Biology Unit 4 Quiz 5

asexual

Mitosis is a form of _______________________ reproduction.

embryo

A zygote will develop into an ____________________ during the early stages.

True

All variations within organisms can be explained by the known principles of genetics. True False

heteromorphic alternation of generations

Alternation of generations in which the sporophyte and gametophyte generations have a different size, shape, or appearance.

conjugation

An act of fertilization involving the transfer of cell contents to another cell. Conjugation usually occurs in simpler organisms.

False

An advantage of grafting is to increase the quality of the rootstock. True False

embryo

An early stage in the development of an animal or plant.

sporophyte gametophyte

An increasingly intricate relationship exists between the gametophyte and sporophyte generations in vascular plants. As vascular plants live longer, they increase in size and complexity and the ____________________________ generation becomes dominant, while the ____________________________ generation becomes smaller and of shorter duration.

immotile

Incapable of independent movement.

ovum

The egg cell; a female gamete.

False

The genetic information in a gamete is identical to one of the original separated sets of chromosomes in the parent. True False

interphase

The genetic material is duplicated

True

The larva of a frog is a tadpole. True False

variations

Three advantages of sexual reproduction are: genetic ____________________________, resistance to unfavorable conditions, and produces disease free seed plants.

isogamous fertilization

A haplontic cycle animal initially reproduces by: mitosis isogamous fertilization meiosis binary fission

meiospore

A spore produced by meiosis.

True

All the chromosomes in a diploid cell are paired. True False

False

All the gametes of isogamous organisms are genetically identical. True False

bulb

An onion or daffodil reproduces by means of an underground structure called a ____________

ovary

An organ in animals that produces eggs is called the _________________

archegonium

An organ in lower vascular plants, gymnosperms, mosses, and liverworts which produces an egg cell.

antheridium

An organ in simpler plants that produces sperm cells.

gametangium

An organ of lower plants, some protists and some fungi that produces gametes.

one two

As processes, mitosis consists of __________ division(s), and meiosis consist of ___________ division(s).

mitosis

By what mechanism does a diplontic animal grow after fertilization? mitosis binary fission isogamous fertilization meiosis

motile

Capable of independent movement.

binary fission

Conjugation is directly opposite to: budding fertilization binary fission meiosis

True

Crossing over and the separation of homologous chromosomes in the first division produces genetic variation. True False

double the original

How many chromosomes are produced by the first division during meiosis? four additional four times the original double the original none of the above

unicellular

One-celled.

adventitious

Refers to the appearance of buds or roots from tissue which is not bud or root tissue. Adventitious roots appear from stem or leaf tissue, and adventitious buds appear in root tissue.

False

Science has documented mechanisms by the scientific method, by which new genes can be acquired during reproduction. True False

propagation

The act of propagating or establishing and growing new plants.

cytokinesis

The actual separation of daughter cells during cell division.

haplontic

The basic kind of life cycle found in the simplest animals is __________________________

parent cell

The cell which begins the process of cell division

calyx

The collective term for the sepals.

sperm

The male gamete

root stock

The portion of a plant with the root system used in grafting.

differentiation

The production of cells during mitosis into specialized function is called ________________________________________

False

Asexual reproduction requires gametes but not fertilization. True False

True

Grafting is an ancient practice. True False

testis

The male gonad in animals. It produces sperm.

anther

The part of the stamen of a flower that bears the pollen.

False

The petals of a flower have no reproductive function. True False

prophase

The phase during mitosis when DNA separates into pairs of chromosomes is: prophase metaphase anaphase interphase

presence of other cells chemical stimulators cell size

What factors are known to be involved in the control of mitosis? presence of other cells cell shape chemical stimulators cell size age of cell genetic makeup

produces reproductive organs which produce a zygote

What is the function of the gametophyte generation of the fern plant? produces reproductive organs which produce a zygote produces meiospores which grow into a sporophyte plant grows as a diploid fern produces a new fern asexually

red blood cells

Which cells in the human body require a high rate of mitosis? nerve cells white blood cells red blood cells muscle cells

mitosphore

A ______________________________ is a spore that develops by mitosis.

