Biology Unit 4 Quiz 5
embryo
A zygote will develop into an ____________________ during the early stages.
True
All variations within organisms can be explained by the known principles of genetics. True False
heteromorphic alternation of generations
Alternation of generations in which the sporophyte and gametophyte generations have a different size, shape, or appearance.
conjugation
An act of fertilization involving the transfer of cell contents to another cell. Conjugation usually occurs in simpler organisms.
False
An advantage of grafting is to increase the quality of the rootstock. True False
embryo
An early stage in the development of an animal or plant.
sporophyte gametophyte
An increasingly intricate relationship exists between the gametophyte and sporophyte generations in vascular plants. As vascular plants live longer, they increase in size and complexity and the ____________________________ generation becomes dominant, while the ____________________________ generation becomes smaller and of shorter duration.
immotile
Incapable of independent movement.
ovum
The egg cell; a female gamete.
False
The genetic information in a gamete is identical to one of the original separated sets of chromosomes in the parent. True False
interphase
The genetic material is duplicated
True
The larva of a frog is a tadpole. True False
variations
Three advantages of sexual reproduction are: genetic ____________________________, resistance to unfavorable conditions, and produces disease free seed plants.
isogamous fertilization
A haplontic cycle animal initially reproduces by: mitosis isogamous fertilization meiosis binary fission
meiospore
A spore produced by meiosis.
False
All the gametes of isogamous organisms are genetically identical. True False
bulb
An onion or daffodil reproduces by means of an underground structure called a ____________
ovary
An organ in animals that produces eggs is called the _________________
archegonium
An organ in lower vascular plants, gymnosperms, mosses, and liverworts which produces an egg cell.
antheridium
An organ in simpler plants that produces sperm cells.
gametangium
An organ of lower plants, some protists and some fungi that produces gametes.
one two
As processes, mitosis consists of __________ division(s), and meiosis consist of ___________ division(s).
mitosis
By what mechanism does a diplontic animal grow after fertilization? mitosis binary fission isogamous fertilization meiosis
motile
Capable of independent movement.
binary fission
Conjugation is directly opposite to: budding fertilization binary fission meiosis
True
Crossing over and the separation of homologous chromosomes in the first division produces genetic variation. True False
unicellular
One-celled.
adventitious
Refers to the appearance of buds or roots from tissue which is not bud or root tissue. Adventitious roots appear from stem or leaf tissue, and adventitious buds appear in root tissue.
False
Science has documented mechanisms by the scientific method, by which new genes can be acquired during reproduction. True False
haplontic
The basic kind of life cycle found in the simplest animals is __________________________
parent cell
The cell which begins the process of cell division
calyx
The collective term for the sepals.
root stock
The portion of a plant with the root system used in grafting.
differentiation
The production of cells during mitosis into specialized function is called ________________________________________
False
Asexual reproduction requires gametes but not fertilization. True False
True
Grafting is an ancient practice. True False
testis
The male gonad in animals. It produces sperm.
anther
The part of the stamen of a flower that bears the pollen.
False
The petals of a flower have no reproductive function. True False
prophase
The phase during mitosis when DNA separates into pairs of chromosomes is: prophase metaphase anaphase interphase
presence of other cells chemical stimulators cell size
What factors are known to be involved in the control of mitosis? presence of other cells cell shape chemical stimulators cell size age of cell genetic makeup
produces reproductive organs which produce a zygote
What is the function of the gametophyte generation of the fern plant? produces reproductive organs which produce a zygote produces meiospores which grow into a sporophyte plant grows as a diploid fern produces a new fern asexually
red blood cells
Which cells in the human body require a high rate of mitosis? nerve cells white blood cells red blood cells muscle cells
mitosphore
A ______________________________ is a spore that develops by mitosis.
ovum
A single egg is a(n): ova ovum yolk ovary
it is a highly complex genetic process it is completely governed by preexisting genetic information received by the zygote
Which statement(s) are true about metamorphosis: it is a highly complex genetic process it is completely governed by preexisting genetic information received by the zygote it is a form of accelerated evolution
haplontic
A life cycle in which meiosis occurs shortly after fertilization, and most of the life cycle is passed as a haploid.
