Biology Unit 5 Quiz 4
virulence
the ability of a virus to cause disease
extremeophile
the common name of species of the kingdom Archaea
salinity
the concentration of salt in a body of water
lysis
the death of a cell by breaking that cell open
receptor site
the external cell structure on a host cell which allows a virus to recognize and attach to it
envelope
the lipid-based membrane which encloses some viruses, made of material taken from the host cell membrane
viral attachment protein
the part of the viral capsid protein which will bind with the receptor site on a specific type of host cell
viral budding
the release of virions from the host cell through the cell membrane, a process which includes encasing the virion with an envelope composed of lipids from the host cell membrane
lytic cycle
the replication cycle of a virus in which new virions are manufacture and assembled, the end of which cycle is the lysis of the host cell and the release of the new virion
lysogenic cycle
the replication cycle of a virus in which, although the viral genetic material is being replicated along with the host cell genetic material, no new virions are being produced
prion brain
A ______________ is an abnormal disease-causing protein which affects the _____________ of the animal or human.
oxygen
An anaerobic organism does not need ________________ to survive. sunlight oxygen nitrogen water
methanogen
Archaea which live in an anaerobic environment and which produce methane as part of their respiratory process
halophile
Archaea which live in high salinity environments
thermoacidophile
Archaea which live in high temperature and/or acidic environments
True
Methanogens are able to live in anaerobic conditions. True False
viroids, Hepatitis D
Naked disease-causing RNA molecules known as ___________________ cause ________________________________________ in humans. prions, epilepsy viroids, Hepatitis D prions, heart attacks viroids, cancer
very high temperatures very high acidity
Select the conditions in which thermoacidophiles are known to live. very high temperatures very high acidity very high salinity very high oxygen content
They do not use energy for metabolism of any kind. They are not able to reproduce independently. Their virulence is maintained by non-living cultures.
Select the reasons why viruses, prions, and viroids are not classified as living organisms. They do not use energy for metabolism of any kind. They are not able to reproduce independently. Their virulence is maintained by non-living cultures. They are only motile in the early stages of growth.
virion
The _________________ structure is a single virus unit, including the genetic material and capsid. lysogenic envelope virion icosohedral
envelope structure
The ____________________________________________________________________________ is the lipid-based membrane surrounding some viruses. envelope structure polymer lipomembrane capsid structure
protein
The capsid structure is the __________________ covering of a virus. outside molecular supportive protein
capsid
The protein covering of a virus
Alicyclobacillus, thermoacidophiles
The scientific name of the organism that sours fruit juice is called ____________________________________________ and it belongs to the group of ___________________________________________________. Sulfolobus, halophiles Alicyclobacillus, methanagens Alicyclobacillus, thermoacidophiles Sulfolobus, thermoacidophiles
False
The viral genetic material structure has nucleic acid molecules in the form of both DNA and RNA. True False
viral budding
Viruses which typically have a lipid covering called an envelope are released from the host cell through _______________________________________________________. viral budding transformation transduction conjugation
halophiles
Which of the following organisms are known to live in conditions with very high salinity? thermoacidophiles salinophiles halophiles methanogens
They live in extreme environments where most organisms can't survive.
Why are members of the kingdom Archaea often called extremeophiles? They grow in a variety of bizarre shapes. They go to extreme methods to reproduce. They are able to mimic different kinds of organisms in different kinds of environments. They live in extreme environments where most organisms can't survive.
viroid
a disease-causing RNA molecule
virologist
a scientist who studies viruses
attenuated vaccine
a vaccine containing live pathogens which have been modified to make them much less virulent, or even non-virulent
inactivated vaccine
a vaccine containing non-living pathogens or parts of pathogens, which the immune system will recognize and against which pathogenic organisms the body will form antibodies
prion
an abnormal protein structure which is pathogenic
latent infection
an inactive infection which is still capable of becoming active and producing symptoms; often associated with the lysogenic cycle of a viral infection
virion
an individual virus particle
T4 bacteriophage
complex
Tobacco Mosaic Virus
helical
HIV/ AIDS virus
icosahedral
anaerobic organisms
organisms which grow in the absence of free atmospheric oxygen