ovum

A single egg is a(n): ova ovum yolk ovary

it is a highly complex genetic process it is completely governed by preexisting genetic information received by the zygote

Which statement(s) are true about metamorphosis: it is a highly complex genetic process it is completely governed by preexisting genetic information received by the zygote it is a form of accelerated evolution

haplontic

A life cycle in which meiosis occurs shortly after fertilization, and most of the life cycle is passed as a haploid.

sporic life cycle

A life cycle in which the sporophyte is more than the zygote, and the gametophyte is more than a gamete. The gametophyte and the sporophyte alternate with one another through time.

internal fertilization

A mating pattern in which the male and female come close together and the male introduces the sperm into the body of the female where fertilization occurs.

four

A meiotic division produces ______________ daughter cells.

protist

A one- or few-celled organism with chromosomes. Many have characteristics of both animals and plants.

interphase

A period in the life of the cell between two periods of mitosis.

regeneration

A phenomenon in which organisms break into two or more parts and then each part grows into a new individual.

bulb

A plant structure with enlarged leaf bases and stored food surrounding a central bit of fleshy stem tissue.

differentiation

A process changing cells or organisms from a generalized to a more specific or specialized condition. It often involves a reduction of the ability to reproduce or divide, and is usually not reversible.

cone

A reproductive organ of gymnosperms having a central axis with radiate scales and bracts. A cone can either produce pollen or ovules.

adventitious

A root which develops from stem or leaf tissue instead of root tissue is said to be _____________________________________

annulus

A row of specialized cells around the sporangium of most ferns. It plays a role in opening the sporangium and releasing spores.

corm

A short, solid, enlarged underground stem used for food storage and for asexual reproduction.

corm

A short, vertical, solid, or fleshy stem possessed by gladiolus and which is used in reproduction is termed a _______________

organism

A single individual plant or animal

sperm

A small, flagellated male gamete that swims to the egg to fertilize it.

spore

A small, resistant cell that can grow into a new organism. They may be produced either by meiosis or mitosis.

conidia

A special kind of asexual spore found in many kinds of fungi.

genetic variation

A species may successfully live in its environment due to _________________________________________________________________________.

microsporangium

A sporangium that produces microspores.

mitospore

A spore that develops by mitosis.

sporangium

A spore-producing cell or structure in protists and plants.

filament

A stalk which supports the anther. It is part of the stamen.

stolon

A stem which grows out from a plant periodically producing new stems and leaves on one side, and roots on the other. It is a means of asexual reproduction.

ovule

A structure within the ovary of a flower that contains the female gametophyte. It develops into a seed after fertilization.

root

A successful cutting requires that the new plant acquire its own ______________

False

A successful scion will produce the product of the rootstock with greater quality. True False

spindle apparatus

A system of fibers stretching from one end of a mitotic cell to the other end.

leaf cutting

A technique in horticulture using a cutting made from a leaf or leaf tissue to grow a new plant.

grafting

A technique used in horticulture in which a part of the stem or a bud is inserted into a plant with a good root system. The inserted portion of the stem or the bud then becomes the top part of the plant, and it uses the root system it was grafted into.

diplontic

A type of life cycle in which meiosis produces gametes and the bulk of the life cycle is passed as a diploid. Adults are diploid.

external fertilization

A type of mating pattern in which eggs and sperm are released into the water after the mating partners come near one another. Fertilization occurs outside the body of the female.

complete metamorphosis

A type of metamorphosis in which the change from larva to adult occurs in one dramatic step. The larva and adult do not appear to be the same.

tadpole

A young frog or toad in the larval stage of development.

mitosis

A zygote becomes a mature adult through the process of __________________________

one gene for a particular trait

Each chromosome usually contains: two genes for a particular trait one trait one gene for a particular trait everything needed to express a trait

sporic

Life cycles found in vascular plants are variations of the ______________________ life cycle.