sporic life cycle
A life cycle in which the sporophyte is more than the zygote, and the gametophyte is more than a gamete. The gametophyte and the sporophyte alternate with one another through time.
internal fertilization
A mating pattern in which the male and female come close together and the male introduces the sperm into the body of the female where fertilization occurs.
four
A meiotic division produces ______________ daughter cells.
protist
A one- or few-celled organism with chromosomes. Many have characteristics of both animals and plants.
interphase
A period in the life of the cell between two periods of mitosis.
regeneration
A phenomenon in which organisms break into two or more parts and then each part grows into a new individual.
bulb
A plant structure with enlarged leaf bases and stored food surrounding a central bit of fleshy stem tissue.
differentiation
A process changing cells or organisms from a generalized to a more specific or specialized condition. It often involves a reduction of the ability to reproduce or divide, and is usually not reversible.
cone
A reproductive organ of gymnosperms having a central axis with radiate scales and bracts. A cone can either produce pollen or ovules.
adventitious
A root which develops from stem or leaf tissue instead of root tissue is said to be _____________________________________
annulus
A row of specialized cells around the sporangium of most ferns. It plays a role in opening the sporangium and releasing spores.
corm
A short, solid, enlarged underground stem used for food storage and for asexual reproduction.
corm
A short, vertical, solid, or fleshy stem possessed by gladiolus and which is used in reproduction is termed a _______________
organism
A single individual plant or animal
sperm
A small, flagellated male gamete that swims to the egg to fertilize it.
conidia
A special kind of asexual spore found in many kinds of fungi.
genetic variation
A species may successfully live in its environment due to _________________________________________________________________________.
microsporangium
A sporangium that produces microspores.
mitospore
A spore that develops by mitosis.
sporangium
A spore-producing cell or structure in protists and plants.
filament
A stalk which supports the anther. It is part of the stamen.
stolon
A stem which grows out from a plant periodically producing new stems and leaves on one side, and roots on the other. It is a means of asexual reproduction.
ovule
A structure within the ovary of a flower that contains the female gametophyte. It develops into a seed after fertilization.
root
A successful cutting requires that the new plant acquire its own ______________
False
A successful scion will produce the product of the rootstock with greater quality. True False
leaf cutting
A technique in horticulture using a cutting made from a leaf or leaf tissue to grow a new plant.
grafting
A technique used in horticulture in which a part of the stem or a bud is inserted into a plant with a good root system. The inserted portion of the stem or the bud then becomes the top part of the plant, and it uses the root system it was grafted into.
diplontic
A type of life cycle in which meiosis produces gametes and the bulk of the life cycle is passed as a diploid. Adults are diploid.
external fertilization
A type of mating pattern in which eggs and sperm are released into the water after the mating partners come near one another. Fertilization occurs outside the body of the female.
complete metamorphosis
A type of metamorphosis in which the change from larva to adult occurs in one dramatic step. The larva and adult do not appear to be the same.
tadpole
A young frog or toad in the larval stage of development.
mitosis
A zygote becomes a mature adult through the process of __________________________
one gene for a particular trait
Each chromosome usually contains: two genes for a particular trait one trait one gene for a particular trait everything needed to express a trait
sporic
Life cycles found in vascular plants are variations of the ______________________ life cycle.
False
Little genetic variation would occur within a population of animals and plants that is widespread over an area with a great range of different environmental conditions. True False
flagellum
Long, whip-like structure extending from a cell used for locomotion.
