Biology Retake Nucleic Acids Test

Given the sequence of DNA nucleotide bases TTAGCCTTG, give the complementary strand of mRNA produced during transcription.

AAUCGGAAC

Would the DNA model provided most likely be representative of a bacteria, human, or fungus?*

All DNA has the same structure, so the modeled DNA could be found in any living organism.

DNA in the nucleus carries the genetic code for making proteins in ribosomes. In the diagram, C is the process by which DNA code is used to manufacture proteins. What process is represented by C?

translation

Which type of RNA is NOT involved in the translation process shown in the image? (Long Black thing)

endoplasmic

The instructions for making proteins come originally from

DNA

A student is asked to create models of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. They will use materials to represent the cell membrane, cytoplasm, DNA, and other internal cell structures. Which structures will be modeled in BOTH cell types? Select ALL that apply.

DNA ribosome

Identify the correct sequence of molecules, as a gene goes from coded information in the nucleus, to the product the cell wants to make.

DNA -> messenger RNA -> transfer RNA -> protein

When comparing DNA and RNA, two nucleic acids, which statement is accurate about the function(s) of these molecules?

DNA and RNA both contain codes that contribute to protein production. DNA remains in the nucleus while RNA more directly contributes to protein synthesis.

What type of RNA acts like a delivery truck, delivers amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis, and then leaves empty again, to go collect another amino acid?

Transfer RNA

Translation and protein synthesis is occurring at the ribosome. If the tRNA anticodon being matched at the ribosome is AUG, what would be the matching mRNA codon?

UAC

A researcher has identified two molecules involved in transcription and translation, shown here. Select which investigation is most appropriate to identify the roles of these molecules in transcription?

an analysis of how molecule 2 acts a template to make molecule 1

A model of the cell cycle is shown here. A student wants to refine the model to include more details about the M phase. Modify the model by selecting the parts of the cell cycle that would be included in the M phase.

anaphase, metaphase, prophase

Intermolecular forces hold biomolecules together. They are also found between biomolecules. Which of these is a place you would expect to find a hydrogen bond in a biomolecule?

between adenine and thymine in DNA

Lipids are important to living things for all of the following reasons, EXCEPT that they are

chained together to make proteins.

The three amino acids, coded here [GGU, AUC, GCA], are assembled during translation. What are the three amino acids, in order of formation?

glycine, isoleucine, alanine

According to the salt concentrations, what type of osmotic solution was this cell placed in?

hypertonic

We see here a method of asexual reproduction, binary fission, in which one organism splits into two separate organisms. In other organisms, part of an individual separates and forms a second individual. This process occurs in many asteroid echinoderms through splitting of the central disk. This type of reproduction is analogous to growth in humans because relies on the process of

mitosis.

Using the Venn diagram provided, which of these statements could you add to "A"?

much larger polymer

The sequence of ________________ in a DNA molecule determines the protein that will be produced.

nucleotides

Central dogma includes the following: The DNA codes for the production of messenger RNA (mRNA) during transcription. In eukaryotic cells, the mRNA is processed and migrates from the _________ to the _________. Messenger RNA carries coded information to the __________, where this information is translated and used for protein synthesis. Fill in the blanks within the text.

nucleus, cytoplasm, ribosome

You and your lab partner place 2 g slices of liver into 3 test tubes containing water, vinegar, or baking soda. You add 15 ml of hydrogen peroxide to each and measure the amount of oxygen produced every 30 seconds for 3 minutes. Now that you have completed the experiment, you need to graph your results. You decide to make a triple line graph showing the rate of reaction (oxygen produced/30 sec.) for each of the three solutions. On your graph, where should you put the oxygen production?

on the y axis because it is the dependent variable

The diagram shows the process of meiosis. How many divisions are required to decrease chromosome numbers and produce gametes?

2

Place the components in order, from smallest to largest. A) Chromosome B) DNA Nucleotide C) Codon D) Gene

B-C-D-A

Plant and animal cells are both eukaryotic cells containing organelles and a nucleus containing DNA. However, plant and animal cells are different from one another due to their specialized functions. What do plants cells have that facilitate photosynthesis?

Chloroplast

A model of cell division is shown here. A student evaluates the model and makes the claim that the cell division increases genetic variation in the daughter cells. Which evidence from the model supports the student's claim?

Chromosomes exchange genetic material in step 3.

In humans, insulin is manufactured in the pancreas. Insulin is a peptide hormone that causes the body's cells to take up glucose. The blueprint for the polypeptide chain that is insulin is found in the __________ of specialized pancreatic cells.