False

Little genetic variation would occur within a population of animals and plants that is widespread over an area with a great range of different environmental conditions. True False

flagellum

Long, whip-like structure extending from a cell used for locomotion.

a nuclear and cell division process

Meiosis is also referred to as: asexual reproduction a nuclear and cell division process nucleic reproduction cell reduction

2 identical

Mitosis produces _____ daughter cells which are _____________________ to the parent cell.

True

Nearly all plants can be reproduced asexually. True False

True

Occasionally asexual reproduction can cause undesirable proliferation of an organism. True False

budding

Offspring which arise as a contiguous outgrowth of the parent is called ______________________

a barrier to other sperm forms immediately a zygote is formed

Once an egg has been fertilized: a barrier to other sperm forms immediately new genes are formed the zygote becomes haploid a zygote is formed cytoplasm is always exchanged

centromere

Part of a chromosome which attaches to the spindle apparatus during mitosis or meiosis.

ovule female

Pine cone seeds are produced in the _________________ of the _______________________ cone.

vascular plant

Plant which has true conductive tissues within it. It usually has true roots, stems, and leaves.

gymnosperms

Plants that produce seeds within a cone are called _________________________________.

angiosperms

Plants which produce their gametes in flowers are called: ________________________________________

anther stigma

Pollination of a flower requires that the pollen produced in the ___________________ be deposited on the _______________________.

homosporous

Producing spores that are all the same in size and shape.

heterosporous

Producing spores that are different in size and shape.

prophase

The first part of mitosis when the chromosomes shorten and thicken, the nucleolus breaks down, and the nuclear envelope disintegrates.

seed

The fully developed ovule becomes a _____________

to produce eggs

The function of the larger, more typical pinecone is: to produce pollen to fertilize seeds to produce sperm to produce eggs

sexual

The fusing together of two gametes at fertilization is called _____________________ reproduction.

sporophyte vascular gametophyte

The gametophyte and sporophyte generations of ferns differ from one another in that the long-lived ____________________________ has _________________________ tissue. The _________________________________ is small, heart-shaped, and lives only a few weeks.

prothallium

The gametophyte generation of a fern is called the ____________________________________.

prothallium

The gametophyte generation of a fern.

genetic information

The genetic requirement for evolution to operate is the acquiring of new ____________________________________________________________________________ during reproduction.

sporophyte

The green leafy plants recognized as ferns are from the ___________________________________ generation of the plant.

sporophyte

The gymnosperm tree or shrub comprises the _____________________________ generation of the plant.

recombination first

The haploid chromosomes of a gamete are formed by ______________________________________ of the chromosomes of the parent cell, after the ______________ phase of division.

False

The human female produces about 10,000 eggs during a lifetime. True False

oogamous

The human gametes are: isogamous anisogamous oogamous none of the above

life cycle

The idea that organisms reproduce from adult, to gametes, and back to adult again in a cycle or cyclical pattern.

alternation of generations

The idea that the sporophyte generation and the gametophyte generations follow one another in alternating fashion.

larva

The juvenile stage or phase of life of an organism which undergoes metamorphosis.

external

The kind of fertilization found in the majority of aquatic animals is ___________________ fertilization.

stamen

The male organ of plants. It produces pollen.

False

The mechanisms controlling cell differentiation have been determined by microbiologists. True False

nuclear envelope

The membrane that surrounds the nucleus of the cell.

has been imagined as evolution theory has never been documented by the scientific method

The method by which new genes can be acquired by successive generations: is called mitosis is by mutations has been imagined as evolution theory has never been documented by the scientific method is called meiosis is known as genetic recombination is sexual reproduction is fertilization

genetic variability

The most significant characteristic of sexual reproduction is: genetic variability unlimited variation multiple offspring genetic identity

False

The new plant produced by the technique of layering must remain attached to the stem of the original plant. True False

fertilized egg

The only portion of a haplontic life cycle that is diploid is the ________________________________________________________________

archegonium

The organ that produces the egg cell in the life cycle of the pine is called the _____________________________________.