True
Nearly all plants can be reproduced asexually. True False
True
Occasionally asexual reproduction can cause undesirable proliferation of an organism. True False
budding
Offspring which arise as a contiguous outgrowth of the parent is called ______________________
a barrier to other sperm forms immediately a zygote is formed
Once an egg has been fertilized: a barrier to other sperm forms immediately new genes are formed the zygote becomes haploid a zygote is formed cytoplasm is always exchanged
ovule female
Pine cone seeds are produced in the _________________ of the _______________________ cone.
vascular plant
Plant which has true conductive tissues within it. It usually has true roots, stems, and leaves.
gymnosperms
Plants that produce seeds within a cone are called _________________________________.
angiosperms
Plants which produce their gametes in flowers are called: ________________________________________
anther stigma
Pollination of a flower requires that the pollen produced in the ___________________ be deposited on the _______________________.
homosporous
Producing spores that are all the same in size and shape.
heterosporous
Producing spores that are different in size and shape.
prophase
The first part of mitosis when the chromosomes shorten and thicken, the nucleolus breaks down, and the nuclear envelope disintegrates.
seed
The fully developed ovule becomes a _____________
to produce eggs
The function of the larger, more typical pinecone is: to produce pollen to fertilize seeds to produce sperm to produce eggs
sexual
The fusing together of two gametes at fertilization is called _____________________ reproduction.
sporophyte vascular gametophyte
The gametophyte and sporophyte generations of ferns differ from one another in that the long-lived ____________________________ has _________________________ tissue. The _________________________________ is small, heart-shaped, and lives only a few weeks.
prothallium
The gametophyte generation of a fern is called the ____________________________________.
prothallium
The gametophyte generation of a fern.
genetic information
The genetic requirement for evolution to operate is the acquiring of new ____________________________________________________________________________ during reproduction.
sporophyte
The green leafy plants recognized as ferns are from the ___________________________________ generation of the plant.
sporophyte
The gymnosperm tree or shrub comprises the _____________________________ generation of the plant.
recombination first
The haploid chromosomes of a gamete are formed by ______________________________________ of the chromosomes of the parent cell, after the ______________ phase of division.
False
The human female produces about 10,000 eggs during a lifetime. True False
oogamous
The human gametes are: isogamous anisogamous oogamous none of the above
life cycle
The idea that organisms reproduce from adult, to gametes, and back to adult again in a cycle or cyclical pattern.
alternation of generations
The idea that the sporophyte generation and the gametophyte generations follow one another in alternating fashion.
larva
The juvenile stage or phase of life of an organism which undergoes metamorphosis.
external
The kind of fertilization found in the majority of aquatic animals is ___________________ fertilization.
stamen
The male organ of plants. It produces pollen.
False
The mechanisms controlling cell differentiation have been determined by microbiologists. True False
has been imagined as evolution theory has never been documented by the scientific method
The method by which new genes can be acquired by successive generations: is called mitosis is by mutations has been imagined as evolution theory has never been documented by the scientific method is called meiosis is known as genetic recombination is sexual reproduction is fertilization
genetic variability
The most significant characteristic of sexual reproduction is: genetic variability unlimited variation multiple offspring genetic identity
False
The new plant produced by the technique of layering must remain attached to the stem of the original plant. True False
fertilized egg
The only portion of a haplontic life cycle that is diploid is the ________________________________________________________________
archegonium
The organ that produces the egg cell in the life cycle of the pine is called the _____________________________________.
gametangium
The organ which produces gametes in lower plants, some protists, and some fungi is called the _______________________________________________
scion
The part of a desired plant inserted into rootstock during grafting is called the ________________
telophase
The phase of mitosis when the daughter chromosomes have reached opposite ends of the cell. The nuclear envelope and nucleolus reform and the process of cytokinesis begins.
metaphase
The phase of mitosis when the daughter chromosomes line up across the middle of the cell.
container for the fertilized egg
The pine cone seed is the: female gametophyte male gametophyte container for the fertilized egg none of the above
ovary stigma style
The pistil of a flower consists of: ovary corolla stigma style stamen anther
False
The pollen produced by a gymnosperm is formed in the female cone. True False
scion
The portion of a plant with buds, that is placed into the stock by grafting or budding.
stem
The portion of the vascular plant which has the majority of the methods of asexual reproduction occurring in it is called the ____________.
