Biology Study Resource: Unit 2
Which of the following accurately describes an example of how materials can move across the cell membrane through active transport?
A protein acts as a pump and moves calcium ions from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.
How does the use of a scanning electron microscope differ from that of a transmission electron microscope?
A scanning electron microscope can be used to study the details of a specimen's surface, while a transmission electron microscope can be used to study the internal structures of a cell.
What molecule stores the energy that is produced during cellular respiration?
ATP
Which of the following is true of modern cell theory?
As technology improves, so will our understanding of cells.
Which answer correctly compares the Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain?
Both occur in the mitochondria and result in producing more ATP.
Which of the following best describes one way electron microscopes and light microscopes differ in structure?
Electron microscopes use a beam of electrons instead of light to magnify images.
How does having many small chloroplasts rather than one large one within each cell benefit a plant?
It allows more of the chlorophyll to be exposed to light.
Which of the following best describes what happens after a lysosome is made in the rough endoplasmic reticulum of a plant cell?
It is sent to the Golgi apparatus for further processing.
What ultimately happens to the light energy captured during photosynthesis?
It is used to produce glucose molecules.
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
It modifies and stores proteins received from the endoplasmic reticulum.
Why does darkness affect the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis?
Light independent reactions require the energy gathered in the thylakoids.
Which of the following does not provide evidence for endosymbiotic theory?
Mitochondria and chloroplasts reproduce without the use of binary fission.
Which of the following organelles is found in both plant and animal cells?
Mitochondrium
Which of the following best describes the main idea of the endosymbiotic theory?
Modern-day mitochondria evolved from simple prokaryotic cells taken up by larger prokaryotes.
Which type of microscope requires a nonmetal sample to be prepared for viewing by coating it with a thin layer of a conductive material?
Scanning electron microscope
Which of the following outcomes would be most likely if the membrane of a cell were no longer selectively permeable?
The cell would die as it would not be able to regulate which substances could enter and leave.
What is the function of the lysosome in eukaryotic cells?
The lysosome secretes enzymes to break down large molecules.
What did Louis Pasteur's experiment contribute to cell theory?
The proof that cells only come from other cells
How are the proteins used for active transport different from those used for facilitated diffusion?
The proteins involved in active transport must be powered by ATP to work.
Runners only have enough stored ATP in their muscle cells to run for about five seconds. Which answer correctly explains how the runner's body adjusts to the longer distance, for example, a marathon (42.1 km)?
The runner's body will convert stored fat molecules into energy.
While the average human is able to hold his or her breath for approximately one minute, a whale can dive for over 30 minutes without returning to the surface. Which of the following correctly describes this difference?
Whales are able to conserve oxygen better than humans.
Like all valid scientific theories, modern cell theory
builds on the work of earlier scientists
When a cell has to endure lasting changes in its environment that require it to actively transport more molecules than normal through the cell membrane, what effect will this have on the mitochondria of the cell? The cell will need
more mitochondria to meet the increased energy demand