gametangium

The organ which produces gametes in lower plants, some protists, and some fungi is called the _______________________________________________

scion

The part of a desired plant inserted into rootstock during grafting is called the ________________

telophase

The phase of mitosis when the daughter chromosomes have reached opposite ends of the cell. The nuclear envelope and nucleolus reform and the process of cytokinesis begins.

metaphase

The phase of mitosis when the daughter chromosomes line up across the middle of the cell.

container for the fertilized egg

The pine cone seed is the: female gametophyte male gametophyte container for the fertilized egg none of the above

ovary stigma style

The pistil of a flower consists of: ovary corolla stigma style stamen anther

False

The pollen produced by a gymnosperm is formed in the female cone. True False

scion

The portion of a plant with buds, that is placed into the stock by grafting or budding.

stem

The portion of the vascular plant which has the majority of the methods of asexual reproduction occurring in it is called the ____________.

multiple fission

The process of a parent cell dividing into a large number of genetically identical cells all at once is known as ___________________________________________________________________. multiple fission regeneration binary fission reproduction by spores budding

furrowing

The process of actually dividing animal cells by constriction is called ________________________

False

The rate of mitosis happens spontaneously without controls in organisms. True False

enzymes separating the DNA molecules

The reproduction of DNA during interphase begins with: thickening of the chromatin enzymes separating the DNA molecules enzymes producing a new DNA molecule pairs of bases lining up

zygote

The result of fertilization in which two gametes have fused together. Often simply called a fertilized egg.

fruit

The ripened ovaries of a flower produce: ___________________

binary fission

The simplest form of asexual reproduction is called ________________________________________________________. budding regeneration binary fission multiple fission reproduction by conidia

stigma

The sticky, terminal end of the pistil where pollen is caught in pollination.

layering

The technique of developing roots on a stem of a plant while that stem is still attached to the parent plant. After a new root system is established the new plant is cut away from the parent plant and planted.

adults producing gametes the growth of the offspring to adulthood fertilization

The term life cycle includes the entire process of: adults defending their young adults producing gametes providing a conducive environment the growth of the offspring to adulthood fertilization

metamorphosis

The transformation of a larva to an adult. It occurs only in animals having great differences in form between the larva and adult.

pollen tube

The tube that grows from the pollen grain to penetrate the ovule for fertilization.

pollination

Transfer of pollen from male to female cones in gymnosperms, or from anther to stigma in flowering plants.

during meiosis

Variation produced by sexual reproduction starts: at cell splitting during meiosis during mitosis at fertilization

pre-existing

Variations of traits within a population are the result of genetic recombination of __________________________________ genes.

heteromorphic

Vascular plants have a _______________________________________ alternation of generations.

regeneration

When an organism of many cells breaks up into two or more parts, and when these parts survive to produce a new organism, reproduction occurs by _____________________________________

fertilization

When gametes fuse or come together to make one cell, ______________________________________________ has occurred.

anaphase

Chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell

G2 phase

The period during interphase between the synthesis of new genetic material and the beginning of mitosis.

interphase

The period of time in which, in part, the genetic information is duplicated is called __________________________

hormone

A chemical substance made in one part of an animal or plant that causes some definite effect in the cells of another part of the same animal or plant.

haploid

A fertilized egg has received one set of _______________________ chromosomes from the sperm.

colony

A group of organisms attached to one another after undergoing asexual reproduction from a common parent.

multiple fission

A kind of asexual reproduction in which a single cell undergoes many mitotic divisions in the nucleus and a number of daughter cells are produced all at once.

budding

A kind of asexual reproduction involving the growth of a new individual from part of an older organism. It can also refer to uneven distribution of cells that results in one cell receiving most of cell contents. In grafting, budding involves reducing the scion to a singular bud.

meiosis

A kind of cell division involving halving the chromosome number

cell plate

A structure that forms across the middle of a higher plant cell in telophase. It is the beginning of a new cell wall which divides the two daughter cells from one another to finish mitosis.

sex

All the chromosomes in a diploid cell come in matched pairs except the _________ chromosomes.