multiple fission
The process of a parent cell dividing into a large number of genetically identical cells all at once is known as ___________________________________________________________________. multiple fission regeneration binary fission reproduction by spores budding
furrowing
The process of actually dividing animal cells by constriction is called ________________________
False
The rate of mitosis happens spontaneously without controls in organisms. True False
zygote
The result of fertilization in which two gametes have fused together. Often simply called a fertilized egg.
fruit
The ripened ovaries of a flower produce: ___________________
binary fission
The simplest form of asexual reproduction is called ________________________________________________________. budding regeneration binary fission multiple fission reproduction by conidia
stigma
The sticky, terminal end of the pistil where pollen is caught in pollination.
layering
The technique of developing roots on a stem of a plant while that stem is still attached to the parent plant. After a new root system is established the new plant is cut away from the parent plant and planted.
adults producing gametes the growth of the offspring to adulthood fertilization
The term life cycle includes the entire process of: adults defending their young adults producing gametes providing a conducive environment the growth of the offspring to adulthood fertilization
metamorphosis
The transformation of a larva to an adult. It occurs only in animals having great differences in form between the larva and adult.
pollen tube
The tube that grows from the pollen grain to penetrate the ovule for fertilization.
pollination
Transfer of pollen from male to female cones in gymnosperms, or from anther to stigma in flowering plants.
during meiosis
Variation produced by sexual reproduction starts: at cell splitting during meiosis during mitosis at fertilization
pre-existing
Variations of traits within a population are the result of genetic recombination of __________________________________ genes.
heteromorphic
Vascular plants have a _______________________________________ alternation of generations.
regeneration
When an organism of many cells breaks up into two or more parts, and when these parts survive to produce a new organism, reproduction occurs by _____________________________________
fertilization
When gametes fuse or come together to make one cell, ______________________________________________ has occurred.
G2 phase
The period during interphase between the synthesis of new genetic material and the beginning of mitosis.
interphase
The period of time in which, in part, the genetic information is duplicated is called __________________________
hormone
A chemical substance made in one part of an animal or plant that causes some definite effect in the cells of another part of the same animal or plant.
haploid
A fertilized egg has received one set of _______________________ chromosomes from the sperm.
colony
A group of organisms attached to one another after undergoing asexual reproduction from a common parent.
multiple fission
A kind of asexual reproduction in which a single cell undergoes many mitotic divisions in the nucleus and a number of daughter cells are produced all at once.
budding
A kind of asexual reproduction involving the growth of a new individual from part of an older organism. It can also refer to uneven distribution of cells that results in one cell receiving most of cell contents. In grafting, budding involves reducing the scion to a singular bud.
meiosis
A kind of cell division involving halving the chromosome number
cell plate
A structure that forms across the middle of a higher plant cell in telophase. It is the beginning of a new cell wall which divides the two daughter cells from one another to finish mitosis.
mitotic division
Cell division by means of mitosis
repair replacement reproduction growth
(Select all that apply.) The four major functions of mitosis include _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________. mutation differentiation repair replacement reproduction growth
male flower
A flower that has male parts only. It has stamens but no pistils.
juvenile
The first or earliest period of life in a young animal.
True
Mammals do not undergo metamorphosis. True False
egg
A large gamete with stored food.
unbelief grafted graft
"And they also, if they abide not still in ______________, shall be _____________________ in: for God is able to ______________ them in again. For if thou wert cut out of the olive tree which is wild by nature, and wert graffed contrary to nature into a good olive tree: how much more shall these, which be natural branches, be graffed into their own olive tree." Romans 11:23-24
stems leaves roots
(Select all that apply.) Cuttings used for growing plants may be taken from which of the following? stems flowers leaves roots
stolon
A ____________________ is a stem growing from a plant that periodically produces new stems and leaves on one side and roots on the other.
stigma
A _____________________ is the sticky end of a pistil where pollen is caught.
rhizome
A _______________________ is a horizontal stem at or just beneath the surface of the ground which can give rise to roots or stems.
style
A column-like part of the pistil that supports the stigma of a flower.