DNA

In the drawing, the gene is located at a specific site on a(n) ______ strand.

DNA

Translation and protein synthesis are taking place at the ribosome. Where did the original instructions for this process originate?

DNA in nucleus

You are trying to explain to your classmate how DNA is used to make proteins. What should you include in your explanation? Select ALL that apply.

During translation, the genetic code in mRNA is read and used to put amino acids in place to make a protein. During transcription, DNA is used as a template to make a molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA) which then leaves the nucleus and goes to a ribosome in the cytoplasm. DNA contains all of the instructions an organism needs to live. DNA sequences must be converted into messages that can be used to produce proteins which do most of the work in our bodies.

Your lab partner is attempting to explain the model below in her lab report. She asks you to proofread her explanation. Examine each of the statements. What information is INCORRECT? Choose ALL that apply.

During translation, the genetic code in mRNA is read and used to put nucleotides in place to make a protein. DNA contains all of the instructions an organism needs to live. DNA must travel to the ribosome where its code is read to make proteins.

The model shows two types of proteins, channels and carriers, allowing the movement of molecules into the cell. As indicated by the model, what question is best asked about the role of the proteins in this type of transport?

How do proteins allow for facilitated diffusion of molecules into the cell?

How does the sexual life cycle of the human species introduce genetic variations? I. Random Fertilization II. Crossing over alleles III. Independent Assortment of Chromosomes

I, II, and III

DNA, in the nucleus carries the genetic code for making proteins in ribosomes. In the diagram, B, represents the proteins produced. DNA cannot leave the nucleus to carry the genetic information to the ribosome where proteins are produced. How does the genetic code get from the nucleus to the ribosome? What does A represent?

RNA

DNA and RNA are both nucleic acids made up of nucleotides. Which is NOT a difference between DNA and RNA?

RNA contains adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine.

_______________ produce proteins by following coded instructions that come from the nucleus of the cell.

Ribosomes

A student built a model of DNA to show its helical structure in an attempt to display their knowledge of the chemical properties of the 3D structure. In fact, the teacher asked the entire class to create similar models. However, the teacher asks the students to incorporate a biological explanation for how each DNA molecule uniquely codes for different traits. Which component should be incorporated in the student models in order to meet the teacher's expectation for illustrating DNA's ability to code for unique traits?

The DNA models should have unique nucleotide sequences.

A model of the activity of an enzyme and its effects on the substrate is shown here. Based on the actions shown in the model, which enzyme and role could be depicted in the image? Select ALL that apply.

The enzyme could be sucrase, which breaks sucrose down into fructose and glucose. The enzyme could be lactase, which breaks down lactose sugar into glucose and galactose. The enzyme could be catalase, which breaks down hydrogen peroxide into oxygen gas and water.

The DNA content for an organism is analyzed. The results showed that 21% of the nucleotides contained the nitrogenous base adenine. What else can be inferred based on this data? Select ALL that apply.

The percentage of cytosine is 29%. The percentage of thymine in the organism is also 21%.

DNA encodes the information necessary to produce the proteins needed by your body. While this is true for humans, is it the case for other organisms?DNA encodes the information necessary to produce the proteins needed by your body. While this is true for humans, is it the case for other organisms?

Yes, all organisms use DNA for the production of proteins.

What type of biomolecule will be produced at the end of the process shown in the illustration?

a protein

Translation of the DNA sequence AAGCTGGGA would result in

a sequence of three amino acids linked by peptide bonds.

A model of one stage of mitosis is shown here. Draw conclusions about what happens in the NEXT stage of mitosis by selecting all the answers that apply.

chromatids will separate chromatids will move to opposite poles

On a strand of the mRNA the bases are read in groups of three. What is the correct term for a group of three bases on the strand of mRNA?

codon

The model shows a portion of a DNA strand. What does the pentagon represent in the model?

deoxyribose

The Venn diagram compares and contrasts meiosis and mitosis. If you were to add to the Venn diagram, which description would not apply to meiosis?

diploid daughter cells

The stage of mitosis depicted in the image is (Where the two X's meet!)

prophase

Which statement below BEST summarizes the role of the DNA molecule in cells?

provides the instructions for making proteins

If the RNA molecule in a human has the nucleotide sequence of GUU, this would indicate that the amino acid valine would be needed to make the protein. How would this change if this process was occurring in a mushroom?

there would be no change; GUU always codes for valine