True

Asexual reproduction always yields offspring which are identical to their parent. True False

mitotic division

Cell division by means of mitosis

mitosis

Cell division in which two daughter cells are genetic copies of the parent cell

diploid

Cells having matched pairs of chromosomes are: homozygous haploid diploid homologous

repaired

Damaged cells of an organism are usually _______________________ by mitosis.

centriole

Forms the ends of the spindle fibers in the cell during mitosis. It is normally found in animal cells.

reproduction with only one parent reproduction at a rapid rate reproduction genetically of identical offspring reproduction in harsh climates

Four principal advantages of asexual reproduction are: reproduction with only one parent reproduction at a rapid rate reproduction utilizing many different genotypes reproduction genetically of identical offspring reproduction in harsh climates reproduction producing a variety of phenotypes

False

Large variations in a crop may be developed by employing asexual reproduction. True False

equal to

Mitosis produces daughter cells that have a chromosome number that is ________________________ that of the parent cell.

False

Most cells remain functioning throughout the duration of the organism by the maintenance function of mitosis. True False

diploid

Most of the cells in the human body are: diploid haploid

a homologous pair

Normally, how many chromosomes are required to determine the outward expression of a trait? only one two pairs any two a homologous pair

G1 phase

Period during the life of a cell between the finish of mitosis and the synthesis of more genetic material for another mitotic division.

gamete

Sex cell

telophase

The cell plate forms, the nuclear envelope is formed

daughter cell

The cell produced as a result of cell division

central disk

The central portion of a starfish. The arms of a starfish radiate from the central disk.

anaphase

The chromosomes are equally divided between the two ends of the dividing cell during ___________________________

metaphase

The chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

fertilization

The fusion of gametes to produce a new cell or zygote

chromatin

The genetic material appearing like a thread in a nucleus is called ___________________________

furrowing

The method of cell division in animal cells in which there is a constriction in the middle of the parent cell until the two halves of the cell divide.

mutation

The mismatch of a DNA base pair during duplication can result in a ______________________

genetic recombination

The new genetic combinations of information which take place as a result of meiosis

2

The number of daughter cells produced in mitosis is ___

gametes

The only haploid cells in an organism are __________________________

False

The ordered arrangement of chromosomes in gametes is the same as they were in the parent cell. True False

S phase

The period of interphase when the genetic information is being duplicated.

metaphase

The phase during mitosis when chromosomes line up in the center of the cell is: prophase anaphase metaphase centerphase

enzymes

The proteins which are required to reproduce DNA during interphase are: paired bases sugar phosphates enzymes nucleotides

anaphase

The stage of mitosis when the chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell.

two molecules are formed, each with an original "upright"

When DNA is duplicated during mitosis: two molecules are formed, each with an original "upright" the original molecule thickens and separates into two two completely new DNA molecules are formed one completely new DNA molecule is formed

during the first division of meiosis

When are the homologous pairs of chromosomes separated? during fertilization during the second division of meiosis during the first division of meiosis during the final division of mitosis

cancer

When mitosis becomes uncontrolled and occurs at a rapid rate, an organism may have ____________________

mitosis

Which occurs more frequently, mitosis or meiosis? meiosis mitosis

a copy error in the chromosomes a mistake in the DNA "ladder"

Which statement(s) corresponds correctly to a mutation? an additional gene (base pairs) added to DNA information added to the genetic code a copy error in the chromosomes a mistake in the DNA "ladder"

they do not contain chromosomes

Why don't blue-green algae and bacteria reproduce by mitosis? Because they are not organisms they are not cells they do not contain chromosomes all of the above

Mitosis

______________________ is a type of cell division used in asexual reproduction.

binary fission

asexual reproduction in which a single cell divides into two with no exchange of genetic material; reproduction method of bacteria

repair replacement reproduction growth

(Select all that apply.) The four major functions of mitosis include _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________. mutation differentiation repair replacement reproduction growth

male flower

A flower that has male parts only. It has stamens but no pistils.

juvenile

The first or earliest period of life in a young animal.