True
A common fruit that can only reproduce asexually is Thompson seedless grapes. True False
root cutting
A cutting made from the root of a plant which develops adventitious buds and grows into a new plant.
stem cutting
A cutting of stem tissue used to grow a new plant.
ovulate or seed cone
A female cone in gymnosperms. It produces seeds.
tuber
A fleshy, enlarged end of a rhizome or stolon is called a __________________
tuber
A fleshy, enlarged stem of a rhizome or stolon. It has buds and can grow new plants.
complete flower
A flower containing a pistil, stamen, calyx, and corolla.
perfect flower
A flower having both male and female parts.
female flower
A flower that has female parts only. It has pistils, but no stamens.
incomplete flower
A flower that lacks one or more of the following parts: pistil, stamen, calyx, or corolla.
False
A flower's sepal is part of the corolla. True False
complete
A great change occurring in one step from the juvenile stage to the adult stage is called _____________________ metamorphosis.
sorus
A group of sporangia in ferns.
organ
A group of tissues with a specific function in a part of the body.
tissue
A group or mass of cells having a common function.
gametophyte generation
A haploid generation. Produces gametes.
rhizome
A horizontal stem at or just beneath the surface of the ground which can give rise to aerial stems, roots, or to more rhizome tissue. Rhizomes are a principal means of asexual reproduction in many plants.
incomplete metamorphosis
A kind of metamorphosis in which the change from larva to adult comes in several steps or stages. The change is not as dramatic as that of complete metamorphosis.
between pollination and fertilization
About one year is required in the gymnosperm: to develop the egg to grow the male and female cones between fertilization and germination between pollination and fertilization
genetic recombination
Adaptation is possible due to the known mechanism of: mutations genetic recombination evolution mitosis
egg-laying
All of the following are basic types of asexual reproduction in lower organisms except: budding regeneration egg-laying binary fission multiple fission reproduction by spores
pupa
An insect is called a _____________ during the period of inactivity associated with complete metamorphosis.
initially by meiosis, then by mitosis
By what reproductive mechanism does a haplontic animal grow? initially by meiosis, then by mitosis completely by mitosis initially mitosis, then meiosis completely by meiosis
False
Colonies occur when an animal produces many young asexually and they become detached from the original (parent) animal and result as an independent mass. True False
gymnosperms
Cone bearing plants are classified as __________________________________________
gymnosperm
Cone-bearing plant. Often called evergreen.
False
Differentiation of cells changes the nucleic information. True False
oogamous
Diplontic animals usually produce both eggs or sperm which are _____________________________
pistil
The female part of the flower.
producing gametes
For an animal living a diplontic cycle, meiosis is limited to: producing growth producing gametes fertilization development of the zygote
gonad
Gamete producing organs in animals
isogamete
Gametes that are the same in size and shape.
oogamous
Having gametes of different size and shape. Usually oogamous organisms have eggs and sperm.
when the pollen tube grows into the ovule
How does the egg of a flower become fertilized? when the pollen tube grows into the ovule after the pollen grain descends down the style as soon as the pollen reaches the stigma when the seed germinates
True
If you develop a particular flower which cannot be reproduced from seeds, it could be preserved by grafting. True False
male female
In considering the difference between the male and female pine cones, the ______________ is small, short-lived, and nearly unnoticeable on the tree. The ____________________ is the one we recognize as the pine cone.
larva adult
Incomplete metamorphosis is a change from ________________ to __________________ that takes place in a series of steps.
adult
Refers to grown or mature animals or plants.
True
Some cells of the body like neurons and brain cells do not reproduce themselves. True False
True
Some flowers are able to pollinate themselves. True False
True
Some flowers have a complete set of male and female parts for fertilization. True False
True
Some plants and animals can reproduce both asexually and sexually. True False
aquatic
Something which lives in or pertains to water. An aquatic organism lives in water.
terrestrial
Something which occurs on the land or refers to the land.
tissues
Specialized cells which perform a particular function form _____________________
meiosis
Spores produced by the small male cone of a pine tree are produced by ______________________.
yolk
Stored food material in the eggs of many animals.
