for fuel and excrete waste living things do not obey the laws of thermodynamics they must constantly take in chemical potential energy for fuel they excrete the disordered molecules and lose the disordered energy as heat they take the disordered molecules and heat energy and use them to create new fuel
they must constantly take in chemical potential energy for fuel and excrete waste
The glycoproteins found in the plasma membrane function in what capacity? to transport molecules across the membrane to allow one cell to recognize another of the same type or from the same body to attach to the exoskeleton on the interior of the cell and maintain the cell in a position relative to other cells to maintain the membrane's fluidity to catalyze reactions that are crucial to the cell's functioning
to allow one cell to recognize another of the same type or from the same body
Which of the following is not a function of junction proteins? to stitch cells together so that they do not move apart. to allow information to pass between adjacent cells. to stitch cells together so that they are bound into a functional organ. to permit cells to recognize one another. to allow cell-to-cell communication.
to permit cells to recognize one another.
Receptor proteins receive incoming nutrients and store them until they are needed by the cell. only function in very specific cell types that receive sensory information. transmit information from outside the cell so that the cell can respond to stimuli. are found embedded in the nuclear membrane so transmit information on how to make a protein from the DNA to the cell's cytoplasm. receive large molecules and transmit them through the membrane.
transmit information from outside the cell so that the cell can respond to stimuli.
In sickle cell disease, malformation of red blood cells is caused by only one mistake for one amino acid in the genetic code for hemoglobin. True False Select the INCORRECT association. glucose....monosaccharide cellulose....building block for cell walls in plants sucrose....table sugar fructose....a polysaccharide Starch....a long chain of glucose
true