True

Mammals do not undergo metamorphosis. True False

egg

A large gamete with stored food.

unbelief grafted graft

"And they also, if they abide not still in ______________, shall be _____________________ in: for God is able to ______________ them in again. For if thou wert cut out of the olive tree which is wild by nature, and wert graffed contrary to nature into a good olive tree: how much more shall these, which be natural branches, be graffed into their own olive tree." Romans 11:23-24

stems leaves roots

(Select all that apply.) Cuttings used for growing plants may be taken from which of the following? stems flowers leaves roots

stolon

A ____________________ is a stem growing from a plant that periodically produces new stems and leaves on one side and roots on the other.

stigma

A _____________________ is the sticky end of a pistil where pollen is caught.

rhizome

A _______________________ is a horizontal stem at or just beneath the surface of the ground which can give rise to roots or stems.

style

A column-like part of the pistil that supports the stigma of a flower.

True

A common fruit that can only reproduce asexually is Thompson seedless grapes. True False

root cutting

A cutting made from the root of a plant which develops adventitious buds and grows into a new plant.

stem cutting

A cutting of stem tissue used to grow a new plant.

ovulate or seed cone

A female cone in gymnosperms. It produces seeds.

tuber

A fleshy, enlarged end of a rhizome or stolon is called a __________________

tuber

A fleshy, enlarged stem of a rhizome or stolon. It has buds and can grow new plants.

complete flower

A flower containing a pistil, stamen, calyx, and corolla.

perfect flower

A flower having both male and female parts.

female flower

A flower that has female parts only. It has pistils, but no stamens.

incomplete flower

A flower that lacks one or more of the following parts: pistil, stamen, calyx, or corolla.

False

A flower's sepal is part of the corolla. True False

complete

A great change occurring in one step from the juvenile stage to the adult stage is called _____________________ metamorphosis.

sorus

A group of sporangia in ferns.

organ

A group of tissues with a specific function in a part of the body.

tissue

A group or mass of cells having a common function.

gametophyte generation

A haploid generation. Produces gametes.

rhizome

A horizontal stem at or just beneath the surface of the ground which can give rise to aerial stems, roots, or to more rhizome tissue. Rhizomes are a principal means of asexual reproduction in many plants.

incomplete metamorphosis

A kind of metamorphosis in which the change from larva to adult comes in several steps or stages. The change is not as dramatic as that of complete metamorphosis.

between pollination and fertilization

About one year is required in the gymnosperm: to develop the egg to grow the male and female cones between fertilization and germination between pollination and fertilization

genetic recombination

Adaptation is possible due to the known mechanism of: mutations genetic recombination evolution mitosis

egg-laying

All of the following are basic types of asexual reproduction in lower organisms except: budding regeneration egg-laying binary fission multiple fission reproduction by spores

pupa

An insect is called a _____________ during the period of inactivity associated with complete metamorphosis.

initially by meiosis, then by mitosis

By what reproductive mechanism does a haplontic animal grow? initially by meiosis, then by mitosis completely by mitosis initially mitosis, then meiosis completely by meiosis

False

Colonies occur when an animal produces many young asexually and they become detached from the original (parent) animal and result as an independent mass. True False

gymnosperms

Cone bearing plants are classified as __________________________________________

gymnosperm

Cone-bearing plant. Often called evergreen.

False

Differentiation of cells changes the nucleic information. True False

oogamous

Diplontic animals usually produce both eggs or sperm which are _____________________________

pistil

The female part of the flower.

producing gametes

For an animal living a diplontic cycle, meiosis is limited to: producing growth producing gametes fertilization development of the zygote

gonad

Gamete producing organs in animals

isogamete

Gametes that are the same in size and shape.

oogamous

Having gametes of different size and shape. Usually oogamous organisms have eggs and sperm.

when the pollen tube grows into the ovule

How does the egg of a flower become fertilized? when the pollen tube grows into the ovule after the pollen grain descends down the style as soon as the pollen reaches the stigma when the seed germinates

True

If you develop a particular flower which cannot be reproduced from seeds, it could be preserved by grafting. True False

male female

In considering the difference between the male and female pine cones, the ______________ is small, short-lived, and nearly unnoticeable on the tree. The ____________________ is the one we recognize as the pine cone.

larva adult

Incomplete metamorphosis is a change from ________________ to __________________ that takes place in a series of steps.

adult

Refers to grown or mature animals or plants.