True
Successful breeding is limited to the gametes of the same created "kinds" of organisms. True False
perfect male female
The ____________________ flower has both ______________ stamens and ______________________ pistil parts.
adapt
The ability of an organism to _________________ to its environment is due to potential variation.
corolla
The collective term for the petals of a flower.
calyx
The collective term for the sepals is __________________
isogamy
The condition common to protozoa whereby the cell of the organism acts as a gamete is ____________________
oogamy
The condition of being oogamous.
anisogamy
The condition of having anisogametes.
anisogamete
The condition of having gametes similar in shape, but different in size.
pupa
The developmental stage between larva and adult in insects undergoing complete metamorphosis. It is usually a resistant stage with a thick layer of material protecting the insect from drying out or being harmed by outside influences or forces of various kinds.
sporophyte generation
The diploid generation. One that produces spores by meiosis.
ovary
The female gonad in animals. It produces eggs. Also, in plants it is the lower portion of the pistil that contains ovules and develops into fruit.
all genetic information comes from preexisting genes variations remain within created kinds
Which statements correspond correctly to sexual reproduction? the potential combinations are unlimited all genetic information comes from preexisting genes new genetic information is originated at fertilization variations remain within created kinds variations have no boundaries
meiosis reproduces identical DNA meiosis is the complete process of sexual reproduction
Why is sexual reproduction associated with meiosis? meiosis reproduces identical DNA meiosis is the complete process of sexual reproduction meiosis helps to generate variability meiosis produces gametes
Multiple fission
________________________________________________________________ is the division of a parent cell into a number of daughter cells all at once.
new combinations of genes from two parents
Genetic recombination results from: a random recombination of chromosome pairs cross over new combinations of genes from two parents recombination of chromosomes during meiosis
homologous chromosomes
Chromosomes that are the same in size, shape, and control the same characteristics
chromosome
Discreet units of chromatin which appear during cell division
haploid
Having a single, complete set of chromosomes
spore
A small, resistant cell that can grow into a new organism. They may be produced either by meiosis or mitosis.
spindle apparatus
A system of fibers stretching from one end of a mitotic cell to the other end.
True
Asexual reproduction always yields offspring which are identical to their parent. True False
mitosis
Cell division in which two daughter cells are genetic copies of the parent cell
repaired
Damaged cells of an organism are usually _______________________ by mitosis.
centriole
Forms the ends of the spindle fibers in the cell during mitosis. It is normally found in animal cells.
diploid
Having chromosomes in homologous pairs
Mitosis is a means of adding new cells. weight is increased by adding new cells.
How are the growth and development of a baby related to the process of mitosis? Mitosis regulates hormonal balance. Mitosis is relevant only to plants. Mitosis is a means of adding new cells. weight is increased by adding new cells.
additional numbers of cells is not needed in most animals after maturity plants usually continue to grow throughout their existence
How does mitosis differ in plants and many animals? additional numbers of cells is not needed in most animals after maturity animals need cell repair, plants do not plants usually continue to grow throughout their existence mitosis relates to plants, meiosis relates to animals
double the original
How many chromosomes are produced by the first division during meiosis? four additional four times the original double the original none of the above
False
Large variations in a crop may be developed by employing asexual reproduction. True False
homologous
Matched pairs of chromosomes are called: haploid homozygous diploid homologous
chromatin
Material in the cell nucleus carrying hereditary information. It is made up of DNA and various kinds of protein.
asexual
Mitosis is a form of _______________________ reproduction.
equal to
Mitosis produces daughter cells that have a chromosome number that is ________________________ that of the parent cell.
False
Most cells remain functioning throughout the duration of the organism by the maintenance function of mitosis. True False
diploid
Most of the cells in the human body are: diploid haploid
a homologous pair
Normally, how many chromosomes are required to determine the outward expression of a trait? only one two pairs any two a homologous pair
centromere
Part of a chromosome which attaches to the spindle apparatus during mitosis or meiosis.