True

Some cells of the body like neurons and brain cells do not reproduce themselves. True False

True

Some flowers are able to pollinate themselves. True False

True

Some flowers have a complete set of male and female parts for fertilization. True False

True

Some plants and animals can reproduce both asexually and sexually. True False

aquatic

Something which lives in or pertains to water. An aquatic organism lives in water.

terrestrial

Something which occurs on the land or refers to the land.

tissues

Specialized cells which perform a particular function form _____________________

meiosis

Spores produced by the small male cone of a pine tree are produced by ______________________.

yolk

Stored food material in the eggs of many animals.

True

Successful breeding is limited to the gametes of the same created "kinds" of organisms. True False

perfect male female

The ____________________ flower has both ______________ stamens and ______________________ pistil parts.

adapt

The ability of an organism to _________________ to its environment is due to potential variation.

corolla

The collective term for the petals of a flower.

calyx

The collective term for the sepals is __________________

isogamy

The condition common to protozoa whereby the cell of the organism acts as a gamete is ____________________

oogamy

The condition of being oogamous.

anisogamy

The condition of having anisogametes.

anisogamete

The condition of having gametes similar in shape, but different in size.

pupa

The developmental stage between larva and adult in insects undergoing complete metamorphosis. It is usually a resistant stage with a thick layer of material protecting the insect from drying out or being harmed by outside influences or forces of various kinds.

sporophyte generation

The diploid generation. One that produces spores by meiosis.

ovary

The female gonad in animals. It produces eggs. Also, in plants it is the lower portion of the pistil that contains ovules and develops into fruit.

all genetic information comes from preexisting genes variations remain within created kinds

Which statements correspond correctly to sexual reproduction? the potential combinations are unlimited all genetic information comes from preexisting genes new genetic information is originated at fertilization variations remain within created kinds variations have no boundaries

meiosis reproduces identical DNA meiosis is the complete process of sexual reproduction

Why is sexual reproduction associated with meiosis? meiosis reproduces identical DNA meiosis is the complete process of sexual reproduction meiosis helps to generate variability meiosis produces gametes

Multiple fission

________________________________________________________________ is the division of a parent cell into a number of daughter cells all at once.

new combinations of genes from two parents

Genetic recombination results from: a random recombination of chromosome pairs cross over new combinations of genes from two parents recombination of chromosomes during meiosis

homologous chromosomes

Chromosomes that are the same in size, shape, and control the same characteristics

chromosome

Discreet units of chromatin which appear during cell division

haploid

Having a single, complete set of chromosomes

diploid

Having chromosomes in homologous pairs

Mitosis is a means of adding new cells. weight is increased by adding new cells.

How are the growth and development of a baby related to the process of mitosis? Mitosis regulates hormonal balance. Mitosis is relevant only to plants. Mitosis is a means of adding new cells. weight is increased by adding new cells.

additional numbers of cells is not needed in most animals after maturity plants usually continue to grow throughout their existence

How does mitosis differ in plants and many animals? additional numbers of cells is not needed in most animals after maturity animals need cell repair, plants do not plants usually continue to grow throughout their existence mitosis relates to plants, meiosis relates to animals

chromsomes

In addition to cell division, meiosis also includes division of a cell's ____________________________________

prophase

Chromosomes become visible, the spindle apparatus forms

homologous

Matched pairs of chromosomes are called: haploid homozygous diploid homologous

chromatin

Material in the cell nucleus carrying hereditary information. It is made up of DNA and various kinds of protein.

one-half

Meiosis produces daughter cells that have a chromosome number that is _____________________ that of the parent cell.

all of the above

Reproduction by mitosis duplicates: chromosomes genes DNA all of the above

asexual reproduction

Reproduction in which the offspring are genetic copies of the parent