G1 phase
Period during the life of a cell between the finish of mitosis and the synthesis of more genetic material for another mitotic division.
gamete
Sex cell
propagation
The act of propagating or establishing and growing new plants.
sperm
The male gamete
genetic recombination
The new genetic combinations of information which take place as a result of meiosis
2
The number of daughter cells produced in mitosis is ___
gametes
The only haploid cells in an organism are __________________________
two molecules are formed, each with an original "upright"
When DNA is duplicated during mitosis: two molecules are formed, each with an original "upright" the original molecule thickens and separates into two two completely new DNA molecules are formed one completely new DNA molecule is formed
during the first division of meiosis
When are the homologous pairs of chromosomes separated? during fertilization during the second division of meiosis during the first division of meiosis during the final division of mitosis
cancer
When mitosis becomes uncontrolled and occurs at a rapid rate, an organism may have ____________________
mitosis
Which occurs more frequently, mitosis or meiosis? meiosis mitosis
they do not contain chromosomes
Why don't blue-green algae and bacteria reproduce by mitosis? Because they are not organisms they are not cells they do not contain chromosomes all of the above
binary fission
asexual reproduction in which a single cell divides into two with no exchange of genetic material; reproduction method of bacteria
True
All the chromosomes in a diploid cell are paired. True False
anaphase
Chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell
daughter cell
The cell produced as a result of cell division
Mitosis
______________________ is a type of cell division used in asexual reproduction.
sex
All the chromosomes in a diploid cell come in matched pairs except the _________ chromosomes.
diploid
Cells having matched pairs of chromosomes are: homozygous haploid diploid homologous
prophase
Chromosomes become visible, the spindle apparatus forms
reproduction with only one parent reproduction at a rapid rate reproduction genetically of identical offspring reproduction in harsh climates
Four principal advantages of asexual reproduction are: reproduction with only one parent reproduction at a rapid rate reproduction utilizing many different genotypes reproduction genetically of identical offspring reproduction in harsh climates reproduction producing a variety of phenotypes
chromsomes
In addition to cell division, meiosis also includes division of a cell's ____________________________________
a nuclear and cell division process
Meiosis is also referred to as: asexual reproduction a nuclear and cell division process nucleic reproduction cell reduction
one-half
Meiosis produces daughter cells that have a chromosome number that is _____________________ that of the parent cell.
2 identical
Mitosis produces _____ daughter cells which are _____________________ to the parent cell.
all of the above
Reproduction by mitosis duplicates: chromosomes genes DNA all of the above
asexual reproduction
Reproduction in which the offspring are genetic copies of the parent
cytokinesis
The actual separation of daughter cells during cell division.
telophase
The cell plate forms, the nuclear envelope is formed
central disk
The central portion of a starfish. The arms of a starfish radiate from the central disk.
anaphase
The chromosomes are equally divided between the two ends of the dividing cell during ___________________________
metaphase
The chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
fertilization
The fusion of gametes to produce a new cell or zygote
chromatin
The genetic material appearing like a thread in a nucleus is called ___________________________
nuclear envelope
The membrane that surrounds the nucleus of the cell.
furrowing
The method of cell division in animal cells in which there is a constriction in the middle of the parent cell until the two halves of the cell divide.
mutation
The mismatch of a DNA base pair during duplication can result in a ______________________
False
The ordered arrangement of chromosomes in gametes is the same as they were in the parent cell. True False
S phase
The period of interphase when the genetic information is being duplicated.
metaphase
The phase during mitosis when chromosomes line up in the center of the cell is: prophase anaphase metaphase centerphase
enzymes
The proteins which are required to reproduce DNA during interphase are: paired bases sugar phosphates enzymes nucleotides
enzymes separating the DNA molecules
The reproduction of DNA during interphase begins with: thickening of the chromatin enzymes separating the DNA molecules enzymes producing a new DNA molecule pairs of bases lining up
anaphase
The stage of mitosis when the chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell.
a copy error in the chromosomes a mistake in the DNA "ladder"
Which statement(s) corresponds correctly to a mutation? an additional gene (base pairs) added to DNA information added to the genetic code a copy error in the chromosomes a mistake in the DNA "ladder"
